The ABCs of TBS. A Novice's Guide to the Bethesda System
|
|
- Oliver Williams
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CE U P D A T E W O M E N ' S HEALTH III Julia Woodruff Wildes, MD The ABCs of TBS A Novice's Guide to the Bethesda System This is the third and final article in a three-part series on women's health. The exam follows this article. On completion of this series, the reader will be able to describe laboratory findings associated with osteoporosis, list factors contributing to cardiovascular disease in women, and explain aspects of the Bethesda System for reporting Pap smears. From the Oregon Health Sciences University and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Reprint requests to Dr Wildes, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service (P-2-PATH), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 370 S W US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 9720; or wildes.julia_w@port land.va.gov The role of the Pap smear in decreasing deaths due to cervical carcinoma is one of the great success stories of modern medicine. From 97 to 98, the incidence and mortality rates for invasive cervical cancer declined 70% to 7% in the United States. This dramatic decrease seems to be due almost entirely to increased detection and therapy of precursor lesions, because in developing countries, where such screening is much less common, the death rate has shown little change during this period.2 by guest 6 VOLUME 29, NUMBER 9 Anatomy and Histologic Features of the Uterine Cervix An appreciation of the anatomy and histologic features of the uterine cervix is required to understand disorders of this organ (Fig ). The uterine cervix is the portion of the uterus immediately adjacent to the vagina. A portion of the cervix, the portio vaginalis, projects into the vagina and, as a consequence, is readily accessible for visual examination, Pap smear, and biopsy. The external part of the cervix, or ectocervix, is covered by squamous epithelium, a tough, protective epithelium found in other sites such as the skin and oral cavity. The internal portion of the cervix, or endocervix, is covered by mucus-secreting glandular (columnar) epithelium. The point at which squamous and glandular epithelium meet, the squamocolumnar junction, or transformation zone, is where most serious abnormalities arise. In younger women, the transformation zone tends to be located on the external portion of the cervix or in the lower part of the endocervical canal and, thus, is easily sampled. As a woman becomes older, however, this important zone recedes up the endocervical canal and may not be as amenable to sampling (Fig 2). Detection of Potential Precursors of Malignancy: The Most Important Function of the Pap Smear Although the Pap smear detects numerous minor and serious abnormalities, its most important function is detection of conditions that can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. These so-called precursor lesions, as well as squamous cell carcinoma itself, are highly associated with infection with specific serotypes of human by guest on November 208 The Pap smear is the most successful cancer screening method known, playing a pivotal role in the dramatic decrease in incidence of and mortality from invasive cervical cancer. The Bethesda System, sometimes called TBS, for reporting cytologic diagnoses of cervicovaginal samples originated from a conference held by the National Cancer Institute in 988. The Bethesda System provides a means of communicating Pap smear diagnoses to clinicians in a standardized manner and has largely supplanted previous systems, such as the Papanicolaou classification. This article provides basic information about premalignant and malignant lesions involving the cervix and their classification under the Bethesda System. A brief overview of relevant cervical anatomy and histologic and cytopathologic features is included.
2 UtariMtafca Ovary Extarnal cervical m Fig. Normal female internal genital organs. From Patton SF Jr. Anatomy and histology. In: Keebler CM, Somrak T M, eds. The Manual of Cytotechnology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 993:. Fig 2. Location of the transformation (squamocolumnar junction) zone in younger (A) and older (B) women. The heavy violet line indicates glandular (columnar) epithelium; the red line indicates squamous epithelium. by guest on November 208 papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted DNA virus. Infection by HPV may result in morphologic changes in cervical epithelial cells that may be detected by Pap smear or cervical biopsy. These morphologic changes form a continuum. The earliest changes may imply HPV infection only (condyloma). As the changes progress, atypical cells populate the cervical epithelium. The severity of the changes is estimated by the appearance of the abnormal cells in conjunction with the fraction of the total thickness of epithelium involved by these cells (Fig 3). Currently, three systems of terminology are used to describe these potentially serious abnormalities occurring in squamous cells. The oldest of these systems, which dates back to the 90s, uses the terms mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ to describe a progression in severity of abnormalities.3' Abnormal cells involve only the lower third of the squamous epithelium in mild dysplasia, the lower and middle thirds in moderate dysplasia, and the lower, middle, and upper thirds in severe dysplasia. In carcinoma in situ, severely abnormal cells populate the full thickness of the epithelium. During the 970s, the concept of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was introduced to emphasize the continuity of these changes. This system, which still is used widely in cervical biopsy diagnosis, is very similar to the oldest system; CIN and mild dysplasia are basically equivalent, as are CIN 2 and moderate dysplasia. CIN 3, however, encompasses severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The third system of terminology is the twotiered Bethesda System. The category low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) includes changes previously categorized as condyloma, mild dysplasia, and CIN. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) includes moderate and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and CIN 2 and CIN 3. These abnormalities were grouped together because the entities included in LSIL may be difficult to distinguish from each other cytologically, as may those included in HSIL. In addition, although many HPV serotypes may be seen in LSIL and HSIL, HPV types 6 and tend to predominate in LSIL, whereas other serotypes, including HPV type 6, tend to predominate in HSIL. Likewise, the entities included in LSIL c 3 E o 0 Category Classification System 0 IS (Year Introduced) Bethesda (988) Normal Cervical Normal HSIL LSIL Condyloma CIN z e CIN3 Intraepithelial Neoplasia (970s) Traditional (90s) Normal! Fig 3. Diagram of human papillomavirus-associated changes in the cervix using several systems of terminology. As dysplasia becomes more severe, a greater proportion of the epithelial thickness is involved by abnormal cells. Modified from Wright TC, Kurman RJ, Ferenczy A. Precancerous lesions of the cervix. In: Kurman RJ, ed. Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract. th ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY; 99:26. LSIL indicates low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. by guest VOLUME 29, NUMBER 9 7
