DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES: From Longitudinal Research to Intervention Part B. Jay Belsky
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1 DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES: From Longitudinal Research to Intervention Part B Jay Belsky
2 CAN WE MOVE BEYOND CORRELATIONAL EVIDENCE TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA?
3 OUTLINE MORNING I. Observational Evidence A. Temperament B. Stress Physiology C. Highly Sensitive Person D. Candidate Genes E. Polygenic Approaches F. Mechanisms of Influence G. Conclusions AFTERNOON II. Experimental/Intervention Evidence A. Temperament B. Stress Physiology C. Highly Sensitive Person D. Candidate Genes E. Polygenic Approaches F. Conclusions
4 NEGATIVE EMOTIONALITY
5 Experimental Enhancement of Maternal Sensitivity via Circle of Security: Effects on Attachment Security Cassidy, J., et al. (2011). Enhancing infant attachment security: An examination of treatment efficacy and differential susceptibility. Development and Psychopathology.
6 Effect of Computerized (Phonemic) Literacy Instruction on Early Literacy Skills Moderated by Mild Perinatal Adversities (Markers for negativity and physiological reactivity) Grey: Early perinatal adversity. White: No early perinatal adversity Van der Kooy-Hofland, V.A.C. et al. (2012). Differential susceptibility to early literacy intervention in children with mild perinatal adversities: Short- and long-term effects of a randomized control trial. Journal of Educational Psychology.
7 Van den Bergy, H. & Bus, A.G. (2014). Beneficial effects of BookStart in temperamentally highly reactive infants. Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 36, 2014, Effects of Book-Exposure Intervention (8 months) on Language Development (15 months) Moderated by Temperamental Reactivity Low/Average Reactive Highly Reactive Control Group BookStart Intervention
8 Intervention for Children with Conduct Disorder (Emotionally Dysregulated: loses temper, angry, touchy; Headstrong: Argues, defiant annoys, blames) Change in conduct symptoms in children allocated to parenting intervention compared to controls, by conduct disorder subtype Scott, S. & O Connor, T.G. (2012). An experimental test of differential susceptibility to parenting among emotionally dysregulated children in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Oppositional Behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53,
9 PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIVITY
10 Intervention for Children with Disruptive Behavior Disorder (Cortisol Stress Reactivity: HS=Highly Reactive) Pre- and postrtreament comparison of Parent Daily Report (PDR) Overt Aggression scores and Oppositional Behavior scores in high cortisol stress responsivity (HS) and low cortisol stress responsivity (LS) in disruptive behavior disorder subgroups Van de Wiel et al. (2004). Cortisol and treatment effect in children with disruptive behavior disorder: A preliminary study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43,
11 HIGHLY SENSITIVE PERSON
12 Effects of School-Based Resilience Program (Sparks) on Girls Depression Moderated by HSP NOT an RCT * * Pluess, M., & Boniwell, I. (2015). Sensory-Processing Sensitivity Predicts Treatment Response to a School-Based Depression Prevention Program: Evidence of Vantage Sensitivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 82,
13 CANDIDATE GENES
14 5-HTTLPR
15 Odds of Secure Attachment 6 Experimental Enhancement of Maternal Sensitivity Via Home Visiting In South Africa from Pregnancy to 6 mos.: Effects on Attachment Security Moderated by 5-HTTLPR Controls Intervention SS/SL GENOTYPE LL Morgan, B. et al. (2017). Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) polymorphism and susceptibility to a home-visiting maternal-infant attachment intervention delivered by community health Workers in South Africa: Re-analysis of a randomized controlled trial. PLOS Medicine
16 Intervention Effects on Indiscriminant Social Behavior Among Institutionalized Romanian Children Moderated by 5-HTTLPR (CAUG: Care as Usual Group; FCG: Foster Care Group) Drury, S.S. et al. (2012). Genetic sensitivity to the caregiving context: The influence of 5httplor and BDNF val66 met on indiscriminant social behavior. Physiology and Behavior.
17 Effect of High-Quality Foster Care/Adoption of Institutionalized Children and Externalizing Problems Moderated by 5-HTTLPR Care As Usual Group: Remained Institutionalized Foster Care Group Brett, Z.H. et al. (2015). Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype moderates the longitudinal impact of early caregiving on externalizing behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 7-18.
18 CHILDREN S RESPONSE TO CBT CBCL externalizing MODERATED BY 5HTTLPR (i) (i) Proportion of children free of (a) their primary anxiety disorder and (b) all anxiety disorders at follow-up by 5HTTLPR genotype. (ii) Symptom severity of primary diagnosis at each time point, as a function of genotype. (ii) Eley, T.C. et al. (2012). Therapygenetics: The 5HTTLPR and response to psychological therapy. Molecular Psychiatry, 17,
19 Effect of Substance Abuse Prevention Program On Substance Use Initaition Moderated by 5-HTTLPR (see Panel D) Short-allele controls show most increase in substance use, with prevention only for shortallele intervention adolescents Schlomer, G.L. et al. (2016). Extending previous cgxi findings on 5-HTTLPR s moderation of intervention effects on adolescent substance misuse initiation. Child Development.
