G Glycopeptides, Glycosylation, 360

Transcription

1 A Aaphylactoid reaction, 14 ACE inhibitor-related angioedema, 33 Acute allergic reactions, Acute coronary syndromes, 201 AERD. See Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease Allergy, food. See Food allergy Aminoglycosides, 334 Anaerobic metabolism complication, Angioedema, 15 Antibiotics diagnosis, 191 beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, 190 sulfonamide and vancomycin, 191 drug allergy biological tests, clinical history, 184 operating procedures and preventive measures, provocation and skin tests, 185 drug hypersensitivity, 183 Antifungals, Antigen, mast cells, 63 Antihistamines, 304 Antitubercular drugs, 337 Apical ballooning syndrome, 202 ASA/NSAID AERD (see Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease) asthma and rhinitis, 120 characteristics, in children, COX-2 isolated reactions, cutaneous reactions, cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), 120 definition, desensitization and AERD, ASA, events, local nasal, 129 and diagnostics, 125 LTMDs, mediators involved, in normal individuals, 120 NSAID reactions, side effects, 127 treatment options, urticaria/angioedema, 120 Aspirin (ASA). See ASA/NSAID Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) aggressive airway disease, 122 characteristics, in children, COX-2 isolated reactions, cutaneous reactions, definition, desensitization, and desensitization, and diagnostics, 125 LTMDs, mediators involved, NSAID reactions, side effects, 127 treatment options, B Basophil activation test (BAT), 225 Basophils, 145 biology activation, extravasation, 83 IL-3 effect, life span, 83 morphology and biochemistry, ontogeny, 82 signal transduction, evidence human anaphylaxis, 92 murine models of anaphylaxis, location circulation, peripheral blood, tissues migration, allergic reactions, 92 mediators histamine, 90 IL-4, 91 M.C. Castells (ed.), Anaphylaxis and Hypersensitivity Reactions, DOI / , Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

2 356 Basophils, (cont.) leukotriene C4, 90 platelet-activating factor (PAF), receptors, 91 BAT. See Basophil activation test Beta-lactams chemical structure, desensitizations, prick and intradermal test, Bezold-Jarisch reflex, 203 Biomarker carboxypeptidase A3, 22 plasma histamine and urinary histamine, 21 platelet activating factor, 22 tryptase, 21 Biphasic anaphylaxis, 202 C Carboxypeptidase A3, 111, 112 Carcinoid syndromes, Cardiac arrest, Cathepsin C. See Dipeptidylpeptidase I (DPPI) Cetuximab, Chemical mediators arachidonic acid metabolites, 50 histamine and tryptase, nitric oxide, Chymases basophils, protease mediators, 105 human, 105 mouse, rat, Cladribine, 276 Colorectal cancer, 316 Corticosteroids, 165, 212 Cow s milk allergy, 161, 170 COX-2 isolated reactions, Cpg motifs, 176 Cre recombinase, 62 Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), 120 D Degranulation, mast cells, 64, 65 Delayed reactions, hymenoptera venom stings, 223 Desensitization. See Drug desensitization Desensitizations aminoglycosides, 334 antifungals, antitubercular drugs, 337 antiviral, beta-lactams, glycopeptides, indications cellular and molecular targets, non-ige-mediated, 327 type I HSRs, linezolid, macrolides, principles and protocols, 328 quinolone, 334 rapid intravenous, 326 safety measures, 329 signs and symptoms, sulfonamides, Diagnoses, anaphylaxis antibiotic anaphylaxis, 191 beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, 190 sulfonamide and vancomycin, 191 biomarker carboxypeptidase A3, 22 plasma histamine and urinary histamine, 21 platelet activating factor, 22 tryptase, 21 flushing, 19 histamine, 19 scombroidosis, vasodepressor reaction, 19 Differential diagnosis idiopathic anaphylaxis exercise-induced anaphylaxis, 238 food allergy, 238 hereditary angioedema, 240 medication, 240 undifferentiated somatoform, 241 vocal cord dysfunction, Dipeptidylpeptidase I (DPPI), Diphenhydramine, 167 Drug desensitization. See also Desensitizations definition, and hypersensitivity carboplatin and cisplatin, oxaliplatin, 316 taxanes, mechanism, 310 monoclonal antibodies infliximab, 319 rituximab, 318 subtypes, 318 procedures number and severity, reactions, step drug desensitization protocol, 312 skin testing, Drug hypersensitivity, 183 D816V KIT mutation, 263 E Effector cells. See Mast cells EGFR. See Epidermal growth factor receptor Egg allergy, 170 Endopeptidases cathepsin G, 106 chymases, basophils, 105 human chymases, 105 human mast cell tryptases, human soluble tryptases, 110