3 exhibit a lesser rate of progression to more serious abnormalities if left untreated than do those included in HSL. Although this terminology was developed for use in cytologic diagnosis, it seems to reflect fundamental biologic differences and, thus, is used by some pathologists in biopsy interpretation. The original Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses arose from a workshop held in 988 at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md. The purpose of the workshop was to devise a means for clear and standardized communication of Pap smear diagnoses to clinicians.6 At the time of the workshop, the Papanicolaou classification, which consisted of five diagnostic classes, was in widespread use. Although of historic significance, the Papanicolaou system was deemed unacceptable for four reasons: Test time! Look for the CE Update exam on Women's Health (806) in this issue of Laboratory Medicine. Participants will earn 3 CMLE credit hours.. The classification as a whole did not reflect contemporary understanding of cervical and vaginal neoplasia. 2. The Papanicolaou classes had no consistent relationship to terminology used in biopsy diagnosis. 3. Abnormal but benign entities were largely omitted from the classification.. The original Papanicolaou classes had been modified to the extent that they no longer had the same significance in all institutions. Inclusion of a statement about adequacy of the specimen for diagnostic purposes is an important part of the Bethesda System because not all cervicovaginal smears are equally satisfactory for providing a definitive cytologic diagnosis. A specimen may be characterized as satisfactory for evaluation, satisfactory for evaluation but limited, or unsatisfactory for evaluation. The category "satisfactory for evaluation but limited (by some technical factor)" (originally "less than optimal") indicates that although a diagnosis may be given, the diagnosis may not be entirely valid owing to some technical factor. For example, if a smear taken from a premenopausal woman exhibits adequate numbers of well-preserved and wellvisualized squamous cells but with no cytologic evidence that the transformation zone has been sampled, the specimen is considered "satisfactory for evaluation but limited." The categories "satisfactory for evaluation" and "unsatisfactory for evaluation" are self-explanatory, with the understanding that a specimen is not considered unsatisfactory if abnormal cells are detected despite severe technical deficiencies. Four factors are considered when evaluating the adequacy of a specimen:. Patient and specimen identification 2. Pertinent clinical information 3. Technical interpretability. Cellular composition and sampling of the transformation zone Although there are obvious reasons that correct patient and specimen identification are required, correct identification also facilitates finding previous material from the patient for review if needed. Age of the patient and date of the last menstrual period, the minimum clinical information required, are essential for accurate In the Bethesda System, the format of the cervi- interpretation because the same cytologic finding covaginal cytopathology report consists of three may have different implications in different clinical settings. For example, the presence of elements: endometrial cells in the Pap smear is normal dur. A statement on the adequacy of the specimen for ing the first half of the menstrual cycle in a prediagnostic purposes ("satisfactory," "satisfactory menopausal woman, but in a postmenopausal but limited," or "unsatisfactory") woman, presence of endometrial cells requires 2. An optional general categorization of the diag- additional investigation because serious endomenosis ("within normal limits," "benign cellular trial disease, such as endometrial hyperplasia or changes," or "epithelial cell abnormality") 3. The descriptive diagnosis (ie, a more specific description of any abnormalities present) In 99, a second workshop was held to evaluate clinical use of the Bethesda System and make necessary revisions. The system widely used today for reporting Pap smear diagnoses is the product of this workshop.7'8 by guest 8 VOLUME 29, NUMBER 9 by guest on November 208 Origin of t h e Bethesda S y s t e m Adequacy of the Specimen for Evaluation
4 Fig. A ball of endometrial glandular and stromal cells (Papanicolaou stain, high power). Depending on the clinical setting, this may be a normal finding or may indicate the need for further workup. From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cyfofesf: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-. General Categorization The second element of the Bethesda System is assignment of the diagnosis to one of three general categories, ie, within normal limits, benign cellular changes (used for infections and reactive changes), and epithelial cell abnormality (used for potentially premalignant entities, such as LSIL and HSIL, and malignant entities). Assignment to a general category is optional and is used for triage and for recording statistical data. If a specimen is assigned to the category "within normal limits," no further explanation is required. Assignment to either of the other categories mandates elaboration under descriptive diagnosis. Descriptive Diagnosis Descriptive diagnoses fall within four categories. The two major categories are benign cellular changes, in which infections and benign abnormalities of squamous and glandular cells are more fully characterized, and epithelial cell abnormality, in which the exact nature of the abnormality and the cell type affected are given, when they are possible to determine (see "Epithelial Cell Abnormality"). Other categories are other malignant neoplasms (ie, the rare malignant neoplasms that are not of squamous or glandular origin, such as lymphoma or sarcoma) and hormonal evaluation, which indicates whether the cellular composition of the smear is compatible Fig. The large polygonal cells with small round nuclei are normal superficial and intermediate squamous epithelial cells (Papanicolaou stain, high power). The small pear-shaped blue organisms are Trichomonas. From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cyfofesf: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-. with the patient's age and history. The latter two categories will not be discussed in this article; for additional information, see Kurman and Solomon's text on the Bethesda System9 and DeMay's The Art and Science of Cytopathology.0 Benign Cellular Changes The "benign cellular changes" category, an area not well addressed by the Papanicolaou classification, includes cervical and vaginal infectious agents exhibiting morphologic features sufficiently distinctive that they at least can be suggested by microscopic examination. Trichomonas vaginalis may be identified definitively on Pap smear (Fig ). by guest VOLUME 29, NUMBER 9 9 by guest on November 208 adenocarcinoma, may be present (Fig ). The criterion for technical interpretability requires that enough well-preserved and well-visualized squamous cells be present for adequate evaluation (see reference 9 for specific criteria). Such factors as obscuring blood, inflammation, areas where the smear is too thick, poor fixation, and air-drying artifact may compromise interpretation or, if too extensive, completely preclude it. The transformation zone must be sampled because most serious abnormalities detected by Pap smear tend to involve this region. The presence of endocervical glandular or squamous metaplastic cells is considered evidence that the transformation zone is represented. However, this zone may not be accessible for sampling in postmenopausal women because of its location. Thus, in some circumstances, an optimal specimen may contain neither endocervical glandular nor squamous metaplastic cells.
