Cells Cells are the best!
All living things are made of cells
Some life forms are just one teeny, tiny cell
We are made of trillions of cells! (1,000,000,000,000 = 1 trillion) Cells are really, really small http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Body
Two Main Types of Cells Prokaryotic No nucleus or membranebound organelles Ex: bacterial cells Eukaryotic DNA is found in a nucleus Has specialized organelles Ex: plant cells, animal cells
Parts of the cell
Cell Wall
Cell Wall Functions: Provides structural support Protects cell Other notes: Found in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria (not animal cells)
Cell Membrane (Also called Plasma Membrane) Gate keeper of cell
Cell Membrane Functions: Barrier between inside of cell and outer environment Allows only certain molecules through
Cell Membrane Other notes: Made of two layers of Phospholipids and Proteins that move freely around each other
Cell Membrane (Also called Plasma Membrane)
Cell wall and cell membrane
Cytoplasm/cytosol
Cytoplasm/cytosol Function of cytosol: Cytosol = Semi-fluid jelly that organelles float in and move through Other notes: Cytosol is located in Cytoplasm (Area between cell membrane and nucleus / DNA)
Chloroplasts
Chloroplast Function: Site of photosynthesis Turns light, CO 2 and water into sugar and O 2 Other notes: Contains Green chlorophyll pigment
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts in a real plant cell
Vacuole Chloroplasts
Nucleus Control center of cell
Nucleus Function: Stores /protects DNA Controls cellular activities Other notes: Only found in Eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
Nucleus in real plant cell
Nucleus in real animal cells (cheek cells)
Nucleolus
Nucleolus Function: Makes ribosomes Other notes: Found inside nucleus (dark ball)
Nucleolus
Mitochondria Powerhouse of cell
Mitochondria Function: Site of respiration = process where energy in sugar molecules is converted to ATP ENERGY FOR THE CELL! Other notes: Has double membrane and own DNA
Mitochondria
Ribosomes Protein factories
Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins (using instructions from DNA) Other notes: May be attached to endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) or found free in cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Two types: rough and smooth
Rough ER Function: Modifies and packages newly formed proteins Sends them in little bubbles to Golgi body Other notes: Called rough because it is covered with ribosomes Attached to nucleus looks like a maze
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER Functions: Assembles lipid (fat) molecules Sends lipids in little bubbles to Golgi body Inactivates some drugs in liver cells Other notes: Called smooth because it s not covered in ribososmes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus (Also called Golgi complex, Golgi body)
Golgi Apparatus Function: Tags and ships proteins to final destination inside or outside cell Other notes: Sometimes called the post office of the cell Looks like stack of pancakes
Protein packaging and shipping Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus
Golgi Apparatus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdoifwk7eqm&feature=related Lava lamp (short) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvfvrgk0mfa&feature=related Protein packaging http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7yku3sa4y8&feature=related Good video of exocitosis
Vacuole
Vacuole Function: Stores water, ions, sugars, amino acids, crystals, pigments, toxins Other notes: Large central vacuole only found in plant cells
Vacuole
Vacuole Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
Lysosomes Function: Digests things inside cell (food, invading bacteria/virus, cells/broken cell parts) Other notes: Small sac filled with enzymes
Lysosomes
Cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments)
Cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments) Function: Gives cells shape Highway for organelle movement inside cell Other notes: Similar to a skeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cilia
Flagella
Review of Cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urujd 5NEXC8
Real cells!
Real cells: plant cell
Real cells: breast cancer cell
Real cells: amoeba
Real cells: nerve cell
Real cells: human blood cells
Real cells: macrophage (immune cell)
Real cells: paramecium
Real cells: sperm / egg
Real cells: muscle