3 mast cell tryptase humans, rats and mice, mouse chymases, rat chymases, Epidemiology factors, for allergic reactions, fatal anaphylaxis, 30 fatal recurrent reactions, non-fatal anaphylaxis studies, prevalence and incidence, 27 self-injectible epinephrine, UK fatal anaphylaxis register acute allergic reactions, 35 angioedema, 33 dominant mode of death, 34 drugs, 36 primary respiratory arrest, shock, 35 time of death, 35 triggering agent, 33 wrong diagnosis, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Epinephrine pharmacologic management, acute anaphylaxis dosing, indications and toxicity, 300 route of administration, 301 Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAn) clinical manifestations causative foods, 249 co-triggers, 249 signs and symptoms, triggering activities, 248 definition, 247 differential diagnosis, 251 evaluation and diagnosis, management fundamentals, pharmacologic therapy, 253 subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy, 252 pathophysiology, 250 prevalence, 250 prognosis, 253 Exopeptidases carboxypeptidase A3, 111 dipeptidylpeptidase I (DPPI), F Fatal anaphylaxis autopsy findings, 54 epidemiology, 30 (see also Epidemiology) Fce RI-mediated signal transduction Fyn kinase, 85 Lyn kinase and Syk kinase, 85 MAP kinase pathway, 86 nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), SH-2-containing 5 inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1), 86 Fcg(gamma)RIIb-dependent inhibition, 147 Fish allergy, 161 Fluconazole and itraconazole, Flushing angioedematous swelling, 284 carcinoid syndromes, MCAD, 288 MCT, medications, 289 non-ige anaphylaxis, pheochromocytomas, 288 scombrotoxism, 289 signs, symptoms and pathophysiology, 284 systemic mastocytosis, Food allergy allergens and route of exposure, 159 in children anaphylaxis, biphasic reactions, 165 clinical presentation, 164 risk factors, 164 clinical presentation differential diagnosis, 163 onset of symptoms, 162 patterns of anaphylaxis, 163 diagnosis, epidemiology, 158 fatal anaphylaxis, natural history, 170 pathophysiology allergenicity, of food antigens, intestinal antigen uptake, murine models, 160 pharmacologic treatment, 167 prevention, education and emergency treatment plan, 169 risk factors, therapies humanized monoclonal anti-ige, ISS-conjugated allergen administration, 176 oral immunotherapy, plasmid DNA (pdna), 176 with recombinant engineered food proteins, 175 subcutaneous peanut immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 171 Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. See Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAn) Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), 347 Fyn kinase, 85 G Glycopeptides, Glycosylation, 360

