B-cells cell cycle phase of excitation 165 cell-cell interactions contacts regulating proliferation and differentiation

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1 .... Subject Index

2 Acidic fibroblast growth factor, role in invasive cell phenotype 147 Amphiregulin epidermal growth factor prototype 123 high affinity for epidermal growth factor receptor 124 Antigen, related to super-antigen 221, 222 Area code molecules, definition 16 5-Azacytidíne effect on invasive cells 145 gene expression activator 145 B-cells cell cycle phase of excitation 165 cell-cell interactions contacts regulating proliferation and differentiation 163, 164, 167, 168 cooperation with T-cells , 212, 213 death by apoptosis 164 development 162, 163 hypermutation as selective pressure for helper T-cells 227, 228 long-term evolution memory development 167 primary responses to antigens role of A-cells in antigenic response 165, 166 hypermutation 211, 212, 227, 228 secondary antigen response 167 self-tolerance 210, 211 survival of primary cells 164 see also Self/nonself discrimination Biglycan binding of transforming growth factor ß 95 induction by transforming growth factor ß 96 structure 93 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor dorsal root ganglion cell survivability 81 retinal ganglion cell survivability 46, 49, 50 Carcinogenesis, retinoid chemoprevention 4-6 Cell adhesion activation-dependent mechanisms 21, 22 chemoattractants and cell migration 16, 17 lymphocyte education 29, 30 recognition molecules as morphoregulators receptor families 17-20, regulation selectin role 31, 32 Cell lineage analysis definition 62 diagram in neural crest from clonal experiments 77 neural crest fate map in avian embryo Cell migration inhibition by transforming growth factor ß 114, 115, 120, 121 lineage analysis from clonal studies neural crest fate map in avian embryo quail chick marker system 63, 64 Cell surface glycoproteins, effect on retinal ganglion cell survivability 52 Ciliary neurotrophic factor, effect on retinal ganglion cell survivability 50 Clonal cultures cell differentiation studies methodology Clonal dominance, see Metastatic cells Decorin binding of transforming growth factor ß 91, induction by transforming growth factor ß 96 structure 93 Deoxyguanosine, selective destroyer of thymus stem cells 154 Dorsal root ganglion cells development during cell line segregation effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on survivability 89 originating from neural crest 67, 69, 78 somite influence on patterning 81-83

3 Subject Index 249 E-cadhe n cell adhesion molecule 146 discovery 244 expression with N-CAM 244 role in invasive cell phenotype 146, 147 Epidermal growth factor, biological activity of precursor 128 Fetal explant, effect on retinal ganglion cell survivability 48, 49 Fibroblast growth factor, effect on retinal ganglion cell survivability 50 Fibromodulin, structure 93 Fibronectin bound by integrin role in cell migration 94 Hydroxyphenyl retinamide, breast cancer chemopreventive agent 6 ICAM-1 avidity 26 cell type expression 23 counter-receptor for LFA-1 23 induction by inflammatory mediators 23, 24 similarity to ICAM-2 25 Immunoglobin superfamily adhesion receptors expression in Τ-lymphocytes 21, 22 signalling function 20 species distribution 17 structure 18 unpaired domains 18 Integrin family adhesion receptors avidity regulation 28, 29 congenital deficiency 26 divalent cation binding site location 19 experimental overexpression 90, 91 expression on T-lymphocytes 21 recognition targets 88, 89 role in cell migration 29 embryonic cell motility 245 structure 19, 27, 28, 88, 89 subfamilies 26, 27 talin interaction 28 tumor suppressors Interferon-7, induction of ICAM-1 23 Interleukin-1 induction by substance P 171, 172 of ICAM-1 23 of nerve growth factor 51 role in thymus development 155, 156 Juxtacrine stimulation definition 127, 128 transforming growth factor a mediation 127, 128 Keratinization, reversal by retinoids 5 L-CAM, see E-cadherin Leukocytes distribution altered by inflammation 16 extravasation 24 LFA-1 avidity 25, 26 integrin family member 26 rapid adhesion regulation 25 Lymph node, immune system architecture 204, 207 Major histocompatibility complex, antigen encoder 17 Malignant cells control of gene expression 145 identification of genes responsible for invasive phenotype 144, 145 invasive behavior properties 143 role of lytic enzymes 147 oncogenes 144,145 Mannose-6-phosphate/PGF-II receptor, binding of latent transforming growth factor ß 118, 120 Mast cells action offer growth factor anatomical relationships to nerves association with nerve cells in culture I80 psychological conditioning of activation 177 Metastatic cells clonal dominance eclipse phenomenon 106 experimental demonstration growth factor effects heterotypic tumor cell interaction effects primary tumor implications transforming growth factor β mediation 101, effect of surgical removal 107, 108 growth rates 108 integrin role on tumor phenotype 92, 93 steps in process 106, 107 tumor angiogenesis effect 100

