Characteristic Relationship between Dimensions and Parameters of a Hybrid Plasma Thruster

Transcription

1 Charactristic Rlationship twn Dimnsions and Paramtrs of a Hyrid Plasma Thrustr IEPC Prsntd at th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211 M. Yu. Potapno 1, V. V. Gopanchu 2 FSUE ED Fal, Kaliningrad, 2361, Russia Astract: Rsarch rsults on slction and optimization of th Hyrid Plasma Thrustr (HyridPT) acclrator channl ar prsntd hr. asic charactristic rlationships twn th ion formation ara dimnsions and optimum paramtrs of th opration mods of th nw modl of HyridPT, which can considrd as asic ons for crating a paramtric sris of th thrustr of th givn typ, ar statd. no omnclatur = width of th discharg chamr; = lngth of th discharg chamr; = width of th am in th acclrator ara; = half-width of th, magntic fild induction, distriution from th sid of th discharg chamr to th sction whr = rmax; a = width of th discharg chamr at th anod; = distanc twn th anod and th ara of ionization and acclration. A I. Introduction owadays, two typs of th plasma thrustrs ar wll-nown: Stationary Plasma Thrustr (SPT) and Thrustr with Anod ayr) TA. In th arly 9s, in ordr to incras fficincy of Elctric Propulsion (EP), as wll as to incras spcific paramtrs and charactristics of th advancd EP, nw constructiv schms wr suggstd 1 and approvd. Plasma thrustrs, which comin faturs and advantags of th nown SPT и TA, which, thus, ar of a hyrid typ, allow achiving of high lvls of spcific thrust impuls clos to th ons of th ion thrustr paramtrs. Rgarding th said dirction, in th Exprimntal Dsign urau Fal (ED Fal) (Kaliningrad, Russia), in 1999, on th as of modrnizd componnts of SPT-1 of 135 W capacity and PPS 135R of 15 capacity thrustrs, in coopration with Atlantic Rsarch Corporation (ARC, USA), in ordr to apply for th tndr on cration of high impuls EP of 2.3 W organizd y ASA (USA), xprimntal modl of high-voltag thrustr SPT-1 was dvlopd, whr constructiv schm of HyridPT was implmntd. Its constructiv schm faturs consist in high lngth of th mtal part of th Acclration Channl (AC) in rlation to th cramic on and configuration of th dilctric rings in thir walls parts facd to th ionization and acclration rgions. In 1999, rsarch tsts of SPT-1 on th rigs of ED Fal wr prformd, and thn, in 2 21, on th rigs of ASA's Glnn Rsarch Cntr (GRC), succssful dmonstration tsts wr prformd whr in various opration mods with discharg currnts of 2.7 to 5.9 A and voltags of 3 to 125 V th following maximum paramtrs wr 1 Enginr, PhD Studnt of th I. Kant altic Fdral Univrsity (IKFU) 2 ading Dsignr 1 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211

2 achivd: fficincy η а =.64, thrust F = m, Isp а = 3661 s. In 22, in ED Fal, aftr modification of th SPT-1 constructiv schm (Fig. 1), rsarch tsts with so-calld hollow magntic gas distriutor anod wr prformd also. Figur 1. Anod Unit of SPT-1 Thrustr with Magntic Anod asic paramtrs and charactristics of svral advancd EPs ar shown in Tal 1. Tal 1 EP thrustrs paramtrs and charactristics Thrustr Thrustr typ Status Powr, W Isp, s Thrust, m SPT-1 ED Fal HyridPT 2 Dvlopd Up to Up to 115 HiVHAC ASA-13М.X 3, 4 (USA) SPT Qualifid PT-4 3, 5 "AroJt" (USA) SPT Flight XIPS-25 6 (USA) Ion Thrustr Dvlopd EXT 7 (USA) Ion Thrustr Dvlopd RIT-XT "ASTRIUM" 8 Ion Thrustr Dvlopd Up to MECO Hall 9, 1, "Mitsuishi Elctric SPT Dvlopd Corporation" (Japan) SPT-14DM SPT Undr ED Fal SPT-14 ED Fal 11, 12 PPS-X/PPS-5 "Sncma" (Franc) 13, 14 ASA-173Mv1 GRC ASA (USA) ROS2 15 "ASTRIUM" Prototyp PlaS-4 ED Fal КМ-7 13 Kldysh Rsarch Cntr (Russia) D-8 16 TsIMASH (Russia) PlaS-12CM ED Fal SPT qualification Undr qualification SPT Dvlopd 5 (Up to 1) SPT SPT Undr qualification aoratory modl Up to HyridPT Dvlopd Up to SPT Dvlopd Up to TA Dvlopd HyridPT Concptmodl Up to 4.5 Up to 4 Up to 2 2 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211

