MICROSTRUCTURES LIPS TOOTH TONGUE OESOPHAGUS STOMACH, CARDIAC, PYLORIC FUNDIC GLANDS

HUMAN ANATOMY: MICROSTRUCTURES CLASSIFICATION: LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES, FORM, FUNCTION, MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE: A hollow organ is a visceral organ that is a hollow tube or pouch (as the stomach or intestine) or that includes a cavity (as of the heart or urinary bladder) The parenchyma are the functional parts of an organ in the body The stroma refers to the connective, non-functional supportive framework of an organ You always recognize a stroma (supporting tissue, formed by capsule and trabeculae) and parenchyma (functional tissue). It is usually covered with a capsule of connective tissue that penetrates inside the body. We recognize overlapping layers of different tissue Origin. Usually by the outer layer are: Tunica serosa (tunica adventitia in esophagus and rectum) Tunica muscularis Tunica submucosa Tunica mucosa

ORAL CAVITY

LIPS s = skin (no visible) sg = salivary gland sm = striated muscle S sg SM Sm Mb

Tooth anatomy

The lingual papillae consist of a connective tissue core covered with a stratified squamous epithelium. On the basis of their appearance four types of papillae can be distinguished - filiform, fungiform, circumvallate and foliate papillae

SKELETAL MUSCLE OF TONGUE

Filiform papillae are the smallest and most numerous papillae. By providing the tongue with a rough surface they aid in the manipulation and processing of foods

Fungiform papillae occur singly and are fairly evenly spaced between the filiform papillae. Their connective tissue core is richly vascularised. The epithelium is slightly thinner than on the remaining surface of the tongue

Circumvallate papillae are the largest and least numerous papillae - in humans there are between 8 and 12 of them. They occur in depressions of the surface of the tongue and are surrounded with a trench formed by the infolding of the epithelium. Taste buds are particularly numerous on the lateral surfaces of these papillae. The excretory ducts of serous glands open into the trenches surrounding the papillae ("rinsing glands" or glands of von Ebner

Foliate papillae The word "foliate" means "leaflike" and in this case the reference is to the "leaves" of a book. The papillae themselves are flat-topped and have deep clefts between them. The clefts are lined with epithelium, and there are taste buds embedded in them.

epithelium TASTE BUDS CLEFT submucosa

TASTE BUDS

oesophagus ge S Ms ly M Mm L

Oesophagus wall L Mm M ge S v Ms

esophagus gastric glands cardiac glands pyloric glands aglandular epithelium duodenum

gastric wall, cardia 4 5 3 1 6 mm 2

2 mucosa of the stomach 1 mm 3 4 5 6

gastric fundus 2 1 4 5 3 V mm

Mucosa of the gastric fundus 5 2 4 3 6 1 parietal cells, producing HCl and intrinsic factor (GIF), glycoprotein Involved in VitB12 absorption

Mucosa of the gastric fundus 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 = gastric chief cell (or peptic cell, or gastric zymogenic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen, gastric lipase and chymosin (rennin, aspartic acid protease enzyme).

Mucosa of the pyloric canal *

stomach wall

pyloric region of the stomach

The epithelium of the stomach forms deep pits. The glands at these locations are named for the corresponding part of the stomach:

The cardiac glands of the stomach are few in number secrete mucus. They and occur close to the cardiac orifice where the esophagus joins the stomach.in general, they are more shallow than those in the other parts of the stomach. They are of two kinds: (1) simple tubular glands resembling those of the pyloric end of the stomach, but with short ducts. (2) compound racemose glands resembling the duodenal glands. The cardiac gland is both innervated by the parasympathetic and symapthetic nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system. c. Cardiac glands. d. Gland ducts. cr. Gland similar to the intestinal glands, with goblet cells. mm. Mucous membrane. m. Muscularis mucosae. m. Muscular tissue within the mucous membrane. CARDIAC GLANDS

The pyloric glands are found in the pyloric portion of the stomach. They consist of two or three short closed tubes opening into a common duct or mouth The duct is lined by columnar cells, continuous with the epithelium lining the surface of the mucous membrane of the stomach, the tubes by shorter and more cubical cell which are finely granular. The glands contain mucus cells and G cells that secrete gastrin, an hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells. pyloric gland, from a section of the stomach. m. Mouth. n. Neck. tr. A deep portion of a tubule cut trasversally and ducts. PILORIC GLANDS

The fundus glands (or fundic glands, or gastric glands) are found in the body and fundus of the stomach. They are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct H&E stain of fundic gland polyp showing shortening of the gastric pits with cystic dilatation FUNDIC GLANDS

Coeliac axis and its branches digital subtraction angiography multislice CT angiogram