4 Subject Index 250 Nerve cell anatomical relationship to mast cells association with mast cells in culture 180 development 47 differentiation 47, 48 injury effects 42, 43 regeneration axomotized central nervous system neuron survival axon regrowth along nerve grafts axonal extension 40, 43 growth cone advance 53 innervation of central nervous system targets 54, 55 peripheral nerve replacement in central nervous system problems in adults see also Retinal ganglion cells remodelling of mucosal fibers during inflammation Nerve growth factor effect on mast cells retinal ganglion cell survivability 46, 50 production in sciatic nerve explants 171 Neural crest cell differentiation in clonal cultures cell exhibition of cholinesterase activity 70 definition 62 fate map in avian embryo influence of tissue environment on differentiation 70 list of derivatives 66, 67 origin of dorsal root ganglion 67, 69 percentage of cells carrying glycoprotein 70 Neural tube, role in dorsal root glanglion cell differentiation Neutral cell adhesion molecule cloning 244 discovery 243, 244 expressed with L-CAM 244 Oncogenes ability to enhance invasive capacity of cells 144, 145 clinical medicine considerations 3, 4 complex with transforming growth factor ß 11, 135 interface with retinoids 11 suppressor genes 12, 13 multifunctional nature of products 3, 4 role in cell differentiation and proliferation 3 Plant cells difference from animal cells 188 self incompatibility commercial tool 197, 198 evolution of process 197 gametophytic incompatibility defined 190 genetic control 189 mechanism for prevention of self mating 188, 189 pollen behavior role of S-glycoproteins signal transduction role 196, 197 sporophytic incompatibility defined 190 Plasminogen activator/plasmin system inhibitor induction by transforming growth factor ß transforming growth factor ß activation Proteoglycans binding of transforming growth factor ß 91 cloning 91 definition 89, 90 structure Quail-chick marker system aid to cell migration studies 63, 64 neural crest fate map in avian embryo Retinal ganglion cells axon regrowth rate 51 effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor 46, 49, 50 calcium 48 cell surface glycoproteins 52 ciliary neurotrophic factor 50 deficient synaptic contacts 48, 50, 51 fetal explants 48, 49 fibroblast growth factor 50 killer proteins 48 nerve growth factor 46, 50 Schwann cells 51, 52 innervation after axotomy 54, 55 model for axotomized neuron studies survival rate after axotomy transport of growth-associated protein 46 Retinoblastoma protein binding by T-antigen 133, 135 growth-suppressing activity 133 phosphorylation during cell cycle 133, 134 retinoíd effect on phosphorylation 12 transforming growth factor ß effects

5 Subject Index 251 Retinoid receptors benzoic acid retinoid activation 7 developmental expression 7 nuclear transcription factors 7 pertaining to retinoid definition 6 species 7 Retinoids cancer chemoprevention 5, 6 carcinogenesis role 4-6 effect on retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation 12 gene regulation 2, 7, interface with oncogenes 11 reversal of keratinization 5 role in cell differentiation and proliferation 2-7,10-13 structure of benzoic acid derivative 7 target organs 6 transforming growth factor β induction see also Retinoid receptors S-glycoproteins expression 193 locus-specific varieties 195, 196 physical properties 192 relation to angíogenin 195 bacterial colicins 194, 195 crystallins 194 ríbonuclease function role in self-incompatibility signal transduction in self-compatibility 196, 197 structure 192, 194, 195 Schwann cells, effect on neural crest cell differentiation 73, retinal ganglion cell survivability 51, 52 Selectins expression 32 homology to lectins 20 role in neutrophil-endothelial interaction 31, 32 structure 20 Self-incompatibility, see Plant cells Self/nonself discrimination comparison between T- and B-cells cooperative vs helper T-cell nomenclature 219 evolutionary mechanism considerations 221 evolutionary selection pressure 216, 217 importance of autoimmunity level 233 N. Avrion Mitchison's rebuttal to Melvin Cohn observations of Melvin Cohn , pathway activation 219, 220 pathway description possibility of multiple mechanisms 232 reason for associative antigen recognition 220, 221 relationship to tolerance 217 role of peptide processing slow rate of cell-cell interactions 219 Serglycin, structure 93 Sialic acid, negatively charged component of T-cell surface 22 Substance P definition 170 immunomodulary effects induction of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 172, 173 mechanism of neurogenic inflammation 173, 174 production of interleukin-1 171, 172 tumor necrosis factor a 171, 172 role in mast cell innervation 174, 176 synthesized in eosinophils 171 Suppressor genes interface with oncogenes 12,13 transforming growth factor β 12 multifunctional nature of products 3 role in cell differentiation and proliferation 3 Syndecan, structure 93 T-cell receptor antigen recognition 17, 20 thymus stem cell initiation of gene rearrangement 155 T-lymphocytes absence of hypermutation 211, 212 activation-dependent adhesion mechanisms 21, 22 adhesion study model antigen sensitivity 29, 30 antigen-specific recognition antigenic load 226 cell-cell interactions in thymus cooperation between subsets with B-cells , 212, 213 epitope linkage 207, 208 glycoprotein role in memory 212 helper cells from B-cell hypermutation 227, 228