3 Analysis of svral typs of modrn EPs prsntd on th summary diagram (Fig. 2) shows th lvl of paramtrs thy achivd in wid powr rang. As w can s in th summary diagram, th asic advantag of th ion thrustrs consists in providing high spcific impuls, ovr 3, s. Spcific impuls, s Ion Thrustr Ara SPT, TA and HyridPT Ara 3 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211 SPT-1 ASA-13M.X HiVHAC PT-4 XIPS-25 EXT MECO Hall SPT-14DM SPT-14 ROS2 PlaS-4 D-8 ASA-173Mv1 PPS-X 1 KM-7 (T-16) Acclrating Voltag, V Figur 2. Diagram of Main Prformancs of Modrn EP Thrustrs (SPT-1 и PlaS-4 Hyrid Plasma Thrustrs) As it was shown, HyridPT, in th highr powr opration mods and nough high discharg voltags of 9 to 125 V,. g. SPT-1 modl, also al to provid nough high valus of th thrust spcific impuls up to 32 s and ovr, which, in turn, allows approaching th ara of th ion thrustr's spcific impulss. In ordr to idntify th hyrid thrustr as a nw vrsion of plasma thrustrs and to dtrmin its asic distinctiv faturs in rlation to othr EP typs, rsarch tsts of various nominal siz and powr consumption modls wr prformd. In th cours of th tsts, AC configuration was optimizd to dtrmin asic charactristic rlationships twn th gomtric dimnsions and th paramtrs to usd in furthr constructiv schm and implmntation of a paramtric sris of HyridPT. So, th nown SPTs and TAs diffr mainly in constructiv schm of to thir ACs. SPT is asd on an Cathod-Compnsator acclrator with closd lctron drift and long acclration rgion (Fig. 3). As is nown, SPT is faturd with: "+" "-" longr cramic discharg chamr (DC) ( > 1), significant inductanc variation within it Anod Acclrator Channl S ( 1 ), possiility of significant changing of th magntic fild lins curvatur and dirct contact of th flow ing acclratd with th walls ( ) ) = 17. n n to Anod Discharg Chamr Minimum distanc from th anod to th ionization and acclration rgion Figur 3. Stationary Plasma Thrustr Constructiv Schm is a charactristic dimnsion of DC, which is aout 18 to 2 mm in th nown SPTs. It should notd that at prsnt in various sourcs diffrnt information on longitud of th layr of th DC magntic fild twn th oundaris of maximum magntic induction is prsntd. So, if th xtrnal oundary X X no RIT-22 Id

4 corrsponds to r max, thr is no common opinion on th intrnal oundary (from 5 r max 17,.6 r max 18,.7 r max 19, up to.8 r max 2 ). Insid such long AC, anod is locatd (as a rul on th ottom of DC), which in most cass srvs also as a gas distriutor dlivring propllant to AC and distriuting it uniformly y azimuth in coaxial AC. Dilctric walls in th structur of this acclrator allow dcrasing of th mtal componnts atomization, spcially in th ginning of th lif tim. In this cas, howvr, th anod layr width xtnds du to incras of th latral lctrons moility in th rgions clos to th walls. TA is asd on acclrator with closd lctron drift and long acclration rgion also and has similar constructiv schm of AC (Fig. 4), which is formd with th us of coaxial mtal DC, whr th AC walls on th DC output can mad of non-mtallic whil currnt conducting rings mad of graphit, for xampl. As th such typ acclrator structur includs hollow anod, w can somwhat optimiz th prolm of th woring gas ionization nar th anod layr oundary. Such mtal DC oprating undr th cathod potntial provids possiility of limit-narrowing of th anod layr thus dcrasing loss of th plasma flow ing acclratd at walls. On th othr hand, intns atomization of th discharg chamr walls during opration of li thrustr dcrass its rliaility du to incras of th riss rlatd to th lctrical strngth of its structur. In comparison to SPT, th standard constructiv schm of TA has rlativly "shortr" chamr ( ),which within war magntic fild induction variation is providd ( ), to Anod Anod "+" "-" to Cathod-Compnsator X no S Protctiv Rings Discharg Chamr Figur 4. Thrustr with an Anod ayr Constructiv Schm as wll th walls distant from th plasma in th acclration rgion ( n ) n 1) 17. So, in TA, th minimum distanc from th anod to th ionization and acclration rgion is of aout 1 to 2 mm. In th nown thrustrs of th oth constructiv schms, nough high intgral paramtrs and charactristics ar achivd, ut thir oprating mods ar pculiar with non monoton variation of th discharg currnt oscillations intnsity in rlation to th discharg voltag variation, which oscillations ar mostly of larg amplitud (up to 2. A and ovr) and frquncy of 2 to 4 Hz that is of nough low frquncy rang 21. Thos oscillations, as an ultimat rsult, incras proaility of EP transition into unstal opration mod. II. Rsarch of HyridPT Modls Construction diagram of DC with hollow gas distriutor anod which is a part of hyrid thrustr SPT-1 is givn in Fig. 5. Dtaild analysis of its constructiv schm shows that th asic gomtric dimnsions of th SPT-1 DC can dscrid with th following charactristic rlationships 22 : 1 < 2 ; n > 1; = 1; Th charactristic rlationships show that th SPT-1 constructiv schm comins various critria typical to oth SPT and TA, which confirm hyrid natur of SPT-1. Thus, SPT-1 modl has conformal distanc from th anod ottom to th DC cut ( 1 < 2 ) th sam as th on of th standard SPT, which allows implmntation of "dirct" contact of th flow ing acclratd with th walls ( n ) n = ). As w can s, th minimum distanc from th narst parts of th anod to th ionization and acclration rgion in SPT-1, which can dtrmind y formula A min = ( а n ) 2, is som lss and is of 2.5 mm, which is typical to th TA constructiv schm. sids, that constructiv schm lad to mor significant variation of th magntic induction in AC ( > 1 ). n n =. 4 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211

5 Whn comparing charactristic rlationships of SPT, TA and HyridPT SPT-1 dimnsions, w can s, that SPT-1 thrustr has thr rlationships similar to th ons of SPT and on changd individual fatur. Dominating similarity of th SPT-1 modl to th SPT thrustrs is du to th fact that its constructiv schm is asd on th structural assmlis of SPT-1 and PPS 135R thrustrs. "+" "-" to Cathod-Compnsator " " Extrnal Magnt Pol Acclrator Channl Anod S to Anod Acclrator Channl Anod X Hyrid Discharg Chamr Id'' Id' S Cramic Rings to Anod X X a n o Discharg Chamr Intrnal Magnt Pol Cramic Rings а) ) Figur 5. Construction Diagram of HyridPT SPT-1 with th Comind Discharg Chamr and th Hollow Anod/Gas Distriutor In th anothr vrsion of th HyridPT constructiv schm that is shown in Fig. 6, convntional thin-wall ring magntic shilds unitd y continuous onding can rplacd with magntic rflctor 23 ing a part of th hollow anod and lctrically insulatd from th rst componnts of th magntic systm structur. Implmntation of th hollow anod with magntic rflctor allows crating of th DC magntic fild of th optimum configuration with largr gradint of th magntic induction radial componnt. Extrnal Magnt Pol Magnt Anod Acclrator Channl S to Anod X X a n o Discharg Chamr Intrnal Magnt Pol Cramic Rings Figur 6. Ovrall Viw of th HyridPT Prototyp PlaS-4 with th Hollow Magnt Anod and its Discharg Chamr Construction Diagram 5 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211

