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4 4 7? 18 ; 178 > ) 1 9:; <=) 1 Å 5 ) ' ' ' ( ' (5 G% E!7 B K * ' G!' E!7 +, -, G l&i G56. +, - H \Z 6 +&!% ' -, ` q6 0. &9 [. J. d ii 12 d. ) ' ( 0. a. 6 ].yz _.p G G% *+,(. s, G dp.(1) 19 ii G5_ H o`! R. G<= { -a - ++') 0.% 178 E 19 j <= -, rk 0.!' 19 O.(15) ( [ 0 A< a 0+Ä!5 u5n/ 0. Y. ( ' GN ] 19 s+ G&9! ) Å K ] % (!'. % E9! ) =< # u5n/ 0. Y. J &' N G! H O &9 G5[ m9i &9 12 j. G% )8. +, G% (!5 G! % ;*- ' % 67 )8 Y ,!5 Torry )8 - ++' EN! rk ' &' ()! % %8 %5 G5.(11) -' rk! 19 B!5 Jaana! G5 ', ~ Messias.(12) ( % 9I% N! 1600 B(2004)!5-0 G+) 8 B!, -'_ %' u, rk G! GP 0`p,* ) 0K L )8 0..! &9 G5 G!7 1&2 +2 D 0. +.(2) ( -, w8, ~ *!5 Tochigo 19 %! ' q +Å B5 {H A[ Ä!5 &2 +5 * :! :e (<' BG G55 B(<2 Berk ](1)! w8!7 1&2 +2 B! 19 )8 B!5 ( G! 19 0 G+) 8.(14) + G%5n/ Ç_. d. :. /' :>-? 1- Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 8 th ed. Vol 1. USA: Lippincott; Messias E, Kirkapatric B, Bromet E, Ross D, Buchanan R, Carpenter T, et al. Summer birth and deficit schizophrenia: apoolre analysis from 6 countries. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004; 61 (10): Craig TJ. Epidemiology of psychiatric illness. In: Medical basis of psychiatry. Philadelphia; Saunders; 1986; p Asadollahi A, Abbasalizadeh A. A guide book for families with schizophrenic patients. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 1997; p [Persian]. 76

5 187 " Ghaemmagham Farahani Z, Khodabakhshei Kollai A, Barati F. Schizophrenia treatment and rehabilitation. Tehran: Roshd; 2005; p [Persian] 6- Wise MG, Rundell JM. Concise guide to consultation psychiatry. USA: American Psychiatric Press. 1988; pp: Toogi M, Marumo K, Hibinoa H, Otowaa T, Katoa C, Maruia T, et al. Season of birth effected personality in general population. Neurosci Lett. 2004; 65 (2): Trosi A, Pasina A, Spalleta G. Season of birth, gender and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry. 2001; 16 (6): Gelder M, Gath D, Mayou R, Cowen P. Oxford text book of psychiatry. rd ed. London: Oxford University; Stoudemire A, Fogel BS, Gulley LR. Psychopharmacology in the medical ill: medical psychiatric practice. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; pp: Torry FF, Miller J, Rawlings R, Yolken RH. Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res. 1997; 28: Jaana M, Jari K, Jouko K. Season of birth among patients with schizophrenia and their siblings. Am J Psychiatry. 2001; 158: Tochigo M, Okazaki Y, Kato N, Sasake T. What causes seasonality of birth in schizophrenia? Neurosis Res. 2004; 48 (1): Berk M, Terre M, Maude C, Lucas M, Mendelsohn M, James A, et al. Season of birth and in schizophrenia: southern Hemisphere data. Aust New Zeeland J Psychiatry.1996; 0: Taban H. Investigation of schizophrenia patient's birth season in navab safavi outpatient. [Thesis] Isfahan University of Medical Sciences;1998. [Persian] 77

6 4 7? 18 ; 178 > ) 1 9:; <=) 1 Title: Survey of birth season in schizophrenic patients hospitalized in Sina hospital of Hamedan city between Authors: A. Ghalaeiha 1, AR. Rahimi 1, N. Matinnia 2, F. Shamsaei, MK. Zarrabiyan 4, F. Farzan 5, S. Afzali 6 Abstract Background and Aim: Birth rate of patients with schizophrenia during the winter and spring months is 5%- 8% higher worldwide than their rate in the general population, although the reasons are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine birth season of schizophrenic patients hospitalized in Sina hospital of Hamedan city between 1999 and Materials and Methods: In this descriptive- analytical (cross-sectional) study, 645 schizophrenic cases who had been hospitalized in Sina psychiatric center of Hamedan city between 1999 and 2004 and their disorder had been determined based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria (DSM-IV) were surveyed. Means of data collection was a questionnaire consisting of personal history queries and queries regarding the aims of the study. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (10) software and using descriptive-inferential statistics at the significant level P Results: The subjects included 81 men and 27 women. Most cases had been born in spring (46.2%) and winter (1.8%), and the least births (7.6%) belonged to summer. Conclusion: The results showed the effects of seasonal variations on the occurrence of schizophrenic patients births as their births had a higher frequency in spring and winter rather than in summer and autumn. Key Words: Schizophrenia; Season birth; Negative and positive sign 1 Assistant Professor, Member of Behavioral Disorders & Substance Abuse Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Hamedan, Iran. 2 MSc. In health.azad University of Hamedan. Hamedan, Iran. Corresponding Author, Psychiatric Nurse, Member of Behavioral Disorders & Substance Abuse Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Hamedan, Iran. shamsaei@umsha.ac.ir 4 MSc. In Psychology of Personality, Member of Behavioral Disorders & Substance Abuse Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Hamedan, Iran. 5 Physician 6 Assistant Professor, Member of Behavioral Disorders & Substance Abuse Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Hamedan, Iran. 78