A Comprehensive System to Explore p53 Mutations
|
|
- Sydney Cross
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A Comprehensive System to Explore p53 Mutations Chizumi Furuwatari,1 Asako Yagi,1 Osamu Yamagami,1 Masayo Ishikawa,1 Eiko Hidaka, Ichiro Verio, PhD,1 Kenichi Furihata, MD, PhD,2 Yoshifumi Ogiso, MD, PhD,1 and Tsutomu Katsuyama, MD, PhD2 Key Words: p53 mutations; Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism; PCR-SSCP; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; FISH; Immunohistochemistry To establish an effective and reliable system for the detection of p53 mutations, we evaluated the detection efficiencies of nonisotopic polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry. Ten cell lines (AsPcl, BxPc3, Miapaca.2, Panel, Colo32-11, Lovo, MCF, LNCaP, HL-6, and Daudi), a peripheral blood sample from a patient with a p53 germline mutation (p53gml), and a normal peripheral blood sample were used for examination. Direct nucleotide sequencing identified p53 mutations in of 12 samples (AsPcl, BxPc3, Miapaca.2, Panel, Colo3211, HL-6, andp53gml). The nonisotopic PCR-SSCP detected anomalies of the PCR fragments in 5 cell lines. In the FISH analysis, 2 cell lines exhibited loss of heterozygosity of the p53 locus. Immunohistochemistry detected an accumulation of the abnormal p53 in 4 cell lines. The combination of these 3 methods produced no false-negative or false-positive results. This combination may be an excellent and beneficial system for the clinical diagnosis of the various human cancers. 368 Am J Clin Pathol 1998; 11: p53, a tumor suppressor gene product, is an essential molecule for the control of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The alteration of p53 in somatic cells is closely related to the malignancy of neoplasms. For example, p53 mutations are detectable in more than 5% of colorectal cancers, 3% of breast cancers, and 4% of small cell lung cancers. Moreover, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the p53 locus (1pl3) occurred in most malignant tumors with mutated p53.1 For the determination of the malignancy of a tumor, the efficacy of the molecular diagnosis of the p53 gene is widely accepted. Even in histopathologically benign cells, the presence of a p53 mutation heralds the development of a malignant tumor, as in the case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is known to be associated with a p53 mutation in the germline.2 Since the determination of the whole nucleotide sequence of the p53 gene requires much time and cost, several brief methods are used to detect mutations in the p53 gene. They are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated singlestrand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry ().3"6 Although SSCP is a simple and sensitive technique, its use of a radioisotope limits its application to conventional diagnosis. In some cases, a missense mutation of p53 results in the stabilization of its gene product, so that it can be distinguished from normal protein by. FISH analysis reveals not only the aneuploidy, but also the presence of LOH in the p53 locus, which is one of the characteristics of a malignant tumor. Because of the diversity of p53 mutations, the application of a single molecular procedure to the detection of a p53 mutation is insufficient. The development of a brief and effective system is therefore a key for the clinical application of p53 analysis. In the present study, we examined the detection efficiencies of p53 mutation by SSCP, FISH, and and Downloaded from by guest on 3 October 218 Abstract