5 However, because cytologic examination is not the reference method for identification of most organisms, a qualifying phrase is often added. Thus, the presence of budding yeasts, pseudohyphae, and true hyphae is reported as "fungal organisms morphologically consistent with Candida spp." Viral infections may manifest by typical morphologic changes in epithelial cells. For herpes simplex virus, these changes include nuclei exhibiting a ground-glass quality with peripheral margination of chromatin, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, and multinudeation with nuclear molding (Fig 6). These cytopathologic effects are reported as "cellular changes associated with herpes simplex virus." Viral cytopathic effects of HPV, on the other hand, are reported under the heading "epithelial cell abnormality" because of the association of HPV with premalignant and malignant entities. Also included among benign cellular changes are those that are reactive in response to inflammation, atrophy (with or without inflammation), radiation, and intrauterine contraceptive devices. These morphologic changes are benign and welldefined; abnormalities exceeding these criteria are encompassed by the general category "epithelial cell abnormality." Epithelial Cell Abnormality Epithelial cell abnormalities include those arising in squamous and glandular cells. These abnormalities span a spectrum from lesions that are not by guest 0 VOLUME 29, NUMBER 9 by guest on November 208 Fig 6. Cellular changes associated with herpes simplex virus (Papanicolaou stain, high power). Note nuclear molding, best appreciated in cells located at 9 o'clock. From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cytotest: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-. unequivocally benign but that cannot be characterized more definitively (atypical squamous or glandular cells of uncertain significance) to frankly invasive squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. The most important function of the Pap smear is detection of the abnormalities that are potential precursors of invasive squamous cell carcinoma so that biopsy confirmation and treatment can be initiated. As previously mentioned, the category LSIL includes mild dysplasia (CIN ) and HPV cytopathic effect (condyloma). The inclusion of both entities within the same category has been one of the more controversial aspects of the Bethesda System, because some experts have regarded HPV effect as merely indicative of infection and not necessarily a precursor lesion. However, similarities in cytomorphologic features, rate of progression to more serious abnormalities, and associated HPV serotypes support the inclusion of HPV cytopathic effect in the LSIL category. The entities included in HSIL seem closely related to each other for similar reasons. Nuclear morphologic abnormalities are needed to make a diagnosis of SIL. The nuclei of cells that raise suspicion of abnormality are compared with those of normal intermediate squamous cells found in the patient's smear. In general, dysplastic squamous cells exhibit enlarged nuclei with darker chromatin staining (hyperchromasia), irregular nuclear contours, and a higher nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio than normal cells (Figs 7-0). Some abnormal cells may be multinucleated, and others may exhibit a clear perinuclear zone rimmed by dense cytoplasm (koilocytosis) (Fig 7). Abnormalities in LSIL and HSIL constitute a spectrum, with HSIL generally showing greater hyperchromasia, more irregular nuclear outlines, more granular chromatin, and a higher nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio than LSIL (for example, compare the cells in Figs 7 and 8 with those in Figs 9 and 0). Invasive squamous cell carcinoma may exhibit features of HSIL; however, other features, such as macronucleoli, markedly irregular chromatin distribution, and a
6 #. / i Fig 8. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (Papanicolaou stain, high power). These dysplastic cells exhibit abundant cytoplasm and a relatively low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The nuclei, however, are large and darkly staining (hyperchromatic). From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cytotest: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-2. > by guest on November 208 Fig 7. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (Papanicolaou stain, high power). Three binucleated koilocytes, exhibiting human papillomavirus cytopathic effect. In addition to prominent perinuclear clearing, the nuclei of these cells are larger and more darkly staining than those of normal squamous cells. From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cytotest: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-9. $\ \ t # r^^ & ^ Fig 9. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (Papanicolaou stain, high power). Note the higher nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and greater hyperchromasia of these cells (moderate dysplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2) than is found in a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cytotest: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-37. tumor diathesis composed of blood and necrotic debris, may be present. In addition, if the tumor produces keratin (keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma), the size and shape of malignant cells and their nuclei may vary greatly (Fig ). Pap smear examination also may detect abnormalities of glandular cells. In this situation, the diagnostic statement includes not only the degree of abnormality present (eg, adenocarcinoma), but also the probable site of origin. The latter is important because glandular abnormalities may arise in the endocervix or endometrium (the lining of the uterus). In addition, adenocarcinoma metastatic from an extrauterine primary neoplasm rarely may be seen in the Fig 0. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (Papanicolaou stain, high power). These cells are from a patient with squamous carcinoma in situ (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3). They have scant cytoplasm, a very high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and coarsely granular chromatin. From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cytotest: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-38. r " : w i -.! r t ( m v Fig. Invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (Papanicolaou stain, high power). Note the irregular shapes, dense orange or pink cytoplasm, and irregular darkly staining nuclei of these cells. In the background is necrotic debris ("tumor diathesis") associated with invasion. From Bigner SH, Erozan YS, Giant MD. Cytotest: A Practice Examination in Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 99:-36. by guest VOLUME 29. NUMBER 9