4 358 H Health-related quality of life (HRQL), 230 Heart bradycardia, non-pharmacologic myocardial ischemia, 53 Heat-killed E. Coli, 170 Histamine basophils, 90 mast cells, 63, 64 Humanized monoclonal anti-ige, Human mast cell tryptases, Hymenoptera-induced hypersensitivity reactions diagnosis CAST-ELISA test, 225 skin tests and venom-specific IgE, 224 epidemiology, 223 fatalities, 224 negative allergy tests, 226 positive allergy tests, protein and peptide components, 222 psychogenic reactions, 223 systemic reactions, 223 taxonomy, hymenoptera insects, 222 VIT treatment contraindications, 227 duration, 229 efficacy, 230 mastocytosis, 231 patient selection, safety, 229 treatment protocols, 228 venom selection, I Idiopathic anaphylaxis age distribution, 236 classification, 241 definition, 235 differential diagnosis exercise-induced anaphylaxis, 238 food allergy, 238 (see also Food allergy) hereditary angioedema, 240 medication, 240 undifferentiated somatoform, 241 vocal cord dyfunction, pathogenesis codeine, 237 HRFs, 237 mast cell numbers, symptoms, 238, 239 tryptase level, prevalence, treatment education, 243 management algorithm, prednisone, IgE-dependent and independent effector mechanisms human anaphylaxis clinical implications, complement-dependent, 150 dependent, IgE-mediated, independent, 149 murine models advantages and disadvantages, basophils, 145 clinical implications, complement-dependent anaphylaxis, 146 controversial and confusing issues, Fcg(gamma)RIIb-dependent inhibition, 147 IgE-IgG interactions, IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, IgG-mediated anaphylaxis, passive systemic anaphylaxis, IgE/IgG1 dependent passive local anaphylaxis, 67 IL-4, 91 IL-3 effect, Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, x-linked (IPEX) syndrome, 347 Immune/nonimmune mechanisms, Immunopathologic mechanisms, Inhaled albuterol, 304 Interferon-alpha, 276 Intestinal anaphylaxis, Intradermal tests (IDTs), 207 Intravenous epinephrine, 301 IPEX. See Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, x-linked syndrome ISS-conjugated allergen administration, 176 K Kounis syndrome. See Acute coronary syndromes L Large local reaction, hymenoptera venom stings, 223 Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), 90 Leukotriene-modifying drugs (LTMDs), Linezolid, Lyn kinase and Syk kinase, 85 M Macrolides, , Management, anaphylaxis anti-ige allergic diseases, 363 mechanism of action, safety and efficacy, 363 arginine vasopressin, bronchospasm, catecholamines, 212

5 epinephrine and fluid therapy, 211 immunoglobulin E (IgE), relevance causes and treatment, recombinant therapies, 361 MAP kinase pathway, 86 Mast cell activation syndromes clinical manifestations cardiovascular, 261 constitutional, 262 gastrointestinal, 261 hematopoietic and immune systems, 262 musculoskeletal, 261 respiratory, 260 skin and soft tissues, symptoms, 259 urinary, 262 diagnostic approach, disorders, disorders, mechanisms, Mast cells active systemic/local anaphylaxis, biology, Cre recombinase, 62 deficiency, in mice, 62 IgE-dependent passive systemic anaphylaxis, IgE/IgG1 dependent passive local anaphylaxis, 67 immune/nonimmune mechanisms, intestinal anaphylaxis, isolation method, 61 kit-related phenotypic abnormalities, 62 mast-cell effector function, mouse models, anaphylaxis, 63 peanut allergy, 70 in vivo relevance, 62 Mastocytosis, 240, 270. See also Mast cell activation syndromes allergy, 271 anaphylaxis adults and children, 272 hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis, idiopathic anaphylaxis and triggers, 273 surgical procedures and general anesthesia, VIT, 274 categories, 270 KIT mutation, 271 treatment anesthesia, cladribine and interferon-alpha, 276 omalizumab, 277 systemic therapy, 276 MCT. See Medullary carcinoma of thyroid Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (MCT), Monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome (MMAS), 264 Mouse chymases, N Non-immunologic anaphylaxis, 48 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). See ASA/NSAID Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), 88 O Omalizumab, 277, Ontogeny basophils, 82 Oral immunotherapy, Organ damage. See Pathophysiology and organ damage Oxaliplatin, 316 P Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 209 Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), 67 Pathophysiology and organ damage anaerobic metabolism complicates, autopsy findings, fatal anaphylaxis, 54 chemical mediators arachidonic acid metabolites, 50 histamine and tryptase, nitric oxide, heart bradycardia, non-pharmacologic myocardial ischemia, 53 immunopathologic mechanisms, non-immunologic anaphylaxis, 48 respiratory effects, 54 shock organs, Peanut allergy, mast cells, 70 Penicillin V (PCN), 94 Pharmacologic management, acute anaphylaxis algorithmic approach, anaphylaxis prevention, 306 antihistamines, 304 cardiac arrest, clinical criteria, dopamine, 305 epinephrine (DP) dosing, indications and toxicity, 300 route of administration, 301 fluid management, glucagon, 304 inhaled albuterol, 304 oxygen, 303 systemic corticosteroids, 304 ventilation, 305 Pheochromocytomas, 288 Phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Plasmid DNA (pdna), food allergy, 176 Platelet-activating factor (PAF), 63, Prick skin test, 170

