Definitions. Appendix A

Transcription

1 Definitions Appendix A 1. Blood means human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood. 2. Bloodborne Pathogens means pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, Hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 3. Clinical Laboratory means a workplace where diagnostic or other screening procedures are performed on blood or other potentially infectious materials. 4. Contaminated means the presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface. 5. Contaminated clothing means laundry that has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps. 6. Contaminated sharps means any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin, including, but not limited to needles, razors, tools, instruments and broken glass. 7. Decontamination means the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal. 8. Engineering Control is the use of available technology and devices (e.g., sharps, disposal containers), that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace. 9. Exposure Incident means a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contract with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee s duties. 10. Handwashing facilities means a facility providing an adequate supply of running potable water, soap and single use towels or hot air drying machines. 11. Licensed Healthcare Professional is a person whose legally permitted scope of practice allows him or her to independently perform post-exposure evaluation and follow-up. 12. HBV means hepatitis B virus. 13. HIV means human immunodeficiency virus. 14. Occupational Exposure means reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee s duties.

2 15. Universal Precautions refers to a method of infection control in which all human blood and other potentially infectious materials are treated as if known to be infectious for HBV and HIV. 16. Body Substance Precautions includes blood, feces, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, or vomitus 17. Work Practice Controls are alterations in the manner in which a task is performed in an effort to reduce the likelihood of a worker s exposure to blood or other body fluids.

3 Bloodborne Pathogens Fact Sheet Appendix B Diseases: Hepatitis B (HBV) is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system and causes the disease AIDS. Epidemiology: HBV Hepatitis B Potentially life threatening bloodborne pathogen. Approximately 300,000 HBV infections per year in the U.S. About 10,000 of them will be hospitalized. About 250 of them will die, mostly from liver failure. Of every 100 adults who catch HBV, 6 to 10 become chronic carriers. About 0ne-fourth of Hepatitis B carriers develop a disease called chronic active hepatitis. These people often get cirrhosis of the liver, and many die from liver failure. In addition, they are much more likely than other people to get cancer of the liver. Hepatitis B virus can live on surfaces at room temperature for 7 days. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Life threatening bloodborne pathogen People who become infected with HIV may carry the virus without developing symptoms for several years. People with HIV will eventually develop AIDS. Over 800,000 cases of AIDS in the U.S. and is the leading cause of deaths in young males in Massachusetts. People with HIV may develop AIDS-related illnesses including neurological problems, cancer and other opportunistic diseases. Not as infectious as HBV, because there are fewer numbers of the HIV in body fluids. Very fragile virus can be easily destroyed on an environmental surface. Risk Groups (Much the same for both diseases) Homosexual/Bisexual males IV drug users Heterosexual contact with someone infected with either virus Receiving blood products before blood was screened for HIV and HBV Healthcare and other professions

4 Modes of Transmission: Sexual contact involving the sharing of body fluids. Needlestick or contact with blood through mucous membranes and non-intact skin. Perinatally from mother to baby Organ transplantation Body Fluids That Transmit Bloodborne Diseases: Blood Breast milk Amniotic fluid Cerebrospinal fluid Pericardial fluid pleural fluid Peritoneal fluid Saliva Semen Synovial fluid Vaginal secretions Any fluid visibly contaminated with blood Other potentially infectious material also includes any unfixed human tissue or organ and cell or tissue culture containing HIV or HBV. HBV: Signs and Symptoms: Fatigue Loss of appetite Mild fever Aching muscles, joints Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Jaundice Itching skin or skin rashes Dark urine or light colored feces Abdominal pain Jaundice ***If symptoms show up, they will do so 6 weeks to 6 months after exposure and you may have symptoms for weeks to months.