7 Please let us know your opinion of the Women's Health (806) series.. The series met the objectives stated in the abstract. 2. The series provided useful technical data or original ideas. 3. The information provided in the series was new and timely. 2. Technical points were explained clearly and were easy to comprehend. 2» 3. The text was organized logically. Conclusion The Pap smear is the most successful cancer screening method known. The Bethesda System provides a means of communicating Pap smear diagnoses in a concise, reproducible, and readily understood format Illustrations, charts, and tables helped explain text and added to series value. Comments: (Attach additional pages, if necessary.) References. Devesa SS, Silverman DT, Young JL, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, / Natl Cancer Inst. 987;79: Pisani P. Parkin DM, Ferlay J. Estimates of the worldwide mortality from eighteen major cancers in 98: implications for prevention and projections of future burden. Int ] Cancer. 993;: Reagan JW, Seideman JL, Saracusa Y. The cellular morphology of carcinoma in situ and dysplasia or atypical hyperplasia of the uterine cervix. Cancer. 93;6: Reagan JW, Hamonic MJ. Dysplasia of the uterine cervix; part IV: the cytology of early cancer. Ann N Y Acad Set. 96;63: Richart RM. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Pathology Annual. 973;8: National Cancer Institute. The 988 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses. Acta Cytol. 989;33: National Cancer Institute. The revised Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses: report of the 99 Bethesda workshop. Acta Cytol. 992;36: National Cancer Institute. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses. Acta Cytol. 993;37: Kurman RJ, Solomon D. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses: Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes for Terminology and Specimen Adequacy. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; DeMay RM. 77ie Art and Science of Cytopathology. Chicago, III: ASCP Press; 996. by guest 2 VOLUME 29. NUMBER 9 Thank you for your input. Mail this form (or a photocopy) alone or with your exam to: Laboratory Medicine, 200 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL by guest on November 208 Pap smear. Obviously, the nature of any additional diagnostic procedures required will depend on the site involved. Endocervical cell abnormalities range from findings that are too atypical for the cytopathologist to be certain that they are only reactive but that are not diagnostic of a premalignant or malignant entity (atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance, or AGUS) to frankly invasive adenocarcinoma. Endometrial cell abnormalities also span a spectrum. At one end of the spectrum are cells that appear completely normal but that are found at times when their presence alone suggests the need for further investigation to exclude serious disease (see "Adequacy of the Specimen for Evaluation"). At the other end of the spectrum are obvious adenocarcinomas.
EU guidelines for reporting gynaecological cytology
EU guidelines for reporting gynaecological cytology Amanda Herbert Guy s & St Thomas Foundation NHS Trust 5th EFCS Annual Tutorial, Trondheim, Norway 28 th May 1 st June 2012 EU guidelines aim to harmonize
More informationHistopathology: Cervical HPV and neoplasia
Histopathology: Cervical HPV and neoplasia These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information that you need to learn about
More informationCervical Cancer : Pap smear
Taking a PAP SMEAR Cervical Cancer : Pap smear George N Papanicolaou introduced cervical cytology in clinical practice in 1940 In 1945, PAP smear was endorsed by American cancer society as an effective
More informationCytyc Corporation - Case Presentation Archive - July 2002
ThinPrep Pap Test History: 34 Year Old Female LMP: Day 20 Specimen Type: Cervical/Vaginal Case provided by Mark Tulecke, M.D. and Gabrielle Trawinski CT (ASCP), Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
More informationCINtec p16 INK4a Staining Atlas
CINtec p16 INK4a Staining Atlas Rating Rating Positive The rating positive will be assigned if the p16 INK4a -stained slide shows a continuous staining of cells of the basal and parabasal cell layers of
More informationPrepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih
Prepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih The structure of the suspected atypical cell should always be compared to the structure of other similar, benign, cells which are present in the smears. The diagnosis
More informationWorkshop for O& G trainees and paramedics 17 Dec 2011 Cytological Interpretation
Workshop for O& G trainees and paramedics 17 Dec 2011 Cytological Interpretation May Yu Director of Cytology Laboratory Service Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital Cervical
More informationSQUAMOUS CELLS: Atypical squamous cells (ASC) - of undetermined significance (ASC-US) - cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H)
SQUAMOUS CELLS: Atypical squamous cells (ASC) - of undetermined significance (ASC-US) - cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H) ASC refers to cytologic changes suggestive of SIL, which are qualitativley or quantitatively
More informationPAP SMEAR by Dr.Shantha Krishnamurthy MD Senior Consultant Pathology Fortis Hospitals
PAP SMEAR by Dr.Shantha Krishnamurthy MD Senior Consultant Pathology Fortis Hospitals Historical Named after George Papanicolaou, a Greek American Studied cervical epithelium in menstrual cycle of guinea
More informationHyperchromatic Crowded Groups: What is Your Diagnosis? Session 3000
Hyperchromatic Crowded Groups: What is Your Diagnosis? Session 3000 Thomas A. Bonfiglio, M.D. Professor Emeritus, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Disclosures In the past 12 months,
More informationCervical Cancer Screening for the Primary Care Physician for Average Risk Individuals Clinical Practice Guidelines. June 2013
Cervical Cancer Screening for the Primary Care Physician for Average Risk Individuals Clinical Practice Guidelines General Principles: Since its introduction in 1943, Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is widely
More informationClinical Practice Guidelines June 2013
Clinical Practice Guidelines June 2013 General Principles: The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is widely credited with reducing mortality from cervical cancer, and remains the single best method for the early
More informationCytoplasmic changes Nuclear changes
The presence of infection in the female genital tract may procure certain cellular changes in the epithelium. Such changes are seen in nucleus and cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Cytoplasmic changes
More informationMaking Sense of Cervical Cancer Screening
Making Sense of Cervical Cancer Screening New Guidelines published November 2012 Tammie Koehler DO, FACOG The incidence of cervical cancer in the US has decreased more than 50% in the past 30 years because
More information1.Acute and Chronic Cervicitis - At the onset of menarche, the production of estrogens by the ovary stimulates maturation of the cervical and vaginal
Diseases of cervix I. Inflammations 1.Acute and Chronic Cervicitis - At the onset of menarche, the production of estrogens by the ovary stimulates maturation of the cervical and vaginal squamous mucosa
More informationCervicovaginal Cytology: Normal and Abnormal Cells and Adequacy of Specimens
Cervicovaginal Cytology: Normal and Abnormal Cells and Adequacy of Specimens 3 Christine Bergeron, MD, PhD Introduction Carcinoma of the cervix is a slow growing cancer, which is preceded by precancerous
More informationJanuary 15, 2009 (202) PROPOSALS TO IMPROVE CYTOLOGY PROFICIENCY TESTING REQUIRED BY THE CLINICAL LABORATORY IMPROVEMENT AMENDMENTS OF 1988
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Room 352-G 200 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20201 Office of Media Affairs CMS FACT SHEET FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact:
More informationLGM International, Inc.