6 360 Protease mediators carboxypeptidase A3, 111, 112 cathepsin G, 106 chymases, basophils, 105 dipeptidylpeptidase I (DPPI), human chymases, 105 human mast cell tryptases, human soluble tryptases, 110 mast cell tryptase humans, rats and mice, mouse chymases, rat chymases, Psychogenic reactions, hymenoptera venom stings, 223 Q Quinolones, 190, 334 R Radiological procedures and peri-operative setting definition, diagnosis acute coronary syndromes, 201 apical ballooning syndrome, 202 clinical differences, clinical severity scale, 201 grade reactions, 201 neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), 200 predictive criteria, 203 in vitro biochemical tests, 206 in vivo biochemical tests, 205 epidemiology gadolinium contrast agents, hyperosmolar ionic iodinated contrast media, 198 ionic vs. non-ionic contrast media, perioperative setting, 200 management arginine vasopressin, bronchospasm, catecholamines, 212 epinephrine, 211 fluid therapy, 211 premedication anesthetic drugs, 212 iodinated contrast agents, skin testing antibiotic and local anesthetics, 209 aprotinin and dyes, 210 contrast agents, 210 hypnotics and latex, 209 NMBAs, non-reactive anesthetic drugs, 207, 208 opioids, 209 protamine and antiseptics, 210 Rat chymases, Recombinant engineered food proteins, allergy, 175 Respiratory effects, 54 RMCPI and II, S Scombrotoxism, 289 Self-injectible epinephrine, SH-2-containing 5 inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1), Shellfish allergy, 161 Shock organs, Signal transduction. See Fce RI-mediated signal transduction Skin tests antibiotic anaphylaxis, 185 biopsy, 260 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), 66 Stem cell factor (SCF), 60 Subcutaneous peanut immunotherapy, Sublingual immunotherapy, Sulfonamides, 191, Syk kinase dynamics and variability, and Lyn kinase, 85 regulation, 87 Systemic corticosteroids, 304 Systemic mastocytosis, 263 Systemic reactions, 223 T Tako-Tsubo syndrome. See Apical ballooning syndrome Taxanes, Tobramycin, 334 Tolerance, food-induced anaphylaxis. See also Food allergy antigen processing, gastrointestinal tract, 347, 348 development factors gut flora, 351 host and its age, route of allergen exposure, 350 solubility, 350 immunology and oral tolerance, 346 mechanisms, oral tolerance allergic sensitization vs. oral tolerance, 347, 349 IPEX, 347 lymphocyte anergy, 350 potential therapeutic strategies allergen immunotherapy, 352 IL-10, 351 oral immunotherapy, 352, 353 peanut protein allergens, 353 Toxic reactions, hymenoptera venom stings, 223 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 171 Tryptases. See Protease mediators U Urticarial syndromes anaphylaxis symptoms, 290 cholinergic urticaria, 290 cold, drugs, vaccine and vespids, 291

7 V Vancomycin, 191 Vasodilatation, 203 Venom immunotherapy (VIT) hymenoptera stings contraindications, 227 duration, 229 efficacy, patient selection, safety, 229 treatment protocols, 228 venom selection, W Wheat allergy, 170