Accelerator Based Epithermal Neutron Source by using Thin Layered Solid Lithium Target
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1 ABNP2014 Accelerator Based Epithermal Neutron Source by using Thin Layered Solid Lithium Target /14 Ryo Fujii 1, Yoshi Imahori 1, Masaru Nakamura 1, Jun Itami 2, Yoshihisa Abe 2, Hirofumi Seki 3, Tetsuya Ishida 4, Nobuaki Ozoe 5, Kenichi Fukuda 5, Shigeo Shiota 6,Hidaka Furuya 7 1 Cancer Intelligence Care Systems, Inc., 2 National Cancer Center, 3 AccSysTechnology, Inc., 4 Moriya Cutlery Laboratory, Ltd. 5 Shimane Institute for Industrial Technology, 6 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. 7 Nippon light Metal Co., Ltd.
2 Introduction Boron Neutron Capture Therapy :BNCT Conventional Radiation Therapy <BNCT> Thermal Neutron Normal cells are also attacked. Only tumor cells are attacked. a: 10 B-BPA (p-boronophenylalanine) b: 10 B-BSH (mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate: Na 2 B 12 H 11 SH )
3 Neutron Source for BNCT Reactor to Accelerator Now : Reactor Large Institution Large Investment Difficult to Spread Always nucleus possession In Near future : Accelerator Small Institution Small Investment In hospital No need the Nucleus Neutron Only PS -ON! Reactor water Nucleus First Neutron Neutron Shutter Moderator Thermal Neutron Collimator Irradiation Port Proton Acceleration 0 2.0~3 MeV Target Nuclear Reaction First Neutron Moderator Collimator Moderation Irradiation Port Epithermal Neutron 10
4 Various types of Accelerator for Neutron Production System Target Materials Form Thickness (mm) Particle Accelerator Energy Current Mode (MeV) (ma) (CW/PM) (Currently on development) Type Lithium Solid Liquid Proton Proton Proton Proton ~ CW DC DC DC RFQ Electrostatic Electrostatic Electrostatic Beryllium Solid Solid 5.5 Proton 0.5 Proton ~2 10 PM PM Cyclortron RFQ+DTL *PM: Pulse Modulation *CW: Continious Wave
5 High Current Proton RFQ Linac Injector RFQ Linac Q-Mag. Bending Mag. Specification Particle Beam Energy Beam Current Ion Source LEBT Accelerator RF Proton 2.5 MeV 20 ma (CW) Microwave Ion Source Solenoid RFQ Klystron (330kW CW, 400MHz) Steering Mag. BPM
6 Neutron Production: 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be 1.89MeV 2.5MeV 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be Irradiation conditions 2.5MeV x 20 ma(cw) 50kW Need for High Performance Heat Removal System LITHIUM Atomic weight Isotope 6Li 7Li Physical properties Density(r.t) Melting point Thermal conductivity g % % g/cm3 K? 84.8 W/m/K Ref) C.L. Lee, X. - L. Zhou, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 152(1999) 1-11
7 Thin Layered Solid Lithium Target (B) (A) ターケ ットホルタ ー リチウムターケ ット 冷却水流路 1 2 (C) Palladium 冷却水 Inlet 冷却水 Outlet ターケ ットホルタ ー
8 Thin Layered Solid Lithium Target A) Benefit 1) The energy level of neutron generated is low because of low energy level of proton beam. The size of accelerator can be small Moderator can be simple and compact No concern for activation by fast neutron B) Subjects 1) Heat removal measures * Melting point of lithium is low (190 o C) 2) Handling of lithium is difficult * Lithium is sensitive to water and air 3) Reducing impact of Be-7 (Half life time: 53.3day) by using 7Li (p, n) 7Be 4) Preventing blistering ( Other solid target materials also having this problem. ) 5) Lithium thin layer technology