6 Subject Index 252 Τ-lymphocytes (continued) killer cell activation killing inhibition 21, 22 long-term evolution naive to memory phenotype transition 29, 30 peptide processing in function 228, 229 recirculation receptors 30, 31 regulated adhesion 22, 23, 204, 206 self-tolerance 210, 211 subsets surface charge role in adhesion 22 see also Self/nonseif discrimination Talin, interaction with integrins 28 Thymus early cell-cell interactions 155, 156 interleukin-2 effects on cell proliferation 155, 156 methods for studying cell-cell interactions 154 precursor cell-cell interactions stroma components T-lymphocyte producer 152 thymocyte lifespan 156 Transforming growth factor a cell adhesion mediator 126 control of cell differentiation and proliferatiπη 2, 3, 122 expression 123 high affinity for epidermal growth factor receptor 124 juxtacrine stimulation mediator 127, 128 location 124 precursor transmembrane glycoprotein 124, 125 proteolytic processing prototype of epidermal growth factor 123 sequence homology 124 structure Transforming growth factor β activation effects cell-cell contact chaotropic agents 114 ph 114 plasminogen activator/plasmin system temperature 114 binding by decorin 91, c-myc expression inhibition 135 complex with oncogenes 11, 135 endothelial cell migration inhibition 114, 115, 120, 121 growth arrest in G1 phase of cell cycle 130, 133, 134 inhibitory properties 129, 130 induction by retinoids of proteoglycans 96 interface with suppressor genes 12 isoforms 8, 9, 129 latent form bound by manpose-6-phosphate/ PGF-II receptor 118, 120 loss in mutants 131, 132 mechanisms of growth inhibition mediator of clonal dominance 101, growth inhibition multifunctional effects 9, 10 proliferative/antiproliferative agent 9 properties 130, 131 receptor number in metastatic cells 109 retinoblastoma protein effects role in cell differentiation and proliferation 2-4, 9-13, 122 sequence homology of precursors 8 structure 8, 9, 114, 129 Trypsin, thymus separation to single cell suspension 154 Tumor angiogenesis, role in metastasis 100 Tumor cell effect of surgical removal 107, 108 homotypic interaction effects drug resistance 100 growth rate 100 phenotype 100 protease secretion 100 metastatic cell clonal dominance implications see also Malignant cells Tumor necrosis factor α, induction by substance P 171, 172 Vaccinia growth factor epidermal growth factor prototype 123 high aflínity for epidermal growth factor receptor 124 Versican, structure 92

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8 Editors: M.M. Burger, B. Sordat, R.M. Zinkernagel _ e. o 0 o 0 o 0 Cell to Cell Interaction Intercellular communication involves processes such as cell-cell recognition, cell adhesion and cell migration, which are of fundamental importance during embryonic development and in the fully differentiated stage. Over the past decade an ever-growing number of new types of molecules that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions have been discovered, characterized and cloned. This volume, based on an interdisciplinary symposium, contains the latest research findings on cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the fields of neurobiology, oncology and immunology. Leading international investigators present current data on cell adhesion molecules, integrins, immunoglobulins, homing receptors and cytokines, and elucidate their role in morphogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, the differentiation, proliferation and cooperation of the multiple cell types of the immune system are discussed. The new insights gained are also evaluated for their potential clinical applications. Offering a unique perspective of this fast-expanding area of research, this collection of papers is indispensable reading for all cell, molecular and developmental biologists, oncologists, immunologists and neurobiologists. Cell to Cell Interaction International Symposium, Basel 1990 Editors: Burger, M.M. (Basel); Sordat, B. (Lausanr\e)j Zinkernagel, R.M. (ZUrich) XX + 252, S1 fig., 8 tab., hard cover, 1990 ISBN to to to to to to KARGER