Liqui-PREP TM Cytology Atlas Preface The following pictures are examples with descriptions of cytology slides processed with the Liqui-PREP TM System.. The descriptions are reviewed by Pathologists. It
More informationANALYSES OF CERVICAL CANCER IN RAJKOT POPULATION
Electronic Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4, 15-20 (2011) ISSN: 0973-9890 (Available online at wwwtcrjournalscom) Clinical Article ndexed in: ProQuest database Abstract, USA (ProQuest Science
More informationChapter 10: Pap Test Results
Chapter 10: Pap Test Results On completion of this section, the learner will be able to: 1. Identify how Pap test results are interpreted and the reasons for normal and abnormal results. 2. Describe the
More informationFaculty Pap Smear Guidelines: Family Planning Update 2008 Part Two
Faculty Pap Smear Guidelines: Family Planning Update 2008 Part Two Seshu P. Sarma, MD, FAAP Emory University Regional Training Center Atlanta, Georgia Produced by the Alabama Department of Public Health
More informationAppropriate Use of Cytology and HPV Testing in the New Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines
Appropriate Use of Cytology and HPV Testing in the New Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines Tim Kremer, MD Ralph Anderson, MD 1 Objectives Describe the natural history of HPV particularly as it relates
More informationCytology and Surgical Pathology of Gynecologic Neoplasms
Cytology and Surgical Pathology of Gynecologic Neoplasms Current Clinical Pathology ANTONIO GIORDANO, MD, PHD SERIES EDITOR For further titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/springer/series/7632
More informationGYN (Glandulars) Still Difficult After All These Years! Dina R Mody, MD Director of Cytology Laboratories and fellowship Program Methodist Hospital
GYN (Glandulars) Still Difficult After All These Years! Dina R Mody, MD Director of Cytology Laboratories and fellowship Program Methodist Hospital and Bioreference Labs (Houston) Department of Pathology
More informationGynecologic Cytopathology: Glandular lesions
Gynecologic Cytopathology: Glandular lesions Lin Wai Fung (MSc, MPH, CMIAC) 17/4/2014 Glandular lesions of the uterus Endocervix Endometrium Normal endocervical cells Sheets, strips well-preserved architecture:
More informationBOSNIAN-TURKISH CYTOPATHOLOGY SCHOOL June 18-19, 2016 Sarajevo. Case Discussions. 60 year old woman Routine gynecologic control LBC
BOSNIAN-TURKISH CYTOPATHOLOGY SCHOOL June 18-19, 2016 Sarajevo Case Discussions Prof Dr Sıtkı Tuzlalı Tuzlalı Pathology Laboratory 60 year old woman Routine gynecologic control LBC 1 2 Endometrial thickening
More informationCervical Precancer: Evaluation and Management
TAJ June 2002; Volume 15 Number 1 ISSN 1019-8555 The Journal of Teachers Association RMC, Rajshahi Review fam Cervical Precancer: Evaluation and Management SM Khodeza Nahar Begum 1 Abstract Carcinoma of
More informationUnderstanding Your Pap Test Results
Understanding Your Pap Test Results Most laboratories in the United States use a standard set of terms called the Bethesda System to report pap test results. Normal: Pap samples that have no cell abnormalities
More informationThe diagnostic category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined
100 CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY Significance of a Diagnosis of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance for Papanicolaou Smears in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Jeffrey T. Keating, M.D.
More informationClinically Microscopically Pathogenesis: autoimmune not lifetime
Vulvar Diseases: Can be divided to non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. The neoplastic diseases are much less common. Of those, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common. most common in postmenopausal
More informationA Study on Diagnostic Accuracy of Cervical Pap Smear by Correlating with Histopathology in a Tertiary Care Centre
Original Article DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1878 A Study on Diagnostic Accuracy of Cervical Pap Smear by Correlating with Histopathology in a Tertiary Care Centre Rachana L Y, S.S. Hiremath*, Prabhu M H, S.S
More informationEvaluation of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions on Cervical Smear
The Korean Journal of Pathology 2010; 44: 528-35 DOI: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.5.528 Evaluation of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
More informationInternational Journal of Biological & Medical Research
Int J Biol Med Res. ; 2(3): 757-761 Int J Biol Med Res www.biomedscidirect.com Volume 2, Issue 3, July BioMedSciDirect Publications Contents lists available at BioMedSciDirect Publications International
More informationColposcopy. Attila L Major, MD, PhD
Colposcopy Attila L Major, MD, PhD Histology Colposcopy Cytology It has been estimated that annual Pap smear testing reduces a woman s chance of dying of cervical cancer from 4 in 1000 to about 5 in 10,000
More informationHPV and Cervical Cancer, Screening and Prevention. John Ragsdale, MD July 12, 2018 CME Lecture Series
HPV and Cervical Cancer, Screening and Prevention John Ragsdale, MD July 12, 2018 CME Lecture Series We have come a long Way Prevalence HPV in Young Adults in U.S HPV genotypes 55-60% of All cancers 20%
More informationCytology Report Format
Squamous Precursor Lesions and Malignancies In Pap Test Dina R. Mody, MD, FCAP Director of Cytology The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Medical College
More informationMorphology I Slide: 1
Morphology I Slide: 1 Morphology I Slide: 2 ThinPrep Morphology Normal Cytology Morphology I Slide: 3 CT & Pathologist Training Training program begins with ThinPrep morphology presentation Microscopic
More informationNew Diagnoses Need New Approaches: A Glimpse into the Near Future of Gynecologic Pathology
New Diagnoses Need New Approaches: A Glimpse into the Near Future of Gynecologic Pathology United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology 102 nd Annual Meeting Baltimore, Maryland Christina S. Kong, M.D.
