UNIT 3 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE NOTES Chapter 6 pg. 146-173 Name Date Class Warm-up: List the percentages of each: Total Fats Saturated Fats Carbohydrates Protein What biomolecule would cholesterol be classified as? REVIEW!! Levels of organization Atoms Molecules Cells Where we are going to FOCUS on! Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Atoms Basic Made up of the subatomic particles: i. (+), ii. (0) iii. (-) Molecules (Chemical Compounds) Substance formed by the combination of or Ex: - - most abundant compound in living things Ex: - CO2
BIOMOLECULES AKA MACROMOLECULES A. Macromolecules Formed by process called, in which large compounds are built by joining. The small compounds are called, which join together to form. Four groups of carbon compounds found in living things. Monomer vs Polymer Monomer- unit Polymer: single units together Dehydration Synthesis: water to polymers Hydrolysis: water to polymers BACK into monomers 4 Types of Biomolecules 1.) Carbohydrates Elements:,, & Function: source of ( ) for living things Energy cal/ gram Monomer: Mono= Saccharide=
Example: Gluc, Fruct, Lact Joining (monomer) together macromolecules call (polymer) ----- is a complex carb---- Starch is a complex carbohydrate ( ) that is used by plants as a way to glucose. Starch is the most abundant polysaccharide in cells. and digest starch, it to glucose to serve as a source of energy. Polysaccharide How to Test for Carbohydrates A. Simple Sugars Test Use to identify the presence of. If the solution is for the presence of simple sugars (glucose), it will turn, or. * In real world settings, glucose in urine could mean you are diabetic. B. Starch Test Use to identify the presence of. A - color indicated the positive presence of.
2.) Lipids Elements:,, & Function: Used to term energy, build cell, insulate body, and coverings for plants. Energy= Cal/ g Monomer: Glycerol & Polymer: triglyceride Examples: fats, oils, and waxes What are the food sources of lipids? Unsaturated Fats: found in vegetables. Examples: Plant oil, fish and nuts. Saturated Fats: Dairy products and Meat Trans Fat (man-made) Examples: margarine, shortening How to Test for Lipids Lipids will test if it leaves a (see through mark) on brown paper. *Lipids are insoluble in water meaning they cannot combine so water will not be able to dissolve oils. You need soap to help dissolve lipids. 3.) Proteins Elements:,,, & Function: regulate chemical reactions & cell processes, form and, molecules through cell membrane, and help system
Energy: Cal/ g Emergency ONLY! Monomer: are joined together by bonds to form (polymers) Example: meat, beans, tofu, ENZYMES, antibodies How to Test for Protein Used to test solution for. If the solution has protein in it, then it will turn. * In real-world settings, protein in urine discovered on a test may often be the earliest sign of diabetic kidney damage. 4.) Nucleic Acids *biggest and Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Function: Used to and heredity or information Energy: Cal/g *you do eat for nucleic acids! Monomer: are joined together to form ( ). Nucleotides consist of 3 parts: a 5 carbon,
group, and a. Example: & Universal Genetic Code The genetic code is based on (deoxyribonucleic acid) and (ribonucleic acid) and contains the information needed to a new organism. It is not only a program for what are needed, but also when and to make them. The information is and from to and is almost identical in every organism on Earth. For almost all organisms tested, including humans, flies, yeast, and bacteria, the of DNA/RNA are used to make the. Ex. The genetic code AGA has been found to make the same exact protein, arginine, in ALL organisms studied. The genetic code is said to be in animals (including humans), plants, fungi, archaea, bacteria, and EVEN. Enzymes: Special Proteins Are - suffix Enzymes, or, chemical reactions Enzymes the amount of activation energy required which will the chemical reaction process - Synthesizing molecules (to ) - Digesting molecules (to ) Living organism cannot WITHOUT enzymes because chemical reactions would be GRAPHING Enzymes Optimal = enzymes are working and reactions taking place
Activation energy= amount if energy needed for reaction to occur PARTS of an Enzyme Lock and Key Theory Each enzyme needs to be the for the job. *remember protein? What can affect the enzyme action? 1. Temperature: or 2. ph: level Changes in temp or ph level can down an enzymes to function. changes can cause of the enzyme. Denature: permanently change the of the enzyme. Will longer work Enzymes are Exact - -Each enzyme is the helper to a reaction - Enzymes are named for the reaction they help sucrase breaks down proteases breakdown lipases breakdown DNA polymerase builds