TEST YOURSELF- Chapter 7 Cranial Bones 1. Give the name of the bone for each of the following markings. Some of the markings are found on more than one bone. List all that apply. Cranium a. Frontal squama: frontal b. Zygomatic process: frontal and temporal (maxilla too, but it is a facial bone) c. Hypoglossal canal: occipital d. Glabella: frontal e. Coronal suture: frontal and parietal f. Crista galli: ethmoid g. Pterygoid process: sphenoid h. Orbital plate: ethmoid i. Petrous region: temporal j. Mastoid process: temporal k. Sella turcica: sphenoid l. Cribriform plate: ehtmoid m. Supraorbital margin: frontal n. Foramen ovale: sphenoid o. Carotid canal: temporal p. Lesser wing: sphenoid q. Sinus: frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid (maxilla, but it is a facial bone) 2. Name the portion of the cranium that covers the brain: vault/calvaria
3. Which markings of the cranium cradle the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the brain? The cranial fossae Facial Bones 4. Give the name of the facial bone for each of the following descriptions: Hyoid Bone a. Forms the bridge of the nose: nasal b. Forms the hard palate of the mouth (two bones): palatine and maxilla c. cheek bone: zygomatic d. Forms the nasal septum (two bones): vomer with ethmoid (a cranial bone) e. Forms the medial wall of the orbit (two bones): lacrimal and ethmoid (a cranial bone) f. Forms a joint with the temporal bone of the cranium: mandible g. Secures the teeth (two bones): maxilla and mandible 5. Name the three markings of the hyoid bone: lesser cornua (horn), greater cornua (horn) and body 6. Give the function of the hyoid bone: attaches the muscle and tissue of the tongue; attaches some muscles of the neck Vertebral Column 7. How many vertebra are in each of the following regions of the spine: a. Thoracic: 12 b. Sacral: 5 c. Cervical: 7 d. Coccygeal: 4 (on average) e. Lumbar: 5 8. List the four curvatures of the spine. Indicate which are primary and which are secondary: cervical (secondary), thoracic (primary), lumbar (secondary), sacral (primary)
9. List the ligaments that hold the vertebral column upright: anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum nuchae and flavum, interspinous and supraspinous 10. Give the name for each of the following abnormal curvatures of the spine: a. Exaggerated lumbar curvature: lordosis b. Lateral curves when viewed anteriorly: scoliosis c. Exaggerated thoracic curvature: kyphosis 11. The vertebral column is formed from the stacking of which marking of the vertebra? Verterbral foramen 12. Give the names of the vertebra markings that form the vertebral arch: pedicles and lamina 13. Which markings of the vertebra articulate with the rib? Transverse facets of the transverse processes and the superior and inferior costal facets on the body Specific Vertebra 14. Which two bones articulate to allow the yes motion of the head? Atlas (C 1 ) and Occipital bone 15. Which two vertebrae articulate to allow the no motion of the head? Atlas and Axis (C 2 ) 16. Name the vertebra type for each of the following descriptions: a. Has a triangular vertebral foramen: lumbar and cervical b. Has a hatchet shaped spinous process: lumbar c. Has transverse foramen: cervical d. Has a round vertebral foramen: thoracic e. Articulates with the sacrum: lumbar (specifically L 5 ) f. Articulates with ribs: thoracic g. Are robust to support the weight of the trunk, upper limbs and head: lumbar h. Have facets on the transverse processes: thoracic i. Has a bifid spinous process: cervical j. Has a heart-shaped body: thoracic
Upper Limb and Pectoral Girdle 17. Name the bones that form the pectoral girdle: clavicle and scapula 18. Give the names of the bones that the humerus articulates with: scapula, radius, ulna 19. Give the name of the bone for each of the following markings (some may be found on more than one bone): a. Capitulum: humerus b. Deltoid tuberosity: humerus c. Medial border: scapula d. Costal tuberosity: clavicle e. Acromion (Acromial process): scapula f. Head: humerus, radius, ulna g. Neck: radius h. Surgical neck: humerus i. Styloid process: radius, ulna j. Trochlear notch: ulna k. Coronoid process: ulna l. Coracoid process: scapula m. Anatomical neck: humerus n. Inferior angle: scapula o. Spine: scapula p. Trochlea: humerus q. Medial epicondyle: humerus 20. List the bones of the carpus: pisiform, hamate, capitate, triquetral, scaphoid, lunate, trapezium, trapazoid 21. Give the names of the carpals in the proximal row from medial to lateral: pisiform, triquetral, lunate, scaphoid
22. How are the metacarpals identified? By number; 1-5 (I-V) 23. Which digit has only two phalanx bones? Digit 1 (Pollex) Pelvis 24. List the bones that form the bony pelvis: 2 os coxae, sacrum, coccyx 25. Identify female or male for each of the following: a. Wider pubic arch: female b. Robust to support larger build: male c. Wide but shallow true pelvis: female d. Forward tilting: female e. Sacrum and coccyx curve anteriorly: male 26. What function is performed by the female body that requires the differences seen between the male and female pelvis? Giving birth Lower Limb and Pelvic Girdle 27. Name the socket for the hip joint: acetabulum 28. Name the bones that articulate with the femur: coxal bone and tibia 29. Name the bones that articulate with talus: tibia, fibula and calcaneous 30. Give the name of the bone for each of the following markings. Some of the markings are found on more than one bone. List all that apply. a. Fovea capitis: femur b. Head: femur c. Styloid process: fibula d. Intercondylar eminence: tibia e. Medial condyle: femur and tibia f. Intertrochanteric line: femur g. Gluteal tuberosity: femur h. Lateral malleolus: tibia
i. Acetabulum: os coxae (coxal bone) j. Linea aspera: femur k. Neck: femur and fibula l. Greater trochanter: femur m. Tuberosity: tibia n. Patellar surface: femur o. Obturator foramen: os coxae (coxal bone) p. Anterior border: tibia 31. Which marking of the metatarsal bone articulates with the tarsals? base 32. List the tarsal bones: calcaneous, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, talus 33. Which two tarsal bones accept the weight of the body in the upright position? Talus and calcaneous 34. Describe what happens to the shape of the head with age: the face elongates/ becomes more oval 35. Describe differential growth: different parts of the body grow at different rates 36. Describe why there is a greater risk of intervertebral disc herniation in geriatric years: discs have less elastic fibers; dehydration of the disc