Table 1: Controlled clinical trials of aromatherapy for cancer

Transcription

1 Table 1: Controlled clinical trials of aromatherapy for cancer Source: Helen Seers, Katja Boehm, CAM-Cancer Consortium. Aromatherapy [online document]. Summaries/Herbal-products/Aromatherapy/Aromatherapy-Table-1, 5 th December Outcome First author, year (ref no.) Type of study Participants (diagnosis, N) Intervention groups Results (significant) Symptomatic Pain Chang, 2008 (10) Terminally ill patients with various cancer types, 58 Louis, 2002 (17) CCT Various types of cancer, 17 Patients with colorectal cancer, 66 (1) Aromatherapy hand massage (Bergamot, Lavender, Frankincense) (2) General oil hand massage (1) Water humidification (1) Three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week (2) Standard supportive care Nausea Ndao, 2012 (11) Paediatric patients, 37 (1) Bergamot essential oil (2) Non-essential oil-based scented shampoo provided via diffuser placed by bedside Patients with colorectal cancer, 66 Lua, 2015 (28) Women with breast cancer, 60 (1) Three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week (2) Standard supportive care (1) 5 day aromatherapy treatment (ginger essential oil) (2) Fragrance matched artificial placebo in necklace (1) showed more significant changes in pain (p=0.001) reduction in pain The post-assessment ratings adjusted for preassessment ratings were significantly lower in (1) than in (2) for pain (mean difference=-1.2, 95% CI:-1.8, -0.89, P=0.001) Nausea remained greater among the treatment group at completion of infusion (p<0.01) and one hour post-infusion (p=0.03). No significant differences for nausea between groups Acute significant effect of intervention on nausea reduction, but no long term effect. No effect on vomiting. 1

2 Constipation Lai, 2011 (12) Various types of cancer, 45 Oral health Kang, 2010 (18) CCT Various types of cancer, terminal, 43 Fatigue Maddocks- Jennings (13) Head and neck cancer, 19 Patients with colorectal cancer, 66 Tang, 2014 (29) (Pilot) Lung cancer patients, various stages undergoing chemotherapy, 57 (1) Abdominal massage with aromatherapy oils (bitter orange, black pepper, rosemary, marjoram, patchouli in olive) (2) Abdominal massage without oils (3) Standard care Twice daily for 1 week (1) special mouth care with essential oil mixture (geranium,, tea tree, peppermint) (2) special mouth care with saline (0.9%) Application of essential oils gargling on day of radiotherapy or up to 2 days before, continuing for a week after completion (1) Gargling with essential oils (manuka and kanuka) (2) gargling with water (3) standard care (1) Three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week (2) Standard supportive care (1) Acupressure and essential oils (2) Acupressure only (3) Sham acupressure (1) significantly improved symptoms of constipation compared to (2) and (3) Oral comfort and objective oral state significantly higher in (1) compared to (2) Delayed onset of mucositis and reduced pain and oral symptoms observed in (1) relative to (2) and (3) The post-assessment ratings adjusted for preassessment ratings were significantly lower in (1) than in (2) for fatigue (mean difference=-1.3, 95% CI:-1.9, -0.8, P=0.001) (1) and (2) significantly less fatigue better sleep quality and functional status than (3). Longer term significant effect of (1) on sleep also found. 2

3 Overall wellbeing/ QoL/comfort Stringer, 2008 Patients with haematological Louis, 2002 (17) CCT Various types of cancer, min (1) Massage / light effleurage (stroking) moves (2) Max of 3 aromatherapy oils with carrier oil, individualized (3) Rest (1) Water humidification (1) and (2) showed significant improvement in EORTC QLQ-C30 (p=0.009) (1) and (2) showed a an increase in overall wellbeing Serfaty, 2012 (15) Various types of (1) Treatment as Usual (TAU) plus up to eight sessions weekly of aromatherapy massage (2) TAU plus up to eight sessions weekly of CBT No significant differences after 3 and 6 months follow-up in EuroQoL between groups EuroQol scores suggested an improvement with both interventions EuroQol scores suggested an improvement with both interventions Ovayolu, 2014 (30) CCT Women with breast cancer, 280 (1) Fragrance group smelling only aromatherapy oils (2) Classic massage (3) Aromatherapy massage (4) Control no treatment (1), (2) and (3) showed better quality of life score compared to control at 6 and 10 weeks later. Best results for (3) Aromatherapy massage condition. 3

