Inattentional blindness for shapes, faces, and words: ERP correlates of attention & awareness
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1 Inattentional blindness for shapes, faces, and words: ERP correlates of attention & awareness Michael Pitts, Juliet Shafto, & Kathryn Schelonka Psychology Department Reed College CSAIL 2014
2 Neural signatures of conscious perception When the same physical stimulus is processed consciously vs. unconsciously, how does neural activity differ? Global Neuronal Workspace Theory
3 Evidence of Global Neuronal Workspace Activity 1. Wide-spread fronto-parietal activity 2. P3 wave (specifically P3b) 3. High-frequency (gamma) oscillations 4. Long-range synchrony Dehaene & Changeux (2011) Neuron; Dehaene (2013) Consciousness and the Brain
4 Stimuli Square or Random ms 300ms ms
5 Inattentional Blindness Failure to perceive unexpected objects or events because attention is focused on another task Mack & Rock (1998); Simons & Chabris (1999) attentional blink backward masking bistable figures / binocular rivalry interocular suppression
6 Inattention paradigm adapted for EEG/ERP Video Example of Stimuli:
7 Experiment 1: Procedure Phase 1: Distracter Task (unaware) Phase 2: Distracter Task (aware) Phase 3: Shape Discrimination Task (aware + relevant) Awareness Assessment Awareness Assessment # of Stimuli per phase: Random: 300 Square: 240 Diamond: 60
8 Awareness assessment
9
10 Behavioral results (awareness assessments) unaware aware
11 Pitts, Martinez, & Hillyard (2012) JOCN
12 Pitts et al. (in press) NeuroImage
13 Summary Early (~180ms) ERP negativity regardless of whether subjects are aware of the shapes. Phase 1 (unaware) Subsequent (~260ms) ERP negativity only when subjects are aware of the shapes. Phase 2 (aware) P3 and gamma (>300ms) only when shapes are task relevant. Phase 3 (aware + task relevant) preconscious processing signature of conscious perception? postperceptual processing
14 Experiment 2: preconscious processing Contours task irrelevant: Contours task relevant: Pitts & Martinez (2014) Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention
15 Experiment 3: postperceptual processing Random Array: Shape Pattern: Color Patches: Shape or color task (counterbalanced blocks) P3 & Gamma for consciously perceived, but irrelevant shapes? Pitts et al. (in press) NeuroImage
16 Experiment 3: postperceptual processing Video Example of Stimuli: list=plkneq1aooi-wtcb6hh5qrxfirzqlh79ca
17 Experiment 3 Pitts et al. (in press) NeuroImage
18 Experiment 3 Pitts et al. (in press) NeuroImage
19 Paradigm comparisons Pitts, Metzler, & Hillyard (in press) Front Psych
20 Paradigm comparison
21 Refrigerator door problem Goal: determine if the light inside the fridge is on Light on = neural signature of conscious perception Opening door = asking subject to report their perception
22 Experiment 4: inattentional blindness to faces Face Pattern Random Array Distracter Task Shafto & Pitts (in prep)
23 Experiment 4: inattentional blindness to faces Video Example of Stimuli: EQ1AooI-wtcb6Hh5QRxFiRZqLH79Ca&index=3
24 Shafto & Pitts (in prep)
25 Shafto & Pitts (in prep) Difference Waves (face random)
26 Phase 1 (unaware) Phase 2 (aware) Phase 3 (aware + task relevant) Shafto & Pitts (in prep)
27 Experiment 5: inattentional blindness to words Schelonka, Canseco-Gonzalez, & Pitts (ongoing)
28 Conclusions VAN: candidate neural signature of conscious perception Does VAN index attention or awareness? Neural sources of VAN? Auditory analog of VAN? VAN ~ ms P3 & Gamma: postperceptual processing related to carrying-out discrimination or reporting task (opening refrigerator door) Global Neuronal Workspace Theory? discounting evidence disproving theory VAN might = GNW activity VAN, P3, gamma might GNW activity, but signature X might or GNW theory could be wrong
29 Thank you for your attention and awareness! Collaborators: Funding: Steve Hillyard Antígona Martínez Juliet Shafto Jennifer Padwal Dan Fennelly Kathryn Schelonka Enriqueta Canseco-Gonzalez KIBM NIMH NSF Reed College
30 Exp 1: Between Subjects IB subjects Noticer subjects Phase 1 Phase 2
31 Exp 1: Between Subjects IB subjects Noticer subjects Phase 1 Phase 2 Pitts, Martinez, & Hillyard (2012) JCogNeuro
32 Noticer subjects Pitts et al. (in press) NeuroImage
33 Phase 1: unaware Source Estimates (LORETA) - Phase 2: aware Phase 3: aware + task relevant
34 Experiment 4 Shafto & Pitts (in prep)
35 Shafto & Pitts (in prep)
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