More informationCervical Dysplasia and HPV
Cervical Dysplasia and HPV J. Anthony Rakowski D.O., F.A.C.O.O.G. MSU SCS Board Review Coarse HPV Double stranded DNA virus The HPV infect epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes Highest risk
More informationObjectives. Atypical Glandular Cells. Atypical Endocervical Cells. Reactive Endocervical Cells
2013 California Society of Pathologists 66 th Annual Meeting San Francisco, CA Atypical Glandular Cells to Early Invasive Adenocarcinoma: Cervical Cytology and Histology Christina S. Kong, MD Associate
More informationHPV Testing & Cervical Cancer Screening:
HPV Testing & Cervical Cancer Screening: Are they linked? By William Chapman, MD, FRCPC Screening for precursor lesions of cervical cancer by the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has been one of the greatest success
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Cytodiagnostic Study of Cervical Lesions Using the Bethesda System with Histopathological Tahera
More informationIndex. Cytoplasm, nonepithelial malignant tumor features 70
Accurette device 23 Adenosarcoma, differential diagnosis 80, 81 Arias-Stella reaction 65 Atypical endocervical cells 8 Atypical endometrial cells 8 Atypical glandular cells (AGC) 8, 9 Atypical glandular
More informationACGME Competency / Milestone Assessment. The Pap Test. Ricardo R. Lastra, MD Zubair W. Baloch, MD, PhD
1 ACGME Competency / Milestone Assessment The Pap Test Ricardo R. Lastra, MD Zubair W. Baloch, MD, PhD Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine
More informationTable of Contents. 1. Overview. 2. Interpretation Guide. 3. Staining Gallery Cases Negative for CINtec PLUS
Staining Atlas Table of Contents 1. Overview 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Role of p16 INK4a 1.3 Role of Ki-67 1.4 Molecular Pathogenesis 1.5 p16 INK4a Expression in Cervical Dysplasia 1.6 The Concept of CINtec
More informationPap Smears Pelvic Examinations Well Woman Examinations. When should you have them performed???
Pap Smears Pelvic Examinations Well Woman Examinations. When should you have them performed??? Arlene Evans-DeBeverly, PA-C Copyright 2012 There are always ongoing changes in gynecology, including the
More informationThe society for lower genital tract disorders since 1964.
The society for lower genital tract disorders since 1964. Updated Consensus Guidelines for Managing Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors American Society for and Cervical Pathology
More informationLessons From Cases of Screened Women Who Developed Cervical Carcinoma
Lessons From Cases of Screened Women Who Developed Cervical Carcinoma R. Marshall Austin MD,PhD Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center raustin@magee.edu Why Focus Study On Cases
More informationA cyto-histopathological correlation study of lesions of uterine cervix
Original Research Article Mandakini B. Tengli 1,*, Mohammed Mateen Ahmed 2 1 Associate Professor, 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pathology, KBNIMS, Gulbarga *Corresponding Author: Email: mandakinibt@gmail.com
More informationCervical Testing and Results Management. An Evidenced-Based Approach April 22nd, Debora Bear, MSN, MPH
Cervical Testing and Results Management An Evidenced-Based Approach April 22nd, 2010 Debora Bear, MSN, MPH Assistant Medical Director for Planned Parenthood of New Mexico, Inc. Burden of cervical cancer
More informationInt. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2(3): (ISSN: ) Impact Factor 2.4 MAY Research Article (Open access)
Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2(3): -279-284 (ISSN: 2455-1716) Impact Factor 2.4 MAY-2016 Research Article (Open access) Detection of Abnormal Cervical Cytology by Papanicolaou Stained (PAP) Smears
More informationCERVIX. MLS Basic histological diagnosis MLS HIST 422 Semester 8- batch 7 L12 : Dr. Ali Eltayb.
CERVIX MLS Basic histological diagnosis MLS HIST 422 Semester 8- batch 7 L12 : Dr. Ali Eltayb. CERVIX Most cervical lesions are: Most are Cervicitis. cancers ( common in women worldwide). CERVICITIS Extremely
More informationComparative Study of Pap Smear Quality by using Ayre s Spatula versus Ayre s Spatula and Cytobrush Combination
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparative Study of Pap Smear Quality by using Ayre s Spatula versus Ayre s Spatula and Cytobrush Combination Numi Anjum 1, B Sindhoora 2 1. Tutor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
More informationSCOPE OF PRACTICE PGY-5
Recognize normal cytomorphology of cells derived from the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, and body fluid (Cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal fluid) Recognize normal cytomorphology
More informationGUIDELINE FOR SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER: REVISED
GUIDELINE FOR SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER: REVISED This guideline is a revised version of the guideline developed in February 2000, by the Cervical Cancer Screening Working Group. This revised version
More informationPREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER
PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER Author: Dr R. Fuentes MBchb, Havana Spec. OB,GY-Havana- 2011 CONTENT TABLE Abbreviations 2 Introduction 4 The natural history of Cervical cancer 4 Risk Factors 4 Incidence
More information!"#$%&'(#)*$+&,$-&.#,$/#0()1-$ ),1')$2(%&,2#,%$%(0'#$34567$
!"#$%&'(#)*$+&,$-&.#,$/#0()1-$ ),1')$2(%&,2#,%$%(0'#$34567$ Updated Consensus Guidelines for Managing Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors American Society for and Cervical Pathology
More informationCervical Conization. 1
Cervical Conization www.zohrehyousefi.com 1 Cone Biopsy is a surgical procedure with removal of a cone shaped portion of the cervix The extent of involvement of epithelium on the ectocervix has been clearly
More informationUtility of Pap Smear in Cervical Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 1 (2017) pp. 319-323 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.601.039
More informationBC Cancer Cervix Screening 2015 Program Results. February 2018
BC Cancer Cervix Screening 2015 Program Results BC Cancer Cervix Screening 2015 Program Results 2 Table of Contents BC Cancer Cervix Screening 2015 Program Results... 1 Table of Contents... 2 Program Overview...
