Website: websites.rcc.edu/halama Lecture 1 Self-Evaluation and Healthy Change

Transcription

1 Website: websites.rcc.edu/halama Lecture 1 Self-Evaluation and Healthy Change 2 1

2 Lecture 1 1. Health vs. Wellness 2. DNA and Genes 3. Inheritance 4. Lifestyle Health Choices 5. Public Health 3 Health vs. Wellness 4 2

3 Health and Wellness Health - the state of being free from illness or injury. Actually, a bit more complicated than this 5 Health and Wellness 1. Physical Health Biological 6 3

4 Health and Wellness 2. Mental Health - Emotional, Intellectual, etc 7 Health and Wellness 3. Social Health - People, Social Environment 8 4

5 Health and Wellness 4. Spiritual Health Value Systems 9 Health and Wellness 5. Environmental Health - the condition of the environment in a particular region, especially as regards ecological diversity or pollution. 10 5

6 Health and Wellness Health - state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being. 11 Health and Wellness Wellness - process of adopting patterns of behavior; to improved health and heightened life satisfaction 12 6

7 The Wellness Continuum 13 The Wellness Continuum 14 7

8 The Wellness Continuum Standard Western Medicine vs. Salutogenesis Salutogenesis - focusing on factors that support human health and well-being, rather than on factors that cause disease The Ecological Model of Health and Wellness Addresses interrelationship between individual and environment Individual - unique set of characteristics, (e.g. genetics, age, and knowledge) (Intrinsic) Environment - relationships with people, and community affiliations (Extrinsic) Many social determinants of health influence the options you have and the choices you make 16 8

9 The Ecological Model of Health and Wellness 17 DNA and Genes (Intrinsic) 18 9

10 DNA and Genes The nucleus of every human cell contains an entire set of genetic instructions stored in our DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) 19 DNA and Genes DNA has four building blocks that can be arranged (like words in a sentence) to form a distinct message (gene) that acts as the body s instruction booklet 20 10

11 DNA and Genes DNA has four building blocks that can be arranged (like words in a sentence) to form a distinct message (gene) that acts as the body s instruction booklet 21 DNA and Genes DNA has four building blocks that can be arranged (like words in a sentence) to form a distinct message (gene) that acts as the body s instruction booklet 22 11

12 DNA and Genes DNA has four building blocks that can be arranged (like words in a sentence) to form a distinct message (gene) that acts as the body s instruction booklet 23 How Many Genes? Human beings have approximately 20,500 genes housed in each and almost every one of the trillions of cells that make you who you are

13 DNA and Genes A person s genome is his/her complete set of DNA all 20, DNA and Genes: Within the cell s nucleus, DNA (genes) is bundled up into structures called Chromosomes 26 13

14 DNA and Genes: In Humans - 23 pairs of chromosomes (one set of each pair comes from each parent) Karyotype 27 Karyotype (Aside) 28 14

15 Karyotype (Aside) Klinefelter Syndrome Extra X chromosome 29 At Conception 30 15

16 Human Development 31 During development DNA and Genes Most cells become specialized, taking on characteristic shapes or functions Skin, bone, nerve, muscle Process is called differentiation Stem cells are unspecialized cells Stem cells present in an embryo Adult stem cells retained within tissues 32 16

17 Heredity 33 Heredity - the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring 34 17

18 Genetic Inheritance Remember half of your genes come from Mom and the other half from Dad, 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total), 23 from Mom, 23 from Dad 35 Dad Mom Gene for Eye Color Gene for Eye Color Chromosome Z 36 18

19 Genetic Inheritance Alternate forms of the same gene are called alleles e.g. eye color B = Brown b = blue 37 Genetic Inheritance Alleles can be dominant or recessive Eye Color: B = brown, b = blue BB = brown eyes, bb = blue eyes, Bb =brown eyes B allele is dominant to the b allele 38 19

20 Genetic Inheritance Most characteristics (such as height or skin color) are determined by the interaction of multiple genes at multiple sites on different chromosomes 39 Dominant and Recessive Alleles BB, or Bb Only bb 40 20

21 Genetic Inheritance Mutation Change in an allele Some mutations are harmful, some mutations can be beneficial, and some have no effect 41 Genetic Inheritance Conditions caused by interactions among one or more genes and the environment are called multifactorial disorders Account for the majority of illnesses and death in the developed world Heart disease is one example of a multifactorial disease 42 21

22 Creating a Family Health Tree Also called a genogram or genetic pedigree Visual representation of your family s genetic history Illustrates the patterns of health and illness within a family Pinpoints areas of special concern or risk for you 43 A Family Health Tree 44 22

23 What Can You Learn From Your Health Tree? An early onset of disease is more likely to have a genetic component The appearance of a disease in multiple individuals on the same side of the family is more likely to have a genetic correlation 45 Self Genetics some control Age no control Education can control 46 23

24 Self and Lifestyle Choices 47 Making Healthy Choices Why we do, or do not make healthy choices 48 24

25 Contributions of the Environment and Genetics 49 Health-Related Behavior Choices Psychologists have proposed the: Health Belief and Stages of Change models for why people don t always make choices that enhance their health 50 25

26 The Health Belief Model Health behaviors are influenced by: Perceived susceptibility (risk of a problem) Perceived seriousness of consequences Perceived benefits of specific action Perceived barriers to taking action All these considerations enter into your decision-making process when making healthrelated behavior change decisions 51 The Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model e.g. quitting smoking, heart disease 52 26

27 The Stages of Change Model Change is a process that includes: 1. Precontemplation no motivation to change behavior 2. Contemplation realize problem exits, should take action 3. Preparation weight options, make a plan 4. Action implement change 5. Maintenance maintain new behavior for a while 6. Termination new behavior becomes part of life, or.. Relapse! 53 The Stages of Change Model 54 27

28 The Stages of Change Model 55 If you are serious 56 28

29 Creating a Behavior Change Plan Accept responsibility for your own health and make a commitment to change To do this: Set goals Develop action steps Identify benefits Identify positive enablers Sign a behavior change contract Create benchmarks Assess accomplishments and revise, if necessary 57 Being an Informed Consumer of Health Information Developing health literacy Ability to read, understand, and act on health information As many as eighty million American adults have limited health literacy skills Health risk - probability of exposure to a hazard that can result in negative consequences 58 29

30 Self and Community Public Health - a discipline that focuses on the health of populations of people, rather than individuals Goal - prevent people from getting sick or injured in the first place 59 Public Health Scientific Research (e.g. Vaccines) Educating people about health (e.g. risks of alcohol and tobacco) Work to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy (sets safety standards to protect workers and develops school nutrition programs to ensure kids have access to healthy food) Track disease outbreaks, prevent injuries and shed light on why some of us are more likely to suffer from poor health than others 60 30