2 demonstrated that the combination of the 3 methods is an excellent system for the detection of p53 mutations. Materials and Methods Source of Genomic DN A PCR Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR using 4 sets of primers designed by Mashiyama et al.3 The fragment of p53 gene, containing the portion between exon 5 and exon 9, was divided into 4 segments and amplified independently. The segments were as follows: exon 5 and a part of exon 6 (nucleotides 56 to 64), the rest of exon 6 (nucleotides 56 to 62), exon, and exon 8 and 9. The PCR mixture contained 2-u.mol/L concentrations of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate,.2-u.mol/l concentrations of each primer,.5 U/uL of Ampli Taq DNA polymerase (Perkin-Elmer, Foster, Calif), 5 mmol/l tromethamine hydrochloride (ph 8.3), a 2-mmol/L concentration of magnesium chloride, a.25% concentration of bovine serum albumin, and 5 ng/ul of template DNA. The PCR amplification was performed with denaturing at 96 C for 1 minute, followed by 3 cycles at 96 C for 3 seconds, 6 C for 1 minute, and 2 C for 3 seconds with a final extension at 2 C for 1 minute. Nonradioisotopic SSCP The SSCP assay was performed using the Phast System (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden).8 An equal volume of PCR product was mixed with loading buffer (.5% bromophenol blue and.5% xylene cyanol in formamide) and denatured at 8 C for 5 minutes. After incubation on ice for 5 minutes, samples were analyzed at 1 C (for the exon 5 and part of exon 6, the rest of exon 6, and the exon PCR products) or at 28 C (the exon 8 and 9 PCR products). After a prerun at 4 V/1 ma/2.5 W/1 avh (ampere x volt per hour), samples were applied at 1 V/2 ma/2.5 W/2 avh and analyzed at 4 V/1 ma/2.5 W/1 avh. DNA fragments were analyzed by PhastGel homogeneous 12.5% (for exon 5 and part of exon 6, exon 8 and exon 9) or PhastGel homogeneous 2% (the rest of exon 6 and exon ). The gels were stained with the PhastGel silver stain kit. Cells were smeared and fixed as described. For the inactivation of internal peroxidase activity, slides were soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide/methanol for 3 minutes at room temperature. The slides were then stained with 3times diluted mouse monoclonal antihuman p53 oncoprotein antibody (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) for 2 hours at room temperature. After the primary immunoreaction, the slides were washed with phosphate-buffered saline 2 times at room temperature. The slides were then stained with A B ^^... A* Downloaded from by guest on 3 October 218 Ten cell lines (AsPcl, BxPc3, Miapaca2, Panel, Colo32-11, Lovo, MCF, LNCaP, HL-6, and Daudi), a peripheral blood sample from a patient with a p53 germline mutation (p53gml), and a normal peripheral blood sample (NL) were used for the examinations. Genomic DNAs were prepared from 15 cultured cells and 5 ul of whole blood with a DNA extractor (WB kit, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan). LOH Detection by FISH Analysis Cells were smeared on glass slides coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane using an autosmear (Sakura, Koshoku, Japan). Air-dried specimens were fixed in 1% ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature. After incubation at 3 C for 3 minutes in.1% Nonidet P-4 and 2x standard saline citrate (SSC), samples were denatured at 5 C for 3 minutes in % formamide/2x SSC. Ten microliters of hybridization solution was applied to each slide, followed by incubation at 3 C for 16 hours. Hybridization solution contains 1 ul of LSI p53 (1pl3.1) SpectramOrange (Vysis, Downers Grove, 111), 1 ul of CEP 1 SpectramGreen (Vysis), ul of LSI Hybridization Buffer (Vysis), and 1 ul of sterile water. After hybridization, slides were washed 3 times with 5% formamide/2x SSC at 45 C for 1 minutes, once with 2x SSC at 45 C for 1 minutes, and once with.1% NP-4/2x SSC at 45 C for 5 minutes. After being washed briefly with 2x SSC, slides were counterstained with DAPI (Vysis). The number of 1p 13.1 (p53 locus) and CEP1 (chromosome 1 centromere) hybridized signals were counted in 1 cells. The LOH was determined when the total number of p53 signals divided by the chromosome 1 centromere signals was a value lower than.6. Figure I I Detection of p53 mutation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism with silver staining. A, Exon 5-6. Lane 1, p53 germline mutation (p53gml); lane 2, ASPcl; lane 3, normal peripheral blood sample (NL). B, Exon. Lane 1, Colo32-11; lane 2, NL, 3. Miapaca2. In p53gml, AsPcl, Colo32-11, and Miapaca2, the mobility shifts of PCR-amplified products were distinguishable (arrowheads). Am J Clin Pathol 1998; 11:
3 Furuwatari et al / DETECTION OF P53 MUTATIONS # * * $ %"«% llmage I I Detection of p53 mutations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (). In the FISH analysis (A-D), the chromosome 1 centromere signals are green, and the p53 locus signals are red. E and F, immunohistochemistry. A, p53germline mutation; B, HL-6; C, LNCaP; D, Panel; E, Miapaca2; F, AsPcl. 1-times diluted antimouse immunoglobulin (DAKO) of horseradish peroxidase conjugate. After being washed with phosphate-buffered saline 2 times at room temperature, reacted antibody was detected by diaminobenzidine. The slides were then counterstained with hematoxylin. More than 1 cells were examined. The labeling index (LI) was calculated as the proportion of the cells with a positive signal in the nucleus. Direct Nucleotide Sequence of PCR Products The nucleotide sequences of the PCR products were determined by an Applied Biosystem 33A DNA sequencer (Perkin-Elmer) using dye-labeled dideoxynucleotide. Results PCR-SSCP When the PCR-amplified products of exon 5 and part of exon 6 (nucleotides 56 to 64) were analyzed by PCRSSCP, the mobility shifts of the PCR-amplified products 3 Am J Clin Pathol 1998;11: were distinguishable in the AsPcl and p53gml cells Figure 1, Al. In the p53gml cells, we detected 3 bands. The mobility of the upper 2 bands was identical to that of the NL cells, but the other band was not found in the NL cells. In the AsPcl cells, we detected 2 bands. The mobility of both bands was different from that of the NL cells. In the Miapaca2 and Colo32-11 cells, the mobilities of PCRamplified exon were distinguishable from the mobility of the NL cells. In the Miapaca2 and Colo32-U, the upper band had disappeared IFigure 1, Bl. Owing to the deletion in the p53 locus (between exon and exon 9), no detectable band was obtained in the case of HL-6 cells. No significant changes in the mobility shifts of PCR-amplified products were observed in the other samples. FISH In the AsPcl, BxPc3, Colo32-11, p53gml llmage 1, Al, Lovo, Daudi, and NL, 2 chromosome 1 centromere signals (green) and 2 p53 locus signals (red) were detected, and the average numbers of chromosome 1 centromere signals were 2.3, 2.12, 2.3, 2.3, 1.99, 2. and 1.9, respectively ITable II. The average number of chromosome Downloaded from by guest on 3 October 218 I 1
4 Table II Detection of p53 Gene Mutation by PCR-SSCP, FISH, and Direct Sequence Predicted Product Altered Exons 5 6 8,8,9 5 4 T deletion 659 A to G 44 C to T 819 G to A 44 C to T Deletion 51 CG insertion Truncated Tyr 22 to Cys Arg 248 to Trp Arg 23 to His Arg 248b to Trp 5-6 Truncated,8, / FISH* Labeling Index (%).99 (2.2/2.3) 1.(2.13/2.12).99(3.1/3.4).64(1.9/2.96) 1.5(2.14/2.3).51 (1.5/2.3).98(1.98/2.3).98(1.95/1.99) 1.1 (3.6/3.2) 1.(3.91/3.92).99(1.98/2.).99(1.96/1.9) 2/ / PCR-SSCP = polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism; FISH = fluorescence in situ hybridization; = immunohistochemistry; p53gml = p53 germline mutation; NL = normal peripheral blood sample. *Data are given as the number of p53 signals divided by the number of chromosome 1 centromere signals (mean of p53 signals in 1-cell counts/mean of chromosome 1 centromere signals in 1-cell counts). 