6 In th cas of HyridPT Prototyp PlaS-4 shown in Fig. 6, th charactristic rlationships twn th dimnsions somwhat diffr from th ons for th constructiv schm implmntd in th SPT-1 modl prviously: 1,5 ; n > 1 ; 24 n ; <. That HyridPT has rlativly "shortr" chamr than th on of th standard SPT ( 1. 5), mor significant variation of th magntic induction ( > 1 ), as wll as ttr possiilitis of contact twn < 1. Th minimum distanc from th anod to th th flow ing acclratd and walls ( ( ) ) n n < ionization and acclration rgion for th HyridPT can also dtrmind y formula min ( ) 2 n A = and а n amounts.5 mm. Comparativ analysis of th otaind asic dimnsion rlationships twn HyridPT SPT-1 (with middiamtr of AC qual 85 mm) and HyridPT Prototyp PlaS-4 shows som mor dp advanc in th furthr structur improvmnt, gnration of nw constructiv schm and cration of a hyrid thrustr. As w can s, Prototyp PlaS-4 has thr individual charactristic dimnsion rlationships and th only similar rlationship inhrnt to TA. At first, that vrsion passd rsarch tst as a part of SPT-1 thrustr with succssful rsults similar to th ons for th original thrustr configuration, which has passd dmonstration tsts. Thn, that vrsion of th DC construction was introducd in th dvlopd thrustr prototyp PlaS-4, whr, latr. rsarch tst was prformd in ordr to dtrmin intgral paramtrs and charactristics with stag y stag optimization of th constructiv schm and slction of low powr opration mods in ordr to prform furthr limitd duraility tst. Th oprating tim amountd 2 hours of th tst and was dividd into two 1 hour priods with 2 and 4 W powr. In th nown plasma acclrators, thr xist som limitations of possiility to optimiz fficincy and lif tim du to rlativly long AC whr th total distanc to th anod and, rspctivly, to th woring gas injction rgions rgarding th channl dpth from th DC cut do not allow to control and affct th plasma concntration distriution starting ut vn th input of th ionization and acclration rgion. Primarily, that is rlatd to significant longitud of th DC walls in th ionization rgion and th rgion clos to th anod whr th ions and lctrons rcomination occurs mostly. It is nown that du to th ions loss at th long walls, upon th avrag, half of th ions that com to th acclration rgion had n sujct to prvious ionization, rcomination on th walls and r-ionization which lads to corrsponding incras of th nrgy consumption for th propllant ionization. Intns loss of th particls on th walls lads to upris of significant gradints of th lctron prssur which distort quipotntial surfacs E r -of th fild so that significant part of th ions ing acclratd intract with th walls in th acclration rgion thus roding th walls and incrasing th nrgy losss in th plasma flow ing acclratd. Th prformd rsarch tst of PlasS-4 thrustr and th data otaind in th cours of th tsts in th oprating powr rang of 1 to 4 W as wll as prformd dmonstration tsts of th largr capacity SPT-1 thrustr in th powr rang up to 2.3 W has shown ttr staility (lowr snsitivity) of th hyrid thrustrs asic paramtrs and charactristics vn whn th magntic fild varis significantly as wll as thir aility to achiv high intgral charactristics with various cominations of supply currnts in th magntic systm magntization sourcs thus allowing slction of th optimum cominations of ampr-turns on th asis of various constructiv schm critria,. g. mass of th EP componnts or possiility to includ all magntization sourcs connctd in sris into th EP discharg circuit. Mor stal opration of th various HyridPT vrsions xhiiting low discharg currnt and voltag oscillations is achivd du to arranging th anod in th xtrm proximity to input of th A rgion of ionization and acclration as wll as du to providing, sids providing azimuth uniformity of th gas distriution, additional volum distriution of th woring gas dlivrd to DC pr AC dpth manwhil providing part of th gas dlivry in dirct proximity to input of th ionization rgion. As pr rsults of th prformd rsarch tsts of svral HyridPT vrsions of various nominal siz and oprating capacity of SPT-1 and Prototyp PlaS-4, charactristic rlationships (Tal 2) for oth gomtric dimnsions of DC and asic paramtrs of thir optimum opration wr dtrmind. 6 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211

