MOOD DISORDERS A HANDBOOK OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. Edited by. Mick Power University of Edinburgh and Royal Edinburgh Hospital

Transcription

1 MOOD DISORDERS A HANDBOOK OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE Edited by Mick Power University of Edinburgh and Royal Edinburgh Hospital

2

3 MOOD DISORDERS A HANDBOOK OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE

4

5 MOOD DISORDERS A HANDBOOK OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE Edited by Mick Power University of Edinburgh and Royal Edinburgh Hospital

6 Copyright C 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on or All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or ed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA , USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mood disorders : a handbook of science and practice / edited by Mick Power. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN X (Cloth : alk. paper) 1. Affective disorders Physiological aspects. 2. Affective disorders Treatment. 3. Affective disorders Chemotherapy. I. Power, Michael J. RC537.M dc British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN X Typeset in 10/12pt Times and Helvetica by TechBooks Electronic Services, New Delhi, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.

7 TO SILKE

8 For I have sworn thee fair, and thought thee bright, Who art as black as hell, as dark as night. (Shakespeare, Sonnet 147)

9 CONTENTS About the Editor List of Contributors Foreword by Kay Redfield Jamison ix xi xiii Part I: UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION 1 1 The Classification and Epidemiology of Unipolar Depression 3 Paul Bebbington 2 Biological Models of Unipolar Depression 29 Anthony J. Cleare 3 Cognitive Models and Issues in Depression 47 Peter J. Bieling and Zindel V. Segal 4 Socioemotional Functioning in Depression 61 Jonathan Rottenberg and Ian H. Gotlib 5 Developmental Perspectives on Depression in Young People 79 Richard Harrington 6 Depression: A Biopsychosocial, Integrative, and Evolutionary Approach 99 Paul Gilbert 7 Biological Treatments of Mood Disorders 143 Klaus P. Ebmeier, Annika Berge, David Semple, Premal Shah, and Douglas Steele 8 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression 167 Mick Power 9 Interpersonal Psychotherapy of Depression 183 John C. Markowitz Part II: BIPOLAR DEPRESSION Epidemiology and Classification of Bipolar Disorder 203 Jonathan Cavanagh

10 viii Contents 11 Biological Theories of Bipolar Disorder 221 Douglas Blackwood and Walter Muir 12 Bipolar Affective Disorder: Current Perspectives on Psychological Theory and Treatment 235 Kim Wright and Dominic Lam 13 Integration of Patient, Provider, and Systems Treatment Approaches in Bipolar Disorder: Where Evidence Meets Practice Reality 247 Sagar V. Parikh and Sidney H. Kennedy 14 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Bipolar Affective Disorder 259 Matthias Schwannauer 15 Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy 275 Holly A. Swartz, Ellen Frank, Heather N. Spielvogle, and David J. Kupfer 16 Self-Management and the Expert Patient 295 Anne Palmer and Jan Scott Part III: GENERAL ISSUES Current Approaches to the Assessment of Depression 307 Dave Peck 18 Suicide and Attempted Suicide 319 Andrew K. MacLeod 19 Depression in Older Adults 337 Ken Laidlaw 20 Summary and New Directions 353 Mick Power Author Index 363 Subject Index 375

11 ABOUT THE EDITOR Mick Power is Professor of Clinical Psychology and Director of the Clinical Psychology Training Programme at the University of Edinburgh. He is a practising clinical psychologist in the Royal Edinburgh Hospital. In the past he has been a Senior Lecturer at the University of London and has worked as a clinical psychologist at Guy s Hospital, and at the Bethlem and Maudsley Hospitals. He has worked for the Medical Research Council and has acted for many years as a Research Adviser to the World Health Organization. He is a founding editor of the journal Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy..

12

13 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Paul Bebbington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Archway Campus, Highgate Hill, London N19 5LW, UK Annika Berge, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Peter J. Bieling, Department of Psychology, St Joseph s Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada Douglas Blackwood, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Jonathan Cavanagh, Department of Psychological Medicine, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0XH, UK Anthony J. Cleare, Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK Klaus P. Ebmeier, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Ellen Frank, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Paul Gilbert, Mental Health Research Unit, Kingsway Hospital, Derby DE22 3LZ, UK Ian H. Gotlib, Department of Psychology, Building 420 Jordan Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA , USA Richard Harrington, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Royal Manchester Children s Hospital, Pendlebury, Manchester M27 1HA, UK Kay Redfield Jamison, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Sidney H. Kennedy, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Eaton North, 8th Floor, Room 222, Toronto M5G 2C4, Canada David J. Kupfer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Ken Laidlaw, Section of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Royal. Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK

14 xii List of Contributors Dominic Lam, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK Andrew K. MacLeod, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK John C. Markowitz, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Room 1322, New York, NY 10021, USA Walter Muir, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Anne Palmer, Mood Disorders Service, Kingfisher House, Wensum Meadows, Hellesdon Hoop, Norwich NR6 5BN, UK Sagar V. Parikh, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada Dave Peck, Department of Clinical Psychology, Craig Dunain Hospital, Inverness IV3 6PJ, UK Mick Power, Section of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Jonathan Rottenberg, Department of Psychology, Building 420 Jordan Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA , USA Matthias Schwannauer, Section of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Jan Scott, Institute of Psychiatry, King s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK Zindel V. Segal, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada David Semple, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Premal Shah, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Heather N. Spielvogle, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Douglas Steele, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK Holly A. Swartz, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Kim Wright, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK

15 FOREWORD Moods are so essential to our navigating the world that when they go awry it is only a matter of time until distress and disaster hit. Moods allow us to gauge people and circumstance, alert us to danger or opportunity, and provide us with the means to convey our emotional and physical state to others. If we act rashly when we ought to be prudent or hang back when we could move forward to advantage, difficulties accrue. Problems compound if, in addition to disruptions in mood, energy, sleep, and thinking also are affected. Disorders of mood which result from this combined disturbance are common, painful, and too often lethal. Fortunately, they are usually treatable. Scientists and clinicians have learned a remarkable amount about depression and manicdepression, or bipolar disorder, during the past decade. These advances in our understanding of diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, comorbidity, and treatment are lucidly presented in this excellent handbook. There is a strong emphasis upon a complex approach to mood disorders, with the authors providing important coverage of both psychological and biological perspectives on the causes and treatment of depression and mania. The thorny issues of diagnostic categories, the ever-expanding spectrum of pathological into normal affective states, and the unsettled relation of major depression to bipolar disorder, are well addressed, as are the topics of evolutionary psychology, suicide, and pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. There remain many important questions: ethical and clinical considerations which will arise after the first genes for mood disorders are located; the intriguing psychological issues raised by mania its relation to violence and creativity, its addictive qualities, and its place in the field of positive emotions; cross-species comparisons which will be possible as a result of mapping the human and other mammalian genomes; and the increased understanding of normal moods which will follow from research into more pathological ones. Neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, and molecular biologists make a powerful alliance. This handbook gives an outstanding overview of their accomplishments to date and a sense of the excitement to come. Kay Redfield Jamison, Ph.D. Professor of Psychiatry The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.