5 HIV Swollen lymph glands Recurrent fever, night sweats Rapid weight loss for no apparent reason Constant fatigue Diarrhea Decreased appetite Yeast infections or other blemishes of the mouth Other opportunistic illnesses will occur which means the person now has full blown AIDS Examples of these are Kaposi s sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A great majority of people with both diseases have no symptoms, so they don t know they are infected. Prevention Stop/avoid IV drug use Abstinence Safe sex Safe work practices Universal precautions Personal protective equipment Hepatitis B Vaccination Management and Follow-up of exposures

6 Seekonk Public School Hepatitis B Immunization Program Appendix C Consent: I have read or have had explained to me information about Hepatitis B and the Hepatitis B vaccine. I have had a chance to ask questions that were answered to my satisfaction. I understand the benefits and risks of the Hepatitis B vaccine and request that it be given to me. (PLEASE PRINT) Last Name First Name MI Birth Date/Age Street Address City State Zip Code Home Phone Name of School/Department Telephone # Signature of Person to Receive Vaccine Date 1. Date of Immunization Signature of clinician 2. Date of Immunization Signature of Clinician 3. Date of immunization Signature of Clinician Booster Date of Immunization Signature of Clinician

7 Hepatitis B Vaccine Declination I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials, I may be at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine at no charge to myself. However, I decline Hepatitis B vaccination at this time. I understand that by declining this vaccine, I continue to be at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B, a serious disease. If in the future I continue to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I want to be vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine, I can receive the vaccination series at no charge to me. I do not wish to receive the Hepatitis B vaccine at this time. Signature Date

8 Bloodborne Pathogens Efficacy of Treatment Appendix D Hepatitis B Vaccination Available vaccines stimulate active immunity against HBV infection and provide over 90% protection against hepatitis B for 7 or more years following vaccination. Hepatitis B vaccines also are 70-80% effective when given within one weeks after HBV exposure. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), a preparation of immunoglobulin with high levels of antibody to HBV (anti-hbs), provides temporary passive protection following exposure to HBV. Combination treatment with hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG is over 90% effective in preventing hepatitis B following a documented exposure. The most common side effect observed with the vaccine has been soreness at the injection site. A small percentage of people may get a fever. As with any drug there is always a chance of an allergic or more serious reaction. HBIG has been associated with hives and swelling. No serious reactions have been shown to occur due to the hepatitis B recombinant vaccines (most commonly used, genetically reproduced part of HBV is grown in yeast). A person cannot get hepatitis B or AIDS or HIV from a hepatitis B or from an HBIG immunization. Data is not available on the safety of hepatitis B vaccines for the developing fetus. Because the vaccine contains only non-infectious particles, there should be no risk to the fetus. In contrast, HBV infection of a pregnant woman may result in severe disease for the mother and chronic infection of the newborn. Therefore, pregnancy or breastfeeding is not considered a contraindication to the use of this vaccine for persons who are otherwise eligible. However, it is recommended that pregnant or nursing women discuss the vaccine with their private physician.

9 Seekonk Public Schools Blood and Body Fluid Exposure Reporting Form Appendix E Name of Exposed Worker Date/Time of Incident School/Department Principal/Supervisor School/Department Phone Number Employee s Job Title/Duties at Time of Exposure Employee s Home Phone Number Exposure Route: Blood Sputum Saliva Feces Urine Other Description of Exposure Have you received Hepatitis B vaccine? Date of last tetanus booster Were you wearing personal protective equipment? Describe Did you seek medical attention? When? Where? Signature of Exposed Employee Signature of Supervisor/Principal Signature of School Nurse

10 Seekonk Public School Employee Classification Appendix F Category A Those jobs in which ALL employees have occupational exposure Job title School Nurses Coaches/Advisors Health Secretary Pre-School Special Education Custodial Staff Supervisory Aides School Secretaries Art Teachers Athletic trainer Crisis Intervention Team Members Restraint Team Members Identified Special Education- Teachers/Aides Tasks Where Exposure May Occur Student/Staff contact body fluid spills/sharps sharps/ Category B Those jobs in which SOME employees may have occupational exposure. Job Title Physical Education Teachers Special Education Teachers Home Economics Teachers Science Teachers Music Teachers Tasks Where Exposure May Occur Student contact with injuries injuries injuries/sharps injuries/sharps cleaning instruments

11 Category C Those jobs in which employees MAY have an exposure. All other employees Policy reviewed and revised November 26, 2007 Policy reviewed and revised February 12, 2014