7 Tal 2 Charactristic rlationship twn dimnsions and paramtrs of th SPT, th TA and th HyridPT Thrustr typ Discharg Chamr Gomtry Paramtrs SPT > 1 n 1 - n = 1 = с c - n 1 = n λ И c 1 TA n - n c 1 с < c - n < 1 n c HyridPT (PlaS) 1,5 n > 1 - n λ < И 1 n c с 1 c - n < 1 c In 21, ED Fal has prformd also paramtric tsts of various thrustrs of low capacity: Stationary Plasma Thrustr SPT-5M and Hyrid Plasma Thrustr PlaS-4 at th sam conditions and with th us of th sam low consumption xprimntal cathod compnsator KE-1. Th tsts wr prformd at th discharg voltag of 16 and 22 V in th flow rat rang of 1.25 to 2. mg/s in horizontal vacuum chamr at prssur during th thrustrs opration not ovr 1,2 1 4 mm Hg (rgarding air). For comparison, lt's considr thrustr КМ with mid-diamtr of AC qual 32 mm and nominal capacity of 2 W dvlopd in th Rsarch Cntr namd aftr M. V. Kldysh (Moscow). Th said thrustr constructiv schm faturs with implmntation of DC as pr th comind schm whr th DC walls ar mad of mtal and ar undr floating potntial whil cramic rings ar installd clos to th DC cut (output). Th КМ-32 thrustr tsts wr prformd on th rigs of Rsarch Cntr namd aftr M. V. Kldysh. Th vacuum chamr diamtr amounts.96 m, lngth 3.2 m, total volum 2.5 m 3. Typical prssur in th vacuum chamr did not xcd 2.5*1-5 mm Hg. Th thrustr was tstd at th discharg voltags of 2 to 35 V and in th rang of th anod flow rat of.5 to 1.4 mg/s. Tal 3 Analysis of th paramtrs of th low-powr thrustrs SPT-5М, prototyp PlaS-4 and КМ-32 Modl U d, V G a, mg/s С t, W/m I sp, s I i /I d I i /I m Eff, % SPT-5М PlaS КМ Th comparison charactristics and paramtrs of th thrustrs tstd and undr considrations of various constructiv schms ar givn in Figur 7. Thrust, m PlaS-4 SPT-5M КМ Powr, Wt PlaS Powr, Wt а) ) Spcific Impuls, с SPT-5М КМ-32 7 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211

8 Efficincy, % PlaS SPT-5М КМ Powr, Wt c) d) Figur 7. Thrust, Spcific Impuls, Efficincy and Powr-to-thrust Ratio of th EPs of Various Constructiv Schms at th Discharg Voltag of 2 V In 211, on th vacuum rigs of ED Fal, rsarch tsts of th hyrid plasma thrustr PlaS-12 concptual modl wr prformd (Fig. 8). Th tsts wr prformd in th oprating mods with discharg voltag of 95 V in th flow rat rang of 2.5 to 4.8 mg/s in horizontal vacuum chamr at prssur during th thrustrs opration not ovr 1,2 1 4 mm Hg (rgarding air). Th rig vacuum chamr volum amounts 4 m 3, th chamr diamtr is.9 m. Powr/Thrust, Wt/m PlaS-4 SPT-5М КМ Powr, Wt Figur 8. Ovrall Viw of th Concpt-modl HyridPT PlaS-12 aftr Manufactur Comparativ analysis of th asic paramtrs of th SPT and HyridPT vrsions of similar nominal sizs and capacitis in high voltag and low voltag rangs ar givn in Tals 4 and 5. Tal 4 Analyss of High-Capacity EP Paramtrs Modl U d, V I d, A G a, mg/s F, m I sp, s, W E ff, % SPT-14 M# PT-4QM PlaS-12CM Tal 5 Analyss of High-Voltag EP Paramtrs Modl U d, V I d, A G a, mg/s F, m I sp, s, W E ff, % SPT-14 M# PT-4QM PlaS-12CM Th data otaind show that in th wid rang of capacity HyridPT has ttr capacity du to ttr organization of th ion formation procss in DC. 8 Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211

9 III. Conclusion Th otaind charactristic rlationships twn dimnsions and paramtrs dscriing HyridPT allow idntifying it as a nw spcis of plasma thrustrs, which can usd in th futur for dsign of gomtrically conformal vrsions ing dvlopd,. g. for dvlopmnt of th thrustrs paramtric sris: PlaS-4, PlaS-55 (or its modification PlaS-551), PlaS-85 and PlaS-12, as wll as of othr nominal sizs of th thrustrs of various capacitis. Rfrncs 1 I.. Soroin, V. V. Gopanchu, ED Fal, Russia. Patnt Application for a "Elctric propulsion", Doct o. RU o , fild 15 March David H. Manzlla, David T. Jacoson and Rort S. Janovsy "High Voltag SPT Prformanc", AIAA, CP3774, Salt a City, Utah, Randy