The Human Body: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Lesson 1: What is a Body System? Cells - smallest parts - billions in the body - can have special jobs Tissues - similar cells grouped together - muscle cells make muscle tissue
Lesson 1: What is a Body System? (con't) Organs - groups of different tissues that work together - have one or more jobs - examples: heart, lungs, skin Systems -groups of organs working together to do one or more jobs -circulatory system made up of heart, arteries, veins, and more
Lesson 1: What is a Body System? (con't) cells make up tissues make up organs make up systems
Lesson 2: Your Body's Transportation System Circulatory -carries nutrients+oxygen to all cells System -helps get rid of wastes like carbon dioxide -helps protect body from illness -made up of heart, blood vessels, blood
Lesson 3: The Job of Your Heart Heart -large organ made of special muscle that doesn t get tired called cardiac muscle -is a pump that pushes blood through body -works by contracting (tightening) and relaxing. It pushes blood when it contracts. -does this about 70 times per minute -each time it contracts, we call it a heartbeat -we feel a pulse every time it contracts -big animals have slower pulses than small animals
Lesson 3: The Job of Your Heart Inside the heart -heart has 2 sides- right and left -each side has 2 parts- atrium and ventricle -A: right atrium -B: right ventricle -C: left atrium -D: left ventricle
Lesson 3: The Job of Your Heart How your heart works: 1. Blood from body carrying carbon dioxide enters the right atrium. 2. The heart contracts (beats) and sends the blood to the right ventricle. 3. The heart contracts (beats) and sends blood toward the lungs. 4. In the lungs, the blood gets rid of carbon dioxide and gets oxygen. 5. The heart contracts (beats) and sends blood from the lungs to the left atrium. 6. The heart contracts (beats) and sends blood to the left ventricle. 7. The heart contracts (beats) and sends blood throughout the body.
Lesson 3: The Job of Your Heart Blood s pathway: body -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> lungs -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> body red= blood with oxygen blue= blood with carbon dioxide (fun fact: blood that carries carbon dioxide isn t really blue- it s actually more of a maroonpurple colour.)
Lesson 3: The Job of Your Heart How Your Blood Travels -blood carried in blood vessels (look like tubes) -3 types: arteries, veins, capillaries Arteries -carry blood away from heart -thick and muscular -usually carry blood with oxygen (except: pulmonary arteries, which take blood from heart to lungs)
Lesson 3: The Job of Your Heart Veins -carry blood toward heart -thinner than arteries -usually carry blood with carbon dioxide (except: pulmonary veins, which take blood from lungs to heart) Capillaries -where arteries and veins connect -tiny,thin blood vessels -oxygen and nutrients from blood enter other cells here -carbon dioxide from cells passes into blood here
Lesson 3: The Job of Your Heart
Lesson 4: Your Blood and What It Does What Makes Up Blood: -liquid part called plasma -plasma carries blood cells, water, and nutrients -solid part made of blood cells -3 types of blood cells: white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
Lesson 4: Your Blood and What It Does White blood cells: -help fight illnesses and infection -body makes more when we re sick -make up less than 1% of all blood cells
Lesson 4: Your Blood and What It Does Platelets: -quite small -allows blood to stick together and clot (stops us from bleeding when we re cut) -make up less than 1% of all blood cells
Lesson 4: Your Blood and What It Does Red blood cells: -make up about 99% of all blood cells -carry oxygen through body -oxygen enters cell through cell membrane (skin) -chemical called hemoglobin lets oxygen get carried in blood (hemoglobin needs a mineral called iron from our diet to work) -hemoglobin is what makes our blood red
Lesson 4: Your Blood and What It Does Blood Transports Other Materials: -red blood cells travel in the plasma to other cells in the body -at other cell: oxygen and nutrients go into the body cell carbon dioxide and waste go into the blood -other chemicals (like hormones) also transported by blood
Lesson 3: Your Respiratory System and How it Works Respiration - also called breathing - how we get oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide (which is harmful to our body) and water - breathing in is called inhaling - breathing out is called exhaling Oxygen: - a gas found in the air - helps the body use the nutrients we get from digestion - without oxygen, we couldn t use the nutrients we get from eating + our organs would stop working.
The respiratory system moves oxygen into the body and helps us get rid of carbon dioxide larynx trachea bronchi diaphragm bronchioles alveoli also: lungs pharynx
-take in oxygen that the body needs -get rid of carbon dioxide, which is waste
diaphragm -large muscle between lungs and stomach -when you inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves down. This sucks air into the lungs. -when you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves back up. This pushes the air out of your lungs.
These are the main parts of the respiratory system: mouth and nose -where the air enters the body
pharynx -top part of the throat -air is drawn in through the mouth and nose
larynx -also called the voice box -connects the pharynx and the trachea
trachea -also called the windpipe -brings air from the larynx to the lungs
bronchi -2 small tubes branching off from the trachea -leads to the lungs
lungs - a spongy organ in your chest - where oxygen enters your blood and carbon dioxide is given up
bronchioles -small tubes that branch off the bronchi -carry oxygen to alveoli
alveoli -tiny sacs at the end of bronchioles -where oxygen gets transferred into the blood stream
Your left lung is smaller than the right one because your heart takes up room on the left side! You have about 600 million alveoli. If you spread them all out, they'd cover a tennis court! On average, you breathe 20 times a minute.
Asthma Bronchitis -an illness that makes it hard for someone to breathe. The bronchi become swollen, so there isn't as much room for air pass through. -a common illness that happens when the bronchioles become swollen due to a virus or bacteria.