9 Stopping range of 2.5MeV Proton Threshold point in Li 2014/5/3 8
10 Configuration of the accelerator based Neutron Source Power (W) power (W) Li:300μm (beam current: 20mA) Thickness (μm) Pd: 30μm (BeamCurrrent: 20mA) Power [W] Heat distribution in bilayer Bragg peak in Pd Li(100μm) Pd (25μm) Depth in Li(100µm) & Pd(25µm) bilayer [µm] Thickness (μm)
11 Equipment for decomposition test
12 Relationship of Lithium Consumption and Deposition Time [g] Consumption of lithium y = x R² = Deposition Time[min] 2014/5/3 11
13 Correlation of Li deposition profile between estimation and measurement min 計算値 Estimation Measurement min 計算値 min 計算値 /5/3 12
14 Handling of 7 Be in compliance with the regulations Estimation of the Be-7 saturation yield Li (Enriched) (g/mol) (g/cm3) Li (%) Li (%) Surface area of the target (cm2) Li thickness (cm) 50?m Volume of the Li (cm3) Weight of the Li (g) Li (g) Li (g) Number of Li-6 atoms n(li-6) 2.795E+19 Number of Li-7 atoms n(li-7) 2.326E+22 n Cross Section?(Be-7) (cm2) Proto Flux f 1.243E+15 (n/cm2/s) Saturation Yields of Be E+13 Bq Ci Accumulation of Be-7 Radio Activity Irradiation = 8 hour/day Yield of Be-7 1 day 7.106E+10 Bq 1 week 3.373E+11 Bq 3 months 2.689E+12 Bq 1 year 3.842E+12 Bq 2 year 3.876E+12 Bq Decay (2 years) 2 years 2.915E+08 Bq Dilution 15 m E+01 Bq Limit of Be E+01 Bq Ratio 3.239E-01 Clear 50μm 100mm2
15 Handling of 7 Be in compliance with the regulations Proton Beam 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be 半減期 T1/2 :53.29day : Drainage Processing Accumulation Wash 洗浄 out Transfer to 貯留槽へ移送 reservoir tank Accumulation 貯留槽 (21 for ヶ月間貯留 24 month ) Storage 減衰保管 for decay for (21 24 ヶ月間 month ) Transfer to main tank Drainage after dilution
16 Evaluation of 50kW heat removal Filled Circle showed the CHF point. (CHF: Critical Heat Flux) Effect of the Δtsub (Consider the water flow) Area of the Nuclear Boiling Effect of the Δtsub (Not consider the water flow) Effect of water volume Forced Conversion Line Effect o the water pressure The data of CHF is quoted from Groeneveld table.
17 Target Cooling System 流量計 Flow rate(l/min) 圧力計 Pressure (MPa) No. 表示値 Measu. No. Measu 表示値. FL PS FL PS2 1.3 FL PS3 1.3 FL PS FL PS FL PS FL PS FL PS Total 合計 Average 平均 1.33
18 Lithium Recovery System VTSM Gate Valve Beam Tube Target Moderator Reflector
19 Reflector 2014/5/3 18
20 Evaluation of Lithium Target System calculated by PHITS 2.16 Teflon(24cm) MgF2(24cm) Fluental(24cm) (1/cm2/s) ratio(%) (1/cm2/s) ratio(%) (1/cm2/s) ratio(%) thermal neutron(~0.5ev) 1.36E % 1.24E % 5.58E % epithermal neutron(0.5ev~10kev) 1.79E % 1.79E % 1.97E % fast neutron(10kev~) 3.89E % 3.01E % 7.86E % total 2.19E % 2.10E % 2.76E % 1.6E E E+08 flux (1/cm2/source) 1.0E E E+07 Teflon(24cm) Fluental(24cm) MgF2(24cm) 4.0E E E+00 1.E-10 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 Neutron energy (MeV)
21 Cross section diagram of the facilities for the Accelerator Based BNCT CICS, Inc. Accelerator Room RFQ Linac Treatment Room Target System BED
22 3D Model of the BNCT facility
23 Housing of the Target System & Movable Shield Close Open 2014/5/3 22
24 Accelerator Room Aperture for down stream of the beam 2014/5/3 23
25 National Cancer Center: New Facility for Accelerator based BNCT 2014/5/3 24
26 Thank you
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