Risks and Behaviors. Environmental Hazards

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2 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards

3 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Risk Assessment Probability theory

4 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Dissemination Risk Assessment Risk Communication Probability theory Communication theory

5 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Probability theory Dissemination Risk Assessment Risk Communication Communication theory Comprehension; persuasion Health literacy Risk Perception

6 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Dissemination Risk Assessment Risk Communication Probability theory Communication theory Comprehension; persuasion Action Risk Perception Behavior Change Health literacy Behavioral theory

7 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Dissemination Risk Assessment Risk Communication Probability theory Communication theory Comprehension; persuasion Action Risk Perception Behavior Change Health literacy Behavioral theory

8 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Dissemination Risk Assessment Risk Communication Probability theory Communication theory Comprehension; persuasion Action Risk Perception Behavior Change Health literacy Behavioral theory

9 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Dissemination Risk Assessment Risk Communication Probability theory Communication theory Comprehension; persuasion Action Risk Perception Behavior Change Health literacy Behavioral theory

10 (Risk) Communication as Intended & Received Communication seldom falls into a social, political, or cognitive vacuum Distortion is the name of the game

11 Refraction of Risk Communication Cognitive Biases Prior Experiences Perceived Losses Political Beliefs Culture & Traditions Culture & Traditions

12 In addition.. Difficult to convey probabilistic information Many hazards are unknown

13 Minimizing Refraction in Public Risk Communication Build trust through Transparency Openness about the process Without conflicts of interest Honesty Clarity about what is known & unknown Collaboration Build partnerships with communities being served

14 Risks and Behaviors Environmental Hazards Risk analysis Dissemination Risk Assessment Risk Communication Probability theory Communication theory Comprehension; persuasion Action Risk Perception Behavior Change Health literacy Behavioral theory

15 Risk Communication à Behavior Change Evidence weak at best When perceived severity is high, perceived susceptibility tends to be low When both are high, avoidance is natural But efficacy is key

16 The Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework Low Risk Perception High Risk Perception Weak Efficacy Beliefs Strong Efficacy Beliefs

17 The Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework Low Risk Perception Weak Efficacy Beliefs Strong Efficacy Beliefs Indifference High Risk Perception

18 The Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework Low Risk Perception Weak Efficacy Beliefs Strong Efficacy Beliefs Indifference High Risk Perception Avoidance

19 The Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework Low Risk Perception Weak Efficacy Beliefs Indifference Strong Efficacy Beliefs Proactive High Risk Perception Avoidance

20 The Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework Low Risk Perception High Risk Perception Weak Efficacy Beliefs Indifference Avoidance Strong Efficacy Beliefs Proactive Responsive

21 The Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework Low Risk Perception High Risk Perception Weak Efficacy Beliefs Indifference Avoidance Strong Efficacy Beliefs Proactive Responsive

22 Study of HIV/AIDS in Malawi Household survey of Malawian adults at baseline N = 890 Age, M = 32.6, SD = 14.1 Female = 54% Education: None = 36% Primary = 49% Rimal et al., Hlth Comm

23 Behavioral Intention Effects of Risk and Efficacy on Behavioral Intention (Intention to Use Condoms at Baseline) Strong Efficacy (Mean+1SD) Weak Efficacy (Mean-1SD) 2.2 Low Perceived Risk High

24 Changes in the Configuration of the four RPA framework groups (Baseline + 6 Years) Percent Baseline Midterm 1 Midterm 2 0 Indifference Proactive Avoidance Responsive End-line Χ 2 (n = 6,517, df = 9) = 1417, p <.001

25 Frequency of Condom Use (standardized scores) Proactive Responsive Indifference Avoidance

26 Percent Tested for HIV 0.55 Responsive 0.5 Proactive 0.45 Avoidance Indifferent Low efficacy High efficacy 0.25 Low risk F (3,6516) = 43.15, p <.001 High risk

27 The Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework Low Risk Perception High Risk Perception Weak Efficacy Beliefs Indifference Avoidance Strong Efficacy Beliefs Proactive Responsive

28 Finally Self-efficacy more reliable predictor across these behaviors Risk perception: motivators Efficacy beliefs: facilitators

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