20 DRD4
21 Development of Externalizing Behavior for Intervention and Control Groups By DRD47-Repeat Allele CBCL Externalizing control 7+ control 7- intervention 7+ intervention screening pretest posttest follow-up Bakermans-Kranenburg et al. (2008). Experimental evidence for differential susceptibility: Dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism (DRD4 VNTR) moderates intervention effects on toddlers' externalizing behavior in a randomized controlled trial. Developmental Psychology, 44,
22 Effect of Computerized Literacy Instruction Emphasizing PHONEMIC AWARENESS on Emergent Literacy Skills Moderated by DRD4-7R (Long) Kegel, C., Bus, A. & Van IJzendoorn, M. (2011).Differential susceptibility in early literacy instruction through computer games: The role of Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene (DRD4). Mind, Brain, and Education, 5, 71-79
23 Effect of Strong African American Families Program On Substance Use Moderated by DRD4-7R (LEFT PANEL): Study I Beach, S. et al. (2010). Differential susceptibility to parenting among African American Youths. Journal of Family Psychology, 24,
24 BDNF
25 Effects of Meditation on Perceived Stress Moderated by BDNF Jung, Y. et al. (2011). Inlfuence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and catechol O-methyl transferase polymorphisms on effects of meditation on plasma catecholamines and stress. Stress.
26 Polygenic Moderation
27 Intervention Effects on Indiscriminant Social Behavior Among Institutionalized Romanian Children Moderated by Cumulative Genetic Plasticity: 5-HTTLPR and BDNF (CAUG: Care as Usual Group; FCG: Foster Care Group) Drury, S.S. et al. (2012). Genetic sensitivity to the caregiving context: The influence of 5httplor and BDNF val66 met on indiscriminant social behavior. Physiology and Behavior, 106,
28 EFFECTS OF INCREDIBLE YEARS ON REDUCTION IN BOYS EXTERNALIZING MODERATED BY POLYGENIC DOPAMINERGIC INDEX (DRD4, DRD2, DAT1, MAOA, and COMT) Chhangur, R.R.. & Belsky, J. (2016). Genetic moderation of Intervention Efficacy: Dopaminergic genes, the Incredible Years, and externalizing behavior in children. Child Development.
29 EFFECTS OF INCREDIBLE YEARS ON REDUCTION IN BOYS EXTERNALIZING MODERATED BY POLYGENIC DOPAMINERGIC INDEX and DEGREE OF PARENTAL CHANGE Chhangur, R.R.. & Belsky, J. (2016). Genetic moderation of Intervention Efficacy: Dopaminergic genes, the Incredible Years, and externalizing behavior in children. Child Development.
30 Intervention Effects on African-American Teens Alcohol Use Moderated by Multiple GABAergic and Dopaminergic Genes Brody, G.H., Chen, Y., & Beach, S.R.H. (2013). Differential susceptibility to prevention: GABAergic, Dopaminergic, and multilocus effects. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 54,
31 Effect of CBT Varieties (non-rct) on CHANGE in Clinical Severity of Emotional Problems Moderated by GWAS-Derived Polygenic Environmental Sensitivity Score* Most Intensive CBT Least Intensive CBT *Derived from independent sample of MZ twins who differed more vs. less than each other. Keers, R...Eley, T. (2016). A genome-wide test of the differential susceptibility hypothesis reveals a genetic predictor of differential response to psychological treaments for child anxiety disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85,
32 META-ANALYSIS OF GENE X INTERVENTION EFFECTS --22 experiments --involving 3,257 participants --with various developmental outcomes (e.g., externalizing problems, internalizing behaviors, cognitive development) --and various plasticity genes
33 META-ANALYTIC EFFECTS susceptible non-susceptible macro micro nano Macro: Broad, Multi-faceted intervention (e.g., Fast Track, Strong African-American Families) Micro: Narrow, mechanism-specific (e.g., phonemic awareness) Nano: Immediate neural or behavioral responses to a small range of positive and negative stimuli, to minor manipulations of stress levels, or to subtle priming Van Ijzendoorn, M.H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (in press). Genetic differential susceptibility on trial: Metaanalytic support from randomized controlled experiments. Development and Psychopathology.
34 CONCLUSIONS --Implications for Intervention: Efficacy vs. Equity? --Pharmacological interventions for the less susceptible?
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