More informationThe concept that invasive squamous cell carcinoma of
REVIEW ARTICLE Redefining Early Cervical Neoplasia: Recent Progress Marisa R. Nucci, MD and Christopher P. Crum, MD Abstract: The classification of cervical precancers has evolved over the past 40 years
More informationWhat Causes Cervical Cancer? Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Cervical Health Awareness Month is a chance to raise awareness about how women can protect themselves from HPV (human papillomavirus) and cervical cancer. HPV is a very common infection that spreads through
More informationCase year female. Routine Pap smear
Case 1 57 year female Routine Pap smear Diagnosis? 1. Atypical glandular cells of unknown significance (AGUS) 2. Endocervical AIS 3. Endocervical adenocarcinoma 4. Endometrial adenocarcinoma 5. Adenocarcinoma
More informationGlandular lesions in cervical cytology. Margareta Strojan Fležar Institute of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Slovenia
Glandular lesions in cervical cytology Margareta Strojan Fležar Institute of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Slovenia 2nd PANNONIA CONGRESS OF PATHOLOGY, SIÓFOK, HUNGARY, 17-19 MAY
More informationPap Reports. Of all women undergoing Papanicolaou (Pap) What Now? Women s Health. What has changed?
Pap Reports What Now? Prafull Ghatage, MB, ChB, FRCSC As presented at the Calgary Health Region s 37th Annual Mackid Symposium: Cancer Care in the Community (May 22, 2003) Of all women undergoing Papanicolaou
More informationEradicating Mortality from Cervical Cancer
Eradicating Mortality from Cervical Cancer Michelle Berlin, MD, MPH Vice Chair, Obstetrics & Gynecology Associate Director, Center for Women s Health June 2, 2009 Overview Prevention Human Papilloma Virus
More informationStudy of Cervical Pap Smears in a Tertiary Hospital
250 Original Study Study of Cervical Pap Smears in a Tertiary Hospital Sunita A. Bamanikar, Professor, Department of Pathology, Dadaso S. Baravkar, Resident Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Shirish
More informationRunning head: EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE TWO-STEP DISCREPANCY
Evidence-Based Medicine Two-Step Discrepancy 1 Running head: EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE TWO-STEP DISCREPANCY Evidence-Based Medicine Two-Step Discrepancy Julie Nelson Texas Woman s University Philosophy of
More informationCytology/Biopsy/Leep Gynecologic Correlation: Practical Considerations and Approaches.
Cytology/Biopsy/Leep Gynecologic Correlation: Practical Considerations and Approaches. Fadi W. Abdul-Karim MD MEd. Professor of Pathology. Vice chair for education. Robert Tomsich Pathology and Lab Med
More informationClinical Guidance: Recommended Best Practices for Delivery of Colposcopy Services in Ontario Best Practice Pathway Summary
Clinical Guidance: Recommended Best Practices for Delivery of Colposcopy Services in Ontario Best Practice Pathway Summary Glossary of Terms Colposcopy is the examination of the cervix, vagina and, in
More informationCytyc Corporation - Case Presentation Archive - June 2003
ThinPrep General Cytology History: Asymptomatic 35 Year Old Male Specimen type: Anal Cytology - This specimen was collected using a Dacron swab under proctoscopic visualization. This case was provided
More informationCase 3 - GYN. History: 66 year old, routine Pap test. Dr. Stelow
Case 3 - GYN History: 66 year old, routine Pap test Dr. Stelow Case 3 66 year year old woman Routine Pap Test Cytologic Features 3 dimensional clusters of cells with small to moderate amount of
More informationCellular Pathology Of Glandular Lesions And Uncommon Neoplasms Of The Cervix By Glenn McCluggage;John Tidy;John Smith READ ONLINE
Cellular Pathology Of Glandular Lesions And Uncommon Neoplasms Of The Cervix By Glenn McCluggage;John Tidy;John Smith READ ONLINE If looking for a book by Glenn McCluggage;John Tidy;John Smith Cellular
More informationIndex 179. Genital tract contaminants, 17, 20, 22, 150 papilloma virus-infected cells, 47 squamous cells, sources of, 7
Index Accuracy of urinary cytology, 166 Acute inflammatory cells, 38 catheter sample, 39 herpes simplex infections, 44 carcinomas, 104, 105 non-viral inclusions, 52, 53 voided urine, 17 Adenocarcinoma
More informationQUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM CYTOLOGY CYCLE 01/2018 (TRIAL)
[Pick the Date] FINAL REPORT QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM CYTOLOGY CYCLE 01/2018 (TRIAL) NOTES FROM THE COORDINATOR 1. For this cycle 01/2018, a total of 32 pen drives had been circulated. Twenty-eight institutions
More informationProfile Of Cervical Smears Cytology In Western Region Of Saudi Arabia
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics Volume 1 Number 2 Profile Of Cervical Smears Cytology In Western Region Of Saudi Arabia I Mansoor Citation I Mansoor. Profile Of Cervical Smears
More informationAtypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance Outcome Predictions Based on Human Papillomavirus Testing
Anatomic Pathology / ATYPICAL GLANDULAR CELLS AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance Outcome Predictions Based on Human Papillomavirus Testing Jeffrey F. Krane,
More informationThe Bethesda System: Updates for th Cytopathology Congress Bursa, Turkey October 14, 2015
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL The Bethesda System: Updates for 2015 6th Cytopathology Congress Bursa, Turkey October 14, 2015 David C. Wilbur, M.D. Dept. of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital DISCLOSURES
More informationMaturation Index 3/29/2017. Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships. Gynecologic Cytology. Normal Maturation of Squamous Epithelium : :
Gynecologic Cytology Fadi W. Abdul Karim, MD MEd Department of Anatomic Pathology Vice Chair Education RT PLMI Professor of Pathology Cleveland Clinic. Cleveland Ohio Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships
More informationCervical Screening for Dysplasia and Cancer in Patients with HIV
Cervical Screening for Dysplasia and Cancer in Patients with HIV Adult Clinical Guideline from the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute w w w.hivg uidelines.org Purpose of the Guideline Increase
More informationThe Bethesda System for Reporting
The Bethesda System Robert J. Kurman Diane Solomon The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes for Terminology and Specimen Adequacy
More informationPap Smear and Histopathological Study of Cervical Lesions
Global Journal of Medical research: c Microbiology and Pathology Volume 14 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc.