M. aggtt, Wndy W. Hulgan, John W. Dananich, Rort T. chtl "In-Spac Propulsion Solar Elctric Propulsion Program Ovrviw of 26", AIAA, CP4463, Sacramnto, California, Ptr Y. Ptrson, Hani Kamhawi, David H. Manzlla, David T. Jacoson, "Hall Thrustr Tchnology for ASA Scinc Missions: HiVHAC Status Updat", AIAA, CP5236, Cincinnati, OH, J. Fishr, A. Wilson, D. King, S. Myr, K. d Grys,. Wrthman "Th Dvlopmnt and Qualification of a 4.5 W Hall Thrustr Propulsion Systm for Go Satllit Applications status updat", IEPC, CP295, Toulous, Franc, Kui-Ru Chin, William G. Tigh, Thomas A ond, Rafal Spars "An Ovrviw of Elctric Propulsion at -3 Communications, Elctron Tchnologis Inc", AIAA, Sacramnto, California, Michal J. Pattrson, Scott W. nson "EXT Ion Propulsion Systm Dvlopmnt Status and Prformanc", AIAA, CP5199, Cincinnati, OH, 8-11 July Hlmut assnr, Rainr Killingr, Hans itr, Johann Müllr "Dvlopmnt Stps of th RF-Ion Thrustrs RIT", IEPC, CP15, Pasadna, CA, Kimiya Komurasai, Hitoshi Kuninaa "Ovrviw of Elctric Propulsion Activitis in Japan", AIAA, CP339, Cincinnati, OH, Toshiyui Ozai, Yuiazu Kasai, Yasutaa Inanaga, Taafumi aagawa, Hiroyui Osuga, Taashi Itoh, Knichi Kajiwara, Katsuai Matsui "Elctric Propulsion Dvlopmnt Activity at MECO", AIAA, CP4321, Sacramnto, California, Enrico Chstsa, Dnis Arrat, Rgis rtrand, Fran Dannon, Stphani D'Escrivan, icolas Pilt "CES Elctric Propulsion activitis ovrviw: flight programs, R&T actions, novl mission constructiv schm", IEPC, Flornc, Italy, J. Gonzalz dl Amo, G. Saccoccia "Elctric propulsion Activitis at ESA", IEPC, PC237, Ann Aror, Michigan, USA, R. R. Hofr "Dvlopmnt and Charactrization of High-Efficincy, High-Spcific Impuls Xnon Hall Thrustrs", Ph. D. Dissrtation, Univrsity of Michigan, О. А. Gorshov, V. A. Muravl'v, A. A. Shagaida, Holl and Ion Thrustrs for Spac Vhicls, undr th ditorship of th RAS Acadmician A. S. Korotyv. M.: Mashinostroyniy, G. Saccoccia "Europan Elctric Propulsion Activitis and Programms", IEPC, Pasadna, CA, Smnin A. V., Tvrdohlov S. O., Garusha V. I., Kochrgin A. V., Chislov G. O., Shumin. V., Soloduhin A. V., Zaharnov. E "Oprating Envlops of Thrustrs with Anod ayr", IEPC, Pasadna, CA, V. lan, V. P. Kim, A. I. Oransy, V.. Tihonov, Stationary Plasma Thrustrs, Kharov: Kharov Aviation Institut, Yu. М. Yrmoshin, Th Foundations of Thory and Dsign of Elctric Propulsion and Thrustrs, A. I. ugrova, V. P. Kim, Currnt Stat of Rsarchs in Physics rgarding Acclrators with Closd Elctron Drift and ong Acclration Rgion, Plasma Acclrators and Ion Injctors. М.: aua, Richard R. Hofr Ptr Y. Ptrson Alc D. Gallimor "A High Spcific Impuls Two-Stag Hall Thrustr with Plasma ns Focusing", IEPC, PC36, Pasadna, CA, A. V. Gorshov, V. A. Muravl'v, A. A. Shagaida, Holl and ion thrustrs for spac vhicls, undr th ditorship of th RAS Acadmician A. S. Korotyv. M.: Mashinostroyniy, 28, pp V. V. Gopanchu, М. Yu. Potapno "Study of th impact of th discharg chamr configuration on charactristics of th hyrid plasma thrustr", Trudy MAI, 211, o V. V. Gopanchu. ED Fal, Russia. Patnt Application for a "Elctric propulsion", Doct o. RU o , fild 3 ov V. V. Gopanchu, I.. Soroin, ED Fal, Russia. Patnt Application for a "Elctric propulsion", Doct o. RU o , fild 1 ov Mihail. liov, Olg A. Gorshov, Evgny. Dyshlyu, Alsandr S. ovtzov, Andry A. Shagayda "Dvlopmnt of ow-powr Hall Thrustr with iftim up to 3 Hours", IEPC, PC129, Flornc, Italy, J. Fishr, A. Wilson, D. King, S. Myr, K. d Grys,. Wrthman "Th Dvlopmnt and Qualification of a 4.5 w Hall Thrustr Propulsion Systm for Go Satllit Applications Status Updat", IEPC, PC295, Toulous, Franc. 27 Richard R. Hofr "High-Spcific Impuls Opration of th PT-4 Hall Thrustr for ASA Scinc Missions", AIAA, PC6623, ashvill, T, Th 32nd Intrnational Elctric Propulsion Confrnc, Wisadn, Grmany Sptmr 11 15, 211