New international developments in RF bioeffect mechanism research

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Philippa Park
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1 New international developments in RF bioeffect mechanism research

2 Effects and mechanisms Physics Biophysics Biochem Biology Health

3 Bioeffects database ICNIRP blue books National reports (France, Sweden, Australia, etc.) IARC 2015 SCENIHR 2015 EHC of WHO 2016 etc.

European Code against Cancer 2015 4th Edition: Ionising and non-ionising radiation and cancer Non-ionising types of radiation including

4 European Code against Cancer th Edition: Ionising and non-ionising radiation and cancer Non-ionising types of radiation including ELF EMF as well as RF EMF are not an established cause of cancer and are therefore not addressed in the recommendations to reduce cancer risk.

SCENIHR 2015 on mechanisms Several interaction mechanisms in the RF range are well established. A number of studies proposed other candidate mechanisms.

5 SCENIHR 2015 on mechanisms Several interaction mechanisms in the RF range are well established. A number of studies proposed other candidate mechanisms. However, none that operates in humans at levels of exposure found in the everyday environment has been firmly identified and experimentally validated nor do they enable concluding on potential health risks at other exposure conditions both with regard to amplitude and/or frequency.

potential health effects of RF exposure at the low levels related to wireless

6 ICNIRP Istanbul meeting on thermal damage (May 2015) A clear distinction was made at the workshop between the known whole-body thermal damage thresholds and the potential health effects of RF exposure at the low levels related to wireless communications What matters most is the absolute temperature T, and not the temperature elevation ΔT.

7 NTP project in Chicago NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences IIT RI Chicago (D. McCormick)

Projects on RF and Alzheimer disease Some studies have provided evidence for beneficial effects of RF exposure in animal models Arendash et al.

8 Projects on RF and Alzheimer disease Some studies have provided evidence for beneficial effects of RF exposure in animal models Arendash et al. 2010, 2011, 2012 (USA) positive up to 7 mo exposure Banaceur et al (Tunisia) positive 1 mo exposure Lee et al (South Korea) positive 8 mo exposure but negative with 3 mo exposure Bontempi et al. (France) negative with 3 mo exposure

Bioelectromagnetics 2015 Inter-individual and Intra-individual Variation of the Effects of Pulsed RF EMF Exposure on the Human Sleep EEG Zentia et al. Radiat Res.

9 EEG and sleep studies More and more studies have yielded positive results: Roggeveen et al. PlosOne 2015 EEG Changes Due to Experimentally Induced 3G Mobile Phone Radiation Lustenberger et al. Bioelectromagnetics 2015 Inter-individual and Intra-individual Variation of the Effects of Pulsed RF EMF Exposure on the Human Sleep EEG Zentia et al. Radiat Res No Effects of Acute Exposure to Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Fields on Spontaneous EEG Activity and Psychomotor Vigilance in Healthy Human Volunteers. Danker-Hopfe et al. Environmental Research 2016 Effects of mobile phone exposure (GSM 900 and WCDMA/UMTS) on polysomnography based sleep quality: An intra- and inter-individual perspective Mechanims?

10 Conclusion: may indicate an underlying thermal mechanism of RF-EMF on human REM sleep based on heating of the skin

BRET Ratio Résultats préliminaires TRP receptors (Foster & Glaser 2007 Health Phys): BRET Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer YFP-TRPV1-Luc in the presence of the

11 BRET Ratio Résultats préliminaires TRP receptors (Foster & Glaser 2007 Health Phys): BRET Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer YFP-TRPV1-Luc in the presence of the CAP agoniste Capsaicine T ph RF? Coelenterazine + O YFP D > 10 nm rluc 1.07 Coelenteramide Time (sec)

12 TRP receptors: RF exposure & BRET analysis setup in Bordeaux

13 BRET Ratio Résultats préliminaires TRP receptors BRET Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer YFP-TRPV1-Luc in the presence of RF RF? Time (sec)

14 Effect of signal modulation? 3G Wi-Fi

15 RF exposure of neuronal networks RF E MEA 50Ω load filter - preamplifier Neuronal cells Neuronal signals to PC Signal: GSM-1800 SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) up to 4.6 W/kg 15

16 GSM CW

17 Including published data on EEG in humans

18 Biochemical and biological effects: adaptative response Vijayalaxmi, Cao Y, Scarfi MR Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res Adaptive response in mammalian cells exposed to non-ionizing RF: A review and gaps in knowledge. Lymphocytes Tumour cells In vitro and in vivo

19 New methods available in vitro Live cells exposed to RF for days Impedance-metry Holographic microscopy

20 Thermal vs nonthermal? Definition: a thermal effect is caused by temperature elevation Heating is the main cause for bioeffects in the GHz range used in wireless communications Pulsing of the signal seems to increase the amplitude of the bioeffect: power-sensitive receptors?

21 Conclusions Research into bioeffects of RF has much progressed in the recent years e.g., no demodulation effects >10 MHz One conclusion is that ΔT is the main direct and/or indirect cause of bioeffects Bioeffects do not always lead to health effects Awaiting the outcome of the NTP project and the publication of WHO s EHC Research funding of RF projects is rapidly decreasing worldwide

WHO Research Agenda for RF fields

WHO Research Agenda for RF fields Dr E. van Deventer 1 Outline Introduction The WHO RF Research Agenda Motivation Background Content Discussion 2 3 Established in 1996 Coordinated by WHO HQ (SDE/PHE/RAD)