More informationHIV and AIDS Related Cancers DR GORDON AMBAYO UHS
HIV and AIDS Related Cancers DR GORDON AMBAYO UHS INTRODUCTION People with HIV/AIDS are at high risk for developing certain cancers, such as: Kaposi's sarcoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer.
More informationEstimated New Cancers Cases 2003
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.071: Human Reproductive Biology Course Director: Professor Henry Klapholz Estimated New Cancers Cases 2003 Images removed due to copyright reasons.
More informationComparison of Cytologic Characteristics between Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Adenoid Basal Carcinoma in the Uterine Cervix
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 2015; 49: 396-402 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison of Cytologic Characteristics between Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Adenoid Basal Carcinoma in the Uterine Cervix
More informationDysplasia: layer of the cervical CIN. Intraepithelial Neoplasia. p16 immunostaining. 1, Cervical. Higher-risk, requires CIN.
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE Guideline Number: DHMP_DHMC_PG1015 Guideline Subject: Routine Cervical Cancer Screening Effective Date: 9/2018 Revision Date: 9/2019 Pages: 2 of 2 Quality Management Committee
More informationDepartment of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2007), Vol. 5, No. 4, Issue 20, 461-467 Original Article Correlation of PAP smear findings with clinical findings and cervical biopsy Pradhan B 1, Pradhan SB 2, Mital
More informationNormal Morphology. Anatomic Considerations. Normal Urothelial Histology and Cytology
1 Normal Morphology Anatomic Considerations The urinary tract can be divided into three regions: the kidney; the calyces, pelves and ureters (upper collecting system or upper tract); and the bladder and
More informationI have no financial interests in any product I will discuss today.
Cervical Cancer Screening Update and Implications for Annual Exams George F. Sawaya, MD Professor Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
More informationchapter 4. The effect of oncogenic HPV on transformation zone epithelium
chapter 4. The effect of oncogenic HPV on transformation zone epithelium CHAPTER 1 All squamous cervical cancer (and probably all cervical adenocarcinoma) is associated with oncogenic HPV, and the absence
More informationMorphologic Features Which Affect Validation And Proficiency Test Performance Of BiopsyProven HSIL Pap Tests. The ASCP GYN PT & Assessment Committee
Morphologic Features Which Affect Validation And Proficiency Test Performance Of BiopsyProven HSIL Pap Tests The ASCP GYN PT & Assessment Committee The ASCP GYN PT & Assessment Committee Robert A. Goulart,
More informationPRESENTATION PLAN. Aim: Bethesda System 2001
REACTIVE CELLULAR CHANGES AND INFECTIONS OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT Aysun Uğuz, Prof, MD, FIAC Çukurova Üniv. Tıp Fak. Pathology Department-Cytology Division 18.Nisan.2015 Aim: The aim of the presentation
More informationReceived, June 29, 1904; accepted for publication
THE AMEBICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Copyright 1964 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 42, No. 0 Printed in U.S.A. CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE ENDOMETRIUM ISABELLE A. BUEHL, M.D., PRANK VELLIOS, M.D.,
More informationEndometrial Metaplasia, Hyperplasia & Other Cancer Mimics: a Consultant s Experience
Endometrial Metaplasia, Hyperplasia & Other Cancer Mimics: a Consultant s Experience Pacific Northwest Society of Pathologists Vancouver, B.C. September 26, 2015 Teri A. Longacre, M.D. longacre@stanford.edu
More informationHKCOG GUIDELINES NUMBER 3 (revised November 2002) published by The Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
HKCOG Guidelines Guidelines on the Management of An Abnormal Cervical Smear Number 3 revised November 2002 published by The Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists A Foundation College of
More informationPromoting Cervical Screening Information for Health Professionals. Cervical Cancer
Promoting Cervical Screening Information for Health Professionals Cervical Cancer PapScreen Victoria Cancer Council Victoria 1 Rathdowne St Carlton VIC 3053 Telephone: (03) 635 5147 Fax: (03) 9635 5360
More informationCervical Cancer Screening. David Quinlan December 2013
Cervical Cancer Screening David Quinlan December 2013 Cervix Cervical Cancer Screening Modest variation provincially WHO and UK begin at 25 stop at 60 Finland begin at 30 stop at 60 Rationale for
More informationBecoming a colposcopist: Colposcope case studies
Becoming a colposcopist: Colposcope case studies Seon-Kyung Lee, M.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Value of Colposcopy Cytology is an effective screening
More informationICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM DIAGNOSIS CODE MAPPING. Central Valley Public Health: Women's Way
ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM DIAGNOSIS CODE MAPPING Central Valley Public Health: Women's Way ICD-9-CM (Top 35) ICD-10-CM ICD-10-CM Description COMMENTS V10.3: Personal history of malignant neoplasm of Z85.3
More informationStandards for Pathology Informatics in Australia (SPIA)
Standards for Pathology Informatics in Australia (SPIA) Reporting Terminology and Codes Cytopathology (v3.0) Superseding and incorporating the Australian Pathology Units and Terminology Standards and Guidelines
More information