1 centromere signals in the HL-6 sample was 2.3; however, the average number of p53 signals was 1.5 (Table 1) Image 1, Bl. In the Miapaca2, MCF, and LNCaP samples Image 1, CI, more than 3 chromosome 1 centromere signals were detected, and the average numbers of chromosome 1 centromere signals were 3.4, 3.2, and 3.92, respectively (Table 1). In the Panel samples I Image 1, Dl, there also were 3 chromosome 1 centromere signals, but there were 2 p53 signals. The total number of p53 signals divided by chromosome 1 centromere signals was.51 in the HL-6 sample and.64 in the Panel sample (Table 1). to exon 9 accompanying LOH was found in HL-6 genomic DNA (Table 1). Detection Efficiency The detection efficiencies obtained by single methods were 5 of alterations by SSCP, 2 of in LOH analysis by FISH, and 4 of by. The combinations of 2 methods showed better results (PCR-SSCP and FISH, 6 of ; FISH and, 5 of ). When PCR-SSCP and or all 3 methods were combined, all of the alterations determined by direct nucleotide sequencing were detected liable 21. In the BxPc3, Miapaca2 Ilma«e 1, E l, Panel, and Colo32-11 samples, positive signals were detected in the nuclei, and their LI values were higher than, whereas no significant signal was detected in the AsPcl I Image 1, Fl or other samples (Table 1). Direct Nucleotide Sequence The somatic cell mutations in all of the cell lines were determined by direct nucleotide sequencing of the PCR fragments. An alteration in the nucleotide sequence was found in of 12 samples (Table 1): the deletion of nucleotide 4 T in the AsPcl, the substitution of nucleotide 659 A to G in BxPc3, the substitution of nucleotide 44 C to T in the Miapaca2, the substitution of nucleotide 819 G to A in Panel, the substitution of nucleotide 44 C to T in the Colo32-11, and the insertion of CG at nucleotide 51 in the p53gml. A LOH also was found in the AsPcl, BxPc3, Miapaca2, Panel, and Colo A deletion from exon Discussion The human p53 gene is a representative tumor suppressor gene that is located on chromosome 1pl3. This gene is composed of 11 exons and produces a 2.2- to 2.5-kilobase (kb) messenger RNA. Many studies have demonstrated that alterations of the p53 gene are involved in the progression of various tumors. The mutation cluster region is between exon 4 (codon 33) and exon 1 (codon 366). Of p53 mutations, 8% cause an amino acid substitution. Hot spots, which account for 4% of the missense mutations, have been shown at codons 15 (exon 5), 248 (exon ), 249 (exon ), 23 (exon 8), and 281 (exon 8). The other cases produce nonsense mutations, large deletions, and frameshift due to small deletions or insertions.1 Redston et al9 reported that the proportion of nonsense mutations or small deletions varies according to tumor type. The rates of nonsense mutations are 4% in sarcoma and 1% in esophagus carcinoma. Those of Am J Clin Pathol 1998;11: Downloaded from by guest on 3 October 218 Nucleotides Altered Exon Samples AsPd BxPc3 Miapaca2 Panel Colo32-11 HL6 p53gml Lovo MCF LNCaP Daudi NL Detection PCR-SSCP
5 Furuwatari et al / DETECTION OF P53 MUTATIONS Table 21 Detection Efficiency of Combinations of Double and Triple Methods Method PCR-SSCP FISH PCR-SSCP and FISH FISH and PCR-SSCP and PCR-SSCP, FISH, and Detection Efficiency 5/ 2/ 4/ 6/ 5/ / / small deletions (1-2 base pairs) are.8% in colon cancers to 1% in pancreatic cancers. Moreover, the alleles of p53 mutations reduce to heterozygosity. In other words, most of the somatic cells with p53 mutations carry LOH. Nucleotide sequencing of the whole gene is the most reliable method to confirm the genetic alterations. We used nucleotide sequencing in the present study and identified the p53 mutations in of 12 samples (Table 1). Whole gene sequencing, however, is not practical for clinical laboratories because it requires much time and cost. In the present study, therefore, we tested the conventional procedures, ie, PCR-SSCP performed on the Phast System, FISH, and. The Phast System may be one of the most suitable PCR-SSCP systems for laboratory use because it is nonradioisotopic and fast, and results are highly reproducible. With the PCR-SSCP analysis, we detected anomalies of the PCR fragments in 5 of samples with mutated p53. One of the anomalies was an absence of the PCR product due to a large deletion, and the others were changes of mobility on the nondegenerative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Phast System). The PCR-SSCP analysis failed to detect 2 missense mutations, in the BxPc3 and Panel cells. Since the maximum mobility of the DNA fragment (gel size) was only 