Eliminate Dengue: Our Challenge
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- Bertina Bridges
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1 March 2013
2 Eliminate Dengue: Our Challenge
3 Wolbachia pipientis Discovered in 1924 in Culex pipiens ovaries W W m W W Only lives inside host cells Not infectious Only transmitted through the eggs TEM by Denis Voronin
4 Wolbachia pipientis Up to 76% insect species (5-10 million) have Wolbachia Wasps Butterflies Planthoppers Ants Beetles Terrestrial crustaceans Aedes aegypti Spiders Scorpions Nematodes Some common insects infected with Wolbachia Anopheles gambiae
5 Wolbachia transfer to Aedes aegypti
6 Microinjecting
7 Many different Wolbachia strains wmel 2011 and 2013 Australia Trials - wmel Wolbachia density low Dengue blocking medium Ovaries Mosquito fitness strong Invaded wild population well wmelpop Ovaries 2012 Australia Trial - wmelpop Wolbachia density high Dengue blocking strong Mosquito fitness weak Low fecundity and egg survival Could be difficult to invade wild population
8 Dengue virus interference Challenge with viraemic bloods for DHF patients Wolbachia Aedes aegypti Obtain blood from viraemic DHF patient Mosquitoes maintained for 7, 10, 14 and o C Wild type Aedes aegypti
9 Dengue virus interference wmelpop vs Wildtype Aedes aegypti wmel vs Wildtype Aedes aegypti wildtyp e wildtyp e Virus transmission Virus dose related Virus transmission wmel wmelpop Time Time
10 Wolbachia broad range of pathogen interference Human pathogens that Wolbachia has been shown to interfere with in mosquito vector Dengue viruses all serotypes Yellow Fever West Nile Chikungunya Filarial Nematodes Brugia malayi Malaria parasites Plasmodium gallanaceum, P. falciparum, P. berghei Human pathogens where interference is not yet demonstrated but predicted All Flaviviruses eg Japanese encephalitis, a range of tick-transmitted viruses All Alphaviruses eg Semliki Forest virus, Venezuelan Equine encephalitis Other species of Plasmodium and Filarial nematodes
11 Seeding the wild mosquito population If all Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have Wolbachia they won t be able to transmit the dengue virus between people.
12 Cairns field trials Yorkeys Knob Yorkeys Knob Gordonvale Population: 4,420 (ABS 2006) Distance from Cairns CBD: 23km south Population: 2,648 (ABS 2006) Distance from Cairns CBD: 15km north-west
13 Australia: Project timeline Beginning of research into community knowledge about dengue and acceptability Community Engagement Strategy developed Australian Government approves field trials CE intensifies Field trial in Yorkeys Knob and Gordonvale - Positive results published in Nature - Ongoing monitoring in field trial and surrounding area Field trial in Machans Beach and Babinda - Positive results at first, but diminished over time - Ongoing monitoring in field trial area Third trial in central Cairns suburbs
14 Community Engagement Aim: To raise awareness of the Eliminate Dengue program To gain support for and a sense of ownership of the program Achieved by: Identifying stakeholders/ Defining the audience Providing clear and transparent information Consulting openly Identifying any potentially inhibiting factors so being prepared for issues that may arise
15 Cairns field trials
16 Wolbachia mosquito rearing
17 Wolbachia mosquito release
18 Cairns field trial 2011 to present
19 Cairns field trial Whitfield/Edge Hill 1 Parramatta Park 2 3 Westcourt
20 2013 Field trial results January to February
21 2013 project sites Guangdong China Medellin Colombia Rio de Janeiro Brazil Singapore Yogyakarta Indonesia Tri Nguyen Vietnam Cairns Australia PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
22 CE workshop January 2013
23 Vietnam: Project outline Project began in 2006 Three phases: 1. Suppress Ae. aegypti on Tri Nguyen Island 2. Release Wolbachia infected A. aegypti 3. Monitor Ae. aegypti for presence of Wolbachia Partnership with Ministry of Health, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Institute Pasteur Nha Trang Goals, to demonstrate: Wolbachia can establish and invade the local Aedes aegypti population Anti-dengue properties are present under field conditions Release of Wolbachia is not harmful
24 Vietnam: Project outline 2006 Project begins 2007 Tri Nguyen Island selected 2008/09 Assessed Aedes aegypti abundance & distribution 2009 Approval process for trial begun 2009 Community engagement grant from University of Toronto October 2012 Community consents obtained (97%) October 2012 Government approvals obtained April 2013 First mosquito release (planned)
25 Indonesia: Project outline Project began in Sept 2011 Funded by Yayasan Tahija (philanthropic Based in Yogyakarta, Indonesia vehicle for the Tahija family) Collaboration between EDP, Yayasan Tahija (YT) and Universitas Gadjah Mada
26 Brazil: Project overview Partnership with the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Funded by: FIOCRUZ Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, USA Ministry of Health, Brazil Ministry of Science & Technology, Brazil Project started June 2011 Aiming for first release in 2014 Study sites in Rio de Janeiro (3) and Niteroi (1) Community Engagement team of 8-9 people Global Health Solutions partnership
27 Thank you to our partners The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation The Tahija Foundation, Indonesia The National and International Research Alliances Program of the Queensland State Government The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia The Climate Health Cluster of the CSIRO Flagship Collaboration Fund.
28 Eliminate Dengue global team
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