Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia
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1 Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia
2 What Criteria Should We Use? Tied to the strengths and advantages of cognitive neuroscience tools Relevant for treatment development Not tied to established psychometric or task properties Not constrained by absence of evidence (as opposed to evidence of absence)
3 Possible Criteria for Cognitive Mechanisms Readily measured in humans Strong evidence of impairment in schizophrenia Linked to functional outcome in schizophrenia Clarity of the understanding/specification of the cognitive system/mechanism Clarity of the link to a specific neural circuit Measures practically amenable for use in human imaging studies Link to neural systems in humans through functional neuroimaging Link to neural systems in humans through neuropsychopharmacology Linked to the signs and/or symptoms of schizophrenia Evidence for amenability to improvement in schizophrenia Degree of homology between the human and animal models Linked to neural system in animals through neuropsychopharmacology Clarity of the link to a specific neurotransmitter system Availability of an explicit animal model Link to neural systems in humans through neuropsychology (e.g., lesion studies) Formal similarity between the measures in humans and animals Associated with schizophrenia relevant genetic polymorphisms Linked to neural system in animals through electrophysiological studies Linked to neural system in animals through lesion studies (reversible or not)
4 Rating Scale
5 Results of Survey Criteria Total (N=141) Academics (N=125) Industry (N=16) Readily measured in humans 3.40 (1) 3.41 (1) 3.31 (2) Strong evidence of impairment in schizophrenia 3.35 (2) 3.34 (2) 3.50 (1) Linked to functional outcome in schizophrenia 2.79 (3) 2.78 (4) 2.88 (6) Clarity of the understanding/specification of the cognitive 2.76 (4) 2.80 (3) 2.50 (9) system/mechanism Clarity of the link to a specific neural circuit 2.48 (5) 2.50 (5) 2.25(13) Measures practically amenable for use in human imaging studies 2.41 (6) 2.44 (6) 2.19 (14) Link to neural systems in humans through functional 2.41 (7) 2.35 (7) 2.56 (7) neuroimaging Link to neural systems in humans through 2.36 (8) 2.35 (8) 2.44 (10) neuropsychopharmacology Linked to the signs and/or symptoms of schizophrenia 2.35 (9) 2.26 (9) 3.0 (4) Evidence for amenability to improvement in schizophrenia 2.26 (10) 2.25 (10) 2.44 (11) Degree of homology between the human and animal models 2.14 (11) 2.04 (12) 2.94 (5) Linked to neural system in animals through neuropsychopharmacology 2.11 (12) 2.05 (11) 2.56 (8) Clarity of the link to a specific neurotransmitter system 2.06 (13) 2.02 (13) 2.38 (12) Availability of an explicit animal model 2.06 (14) 1.92 (5) 3.13 (3) Link to neural systems in humans through neuropsychology 1.92 (15) 1.98 (14) 1.50 (18) Formal similarity between the measures in humans and animals 1.79 (16) 1.78 (16) 1.94 (15) Associated with schizophrenia relevant genetic polymorphisms 1.76 (17) 1.78 (17) 1.69 (16) Linked to neural system in animals through electrophysiological studies 1.72 (18) 1.76 (18) 1.44 (19) Linked to neural system in animals through lesion studies 1.71 (19) 1.73 (19) 1.56 (17)
6 Results of Survey Criteria
7 Initial Construct List Broad coverage Starting point, not an ending point Input from individuals with diverse backgrounds Human and animal researchers Clinical and basic researchers Academic and Industry
8 What is in your folder? Survey results for total sample Survey results by field Animal and human cognitive neuroscience Cognitive neuroscience of schizophrenia Other (sorry!)
9 Perception Steve Dakin,, Dan Javitt Visual motion processing Visual form processing Visual feature binding Gestalt processing Auditory perception
10 Working Memory Ed Smith, Sohee Park Storage Updating Manipulation Control processing
11 Long-term Learning and Memory Anthony Wagner, Paul Fletcher, Charan Ranganath Encoding (including item and relational) Retrieval (item specific and relational) Source memory Strategy generation and application Recollection Familiarity Semantic memory/representations Semantic priming Reinforcement based learning
12 Attention Steve Luck, Jim Gold Attention shifting Selection under distraction Preparatory attention
13 Executive Control Todd Braver, Keith Nuechterlein Set-shifting Sequencing Conflict monitoring Conflict resolution Meta-cognition Planning
14 Social Cognitive Processing (broadly defined) Kevin Ochsner,, Michael Green Facial affect recognition Emotion regulation Effects of emotion on decision making and memory Theory of mind
15 Post Discussion Ratings We will ask you to rate again at the end of the breakout session Adding in or deleting constructs
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