4 Psychological Anxiety Ndao, 2010 (11) Paediatric patients (1) Bergamot essential oil (2) Non-essential oil-based scented shampoo provided via diffuser placed by bedside Serfaty, 2011 (15) Graham 2003 Various types and stages of cancer 39 (1) standard care + up to 8 sessions / week of aromatherapy massage (2) standard care + up to 8 sessions / week of CBT CCT Various types of cancer, 313 (1) Aromatherapy including carrier oil with fractionated oils (2) carrier oil only (3) pure essential oils (, bergamot, cedar wood) Louis, 2002 (17) CCT Various types of cancer, 17 (1) Water humidification Patients with colorectal cancer, 66 (1) Three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week (2) Standard supportive care (1) experienced greater anxiety (p=0.05) than (2), parental anxiety declined in (1) and (2) but no significant difference Significant improvements in POMS but only pre/post within groups Group (2) had significantly reduced anxiety scores after treatment as measured with HADS (p=0.04) reduction in anxiety scores The post-assessment ratings adjusted for pre-assessment ratings were significantly lower in (1) than in (2) for stress/anxiety (mean difference=-0.4, 95% CI:- 1.2, -0.1, P=0.03) 4

5 Depression Chang, 2008 (10) Psychological (general) Terminally ill patients with various cancer types, 58 (1) Aromatherapy hand massage (Bergamot, Lavender, Frankincense) (2) General oil hand massage Louis, 2002 (17) CCT Various types of cancer, 17 (1) Water humidification Ovayolu, 2014 (30) Patients with colorectal cancer, 66 (1) Three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week (2) Standard supportive care CCT Women with breast cancer, 280 (1) Fragrance group smelling only aromatherapy oils (2) Classic massage (3) Aromatherapy massage (4) Control no treatment (1) showed more significant changes in depression scores (p=0.000) reduction in depression scores No significant differences for depression between groups (1), (2) and (3) showed better quality of life score compared to control at 6 and 10 weeks later. Best results for (3) Aromatherapy massage condition. 5

6 Physical Blood pressure Louis, 2002 (17) CCT Various types of cancer, 17 (1) Water humidification Heart rate Potter, 2011 (16) Patients receiving reinfusion of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells / lymphoma and myeloma cancer, 60 (1) Patients sniffed or tasted a quartered orange (2) patients sniffed sweet orange oil aromatherapy (3) patients took deep breaths (control) Pulse rate Louis, 2002 (17) CCT Various types of cancer, 17 (1) Water humidification Cortisol Stringer, 2008 Prolactin Stringer, 2008 Patients with haematological Patients with haematological 20 min (1) Massage / light effleurage (stroking) moves (2) Max of 3 aromatherapy oils with carrier oil, individualized (3) Rest 20 min (1) Massage / light effleurage (stroking) moves (2) Max of 3 aromatherapy oils with carrier oil, individualized (3) Rest reduction in blood pressure Significant increase in heart rate in (2) compared to other 2 groups (p=0.079) reduction in pulse rate Significant difference between arms in cortisol (p=0.002) from baseline to 30 min postsession (1) had a significantly greater reduction in prolactin than (2), (3) (p=0.031) 6

7 Lymphocyte count Physical (general) Ovayolu, 2014 (30) Patients with colorectal cancer, 66 (1) Three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week (2) Standard supportive care CCT Women with breast cancer, 280 (1) Fragrance group smelling only aromatherapy oils (2) Classic massage (3) Aromatherapy massage (4) Control no treatment After adjusting for preassessment values the mean lymphocyte count at the postassessment was significantly higher (P=0.04) in (1) compared to (2) suggesting that that aromatherapy with Thai massage could boost lymphocyte numbers by 11% (1), (2) and (3) showed better quality of life score compared to control at 6 and 10 weeks later. Best results for (3) Aromatherapy massage condition. = randomised clinical trial CCT = controlled clinical trial QoL = Quality of life 7