contact activation in formation diseases 67 endothelial cells and kinin formation 73 processing and degradation 68 70

Transcription

1 Subject Index Adenosine, mast cell activation modulation 60 Age, risk factor 17, 18 Allergen elicitors 9, 10 insects, see Insect venom-induced microarrays for 136 overview of characteristics 23 recognition by immune system dendritic cell subsets 26 T-cell interactions immunoglobulin E suppression by interleukin-10 and Tregs 36 pathogen-associated molecular patterns activation signals 28, 29 B-cell interactions 35, 36 late-phase reactions 36, 37 subsets Treg suppression of effector cells 34, 35 Allergy, see also specific allergies after 9 Analgesics, see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Anesthesia-induced allergic reaction investigation histamine 187 skin tests 187 tryptase 187 causal agents local anesthetics 185, 186 neuromuscular blocking agents non-immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions 185, 186 clinical features epidemiology 181 local anesthetics clinical features 192 history 197 in vitro testing 197 provocation testing 197 skin testing 194, 195 hypersensitivity reactions contact allergy 193, 194 immunoglobulin-e-mediated 193 pseudo-allergic reactions 194 overview 190, 191 pharmacologic effects 193 psychosomatic involvement 195, 196 reverse placebo provocation 196, 197 structures 191, 192 toxicity 193 overview 180, 181 susceptible populations 183 Angioedema, see also C1 inhibitor deficiency angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induction 79 rare hereditary forms 79 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors induction 80 angioedema induction 79 Anisakis extract, induction and 133 Antigen-presenting cell, see also Dendritic cell allergen recognition 24 Antihistamines, management 205 Aprotinin, hypersensitivity

2 Aspirin, see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Asthma, aspirin-induced clinical features , 174 prevention and treatment 175, 176 Atopy, risk factor 18 Atropine, management 206 Basophil role alternative pathway without mast cells and immunoglobulin E 90, 91 human studies 94 immunoglobulin-g-mediated systemic platelet-activating factor release 93, 94 cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity 86 cytokine production 87 humoral memory response enhancement 88 immunoglobulin-e-mediated chronic allergic inflammation initiation 88, 89 markers 86 mast cell similarities 85, 86 Th2 cell differentiation role 87, 88 Basophil activation test, 128, 129, 133 B-cell, T-cell interactions and immunoglobulin E production 35, 36 Biphasic anaphylactic reaction, epidemiology 17 Bradykinin role 79, 80 C1 inhibitor deficiency, see C1 inhibitor deficiency cell surface assembly of plasma kininforming cascade 72, 73 contact activation in formation diseases 67 endothelial cells and kinin formation 73 processing and degradation C1 inhibitor deficiency acquired deficiency 77, 78 angioedema 73, 74 causes and heredity 74, molecular genetics 75 pathogenesis 76, 77 treatment 78, 79 Calcium flux, FcεRI signaling 52, 53 Carboxypeptidase A3, 128 Cardiac manifestations 98, 99 histamine H 1 receptor activation and coronary hemodynamics 104, 105 histamine infusion effects on cardiovascular system 103, 104 leukotrienes and hemodynamic effects 105 Cardiac mast cell, see Mast cell Chlorhexidine induction and 132 hypersensitivity 185 Chymase, 127, 128 Complement, see also C1 inhibitor deficiency heart mast cell activation 102 mast cell activation modulation 61 Cutaneous mastocytosis, see Mastocytosis Dendritic cell functional overview 23 pattern recognition receptors 24 subsets 26 interactions polarization 25, 26 Differential, anaphylactic reactions 8 Drug allergy, β-lactam antibiotics 129 neuromuscular blocking agents nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 131, 132 epidemiology 15, 16 Dyes, hypersensitivity 186 Ecallantide, C1 inhibitor deficiency management 78 Education, risk patients 219 Endothelial cell, kinin formation 73 Epidemiology, biphasic anaphylactic reaction 17 data sources 12, 13 drug allergy 15, 16 food allergy limitations of study 13 risk factors age 17, 18 atopy 18 Subject Index 225

3 Epidemiology, (continued) geography 18 predisposing factors 17 sex differences 18, 19 socioeconomic status 19 sting-induced 16, 17 Epinephrine, management dosing autoinjector incorrect injection 217, 218 intramuscular 214, 215 intravenous 215, 217 number of doses 216 emergency action plan 218, 219 evidence for use 213, 214 overview , 211 pharmacologic activity 212, 213 prospects for study 219, 220 response 218 stability of solutions 217 therapeutic window 213 Factor XII, bradykinin formation 69 FcεRI binding affinity 48, 49 modulators of mast cell activation adenosine 60 complement 61 immunoglobulin E enhancement of receptor expression 57, 58 stem cell factor 59, 60 variability in response 58, 59 signaling in immunoglobulin-e-dependent calcium flux 52, 53 membrane fusion events 53, 54 negative regulators overview 49, 50 proximal signaling events Fluid therapy, management 205, 206 Food allergy, epidemiology Gelatin, hypersensitivity 186 General anesthesia, see Anesthesia-induced Geographic distribution, risk factors 18 Glucagon, management 206 Glucocorticosteroids, management 204, 205 Grading, 7 Heart mast cell, see Mast cell Hereditary angioedema, see C1 inhibitor deficiency High molecular weight kininogen, bradykinin formation Histamine 126, 187 cardiovascular effects of infusion 103, 104 receptor antagonists in management 205 synthesis, see Mast cell Historical perspective, 2 4 Hypnotics, hypersensitivity 185 Icatibant, C1 inhibitor deficiency management 78 Immunoglobulin E modulation 4 assays 136 basophils and chronic allergic inflammation initiation 88, 89 B-cell/T-cell interactions and production 35, 36 receptor, see FcεRI suppression by interleukin-10 and Tregs 36 Immunoglobulin G assays 136 immune complex reaction 4, 5 mediated systemic and basophils Immunotherapy venom immunotherapy efficacy and safety indications 153, 154 protocols and duration 154 Insect venom-induced allergens ants 147 bees 146 overview 145, 146 recombinant allergens 147, 148 wasps and hornets 146, 147 clinical presentation 148 history 149, 150 overview 13, Subject Index

4 skin tests 150, 151 sting provocation tests 151 epidemiology 16, 17, 148, 149 immunotherapy efficacy and safety indications 153, 154 protocols and duration 154 insect taxonomy and biology ants 144 bees 142 overview 141, 142 wasps and hornets 143, 144 natural history 149, 150 prevention 151 Interleukin-10, immunoglobulin E suppression 36 c-kit mastocytosis mutations 111, 112 mutant mice 46, 48 β-lactam antibiotics, induction and 129, 185 Latex allergy 185 induction and 133 Leukotrienes heart mast cell synthesis 101 hemodynamic effects 105 Mast cell heart mast cell activation 102, 103 role 103 cytokine synthesis 101, 102 histamine synthesis 99, 100 histology 99, 100 isolation 99 leukotrienes hemodynamic effects 105 synthesis 101 prostaglandin D 2 synthesis 101 protease synthesis 100 renin expression 100, 101 immunoglobulin E receptor, see FcεRI mouse/human differences 47 prospects for study 62, 63 secretory stages 5 Mastocytosis clinical features 116, 117 elicitors 117, 118 susceptibility 110, 116 treatment 116, 117 clinical features cutaneous involvement 112, 113 mast cell mediator-induced symptoms 115, 116 World Health Organization classification of systemic involvement , 118, 119 epidemiology 111 management aggressive mastocytosis 122 avoidance of triggers 120, 121 mast cell mediator-induced symptoms 121 skin lesions 121, 122 pathogenesis 111, 112 Medical identification, risk patients 219 Modular antigen translocation, vaccines 27 Mortality, 8, 149 Mouse models, human mast cell differences 47 overview 46, 48, 49 Münchausen s syndrome 10 Neuromuscular blocking agents, induction and , 184, 185 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hypersensitivity allergic anaphylactic reactions 177 induction and 131, 132 aspirin adverse reactions asthma clinical features , 174 prevention and treatment 175, 176 cross-reactions with other analgesics 174, 175 overview 173 urticaria/angioedema 176 chemical classification 172 history of study pyrazolones 176, 177 structures 171 Opioids, hypersensitivity 185 Subject Index 227

5 Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, allergens 24, 25 Platelet-activating factor 128 basophil release in immunoglobulin-gmediated systemic 93, 94 Prekallikrein, bradykinin formation 69, 70 Protamine, hypersensitivity 186 Radiocontrast media hypersensitivity classification of adverse reactions 158, 159 clinical presentation 159, 160 immediate reactions 165 non-immediate reactions 166 frequency 157, 158 pathophysiology immediate reactions non-immediate reactions prevention 167 Regulatory, see Reverse placebo provocation 196, 197 Sex differences, risk factor 18, 19 Skin testing anesthesia-induced hypersensitivity 194, 195 insect venom 150, 151 Socioeconomic status, risk factor 19 Stem cell factor mast cell activation modulation 59, 60 receptor, see c-kit Stings, see Insect venom-induced Symptoms, classification by severity 7 differential of reactions 8 elicitors 9, 10 overview 7 prevalence by type 6 activation signals 28, 29 B-cell interactions and immunoglobulin E production 35, 36 basophils and Th2 cell differentiation role 87, 88 dendritic cell interactions polarization role 25, 26 late-phase reactions 36, 37 radiocontrast media hypersensitivity pathophysiology 164 subsets Th1 29 Th2 29, 30 Th9 31 Th17 30, 31 Tregs Treg suppression of effector cells 34, 35 Toll-like receptors, types and functions 24, 25 Tryptase, 126, 127, 187 Vassopressin, management Subject Index