3.5 cm, it occasionally was difficult to obtain sufficient resolution. The mobility also may be affected by the location and change of the nucleotide in the fragment to be analyzed. Even in the case of an undetectable mutation, it is possible to expect that the mobilities of the PCR-amplified fragment using another primer will be distinguishable. Although a PCR-SSCP analysis cannot detect all of the p53 mutations at this time, the detection efficiency of PCR-SSCP may be improved in the future. In the present FISH analysis, the chromosome 1 number showed an abnormality in 4 of 1 cell lines, and 2 of them were found to have LOH (Image 1). Although a FISH analysis is a potent tool for investigating large genetic anomalies like LOH, the probe size must be larger than 2 kb to obtain sufficient sensitivity and reproducibility. FISH analyses may therefore miss deletions smaller than 2 kb. 32 Am J Clin Pathol 1998; 11: In the present analysis, 4 of mutations showed markedly high LI values. These cells possess missense mutations in the coding region of the p53 gene. Finlay et al reported that the metabolism of mutant p53 proteins is generally slower than that of normal p53 protein. They also demonstrated that these mutant p53 proteins were detectable by anti-normal p53 protein antibody. In contrast, the normal p53 is undetectable owing to its prompt metabolism. However, it is frequently impossible to detect the truncated p53 proteins that are encoded by the nonsense, frameshift, or missense mutations, which cause various conformational changes. Clinical samples generally contain a number of normal cells. It is, therefore, necessary to know how those normal cells affect the results. In our hands, PCR-SSCP detected the mutated p53 alleles in cell pools with a minor population (>1%) of p53 mutation-carrying tumor cells (data not shown). FISH and seem to have fewer problems with the cell population than PCR-SSCP, because these methods are feasible for morphologic distinction of the tumor cells. Especially, FISH analysis is applicable for the Papanicolaoustained cells. Although a small part of samples might not be suitable for the mutation analysis, most clinical specimens would be sufficient to search for p53 mutations. Each of the conventional molecular diagnostic systems has the potential to detect false-negative cases. In the present study, we demonstrated that the combination of PCR-SSCP, FISH, and could detect a variety of genetic alterations, eg, point mutations, small deletions or insertions (1 to several bases), large deletions (>1 kilobase pairs), and LOH, Downloaded from by guest on 3 October 218 PCR-SSCP = polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism; FISH = fluorescence in situ hybridization; = immunohistochemistry. Indeed, the present FISH analysis detected a p53 signal in the HL-6 cells, in which no DNA fragment was amplified between exon and exon 9 by PCR owing to deletion. Even in a case with a deletion of more than 2 kb, the successful detection of LOH depends on the position of the probe in FISH analysis. In contrast to other investigators, we detected the chromosome 1 centromere simultaneously with the p53 locus by a 2-color fluorescent system. Our system detected LOH in the Panel cells, which have 2 mutant alleles but have lost the normal p53 gene. The 2-color fluorescent system detected the presence of 3 chromosome 1s despite the presence of 2 p53 loci. As Gomyo et al6 pointed out in their analysis of LOH in gastric cancer, an internal control not only avoids misjudgment due to technical errors, but also often provides valuable information for chromosome abnormalities in FISH analyses. FISH also is effective for the detection of aneuploidy of the p53 locus. The relationship between p53 gene dosage and the malignancy of the tumor is still under investigation. However, numerous studies have elucidated the change of the gene dosage, including oncogene and suppressor gene effect on the malignancy of tumor. A change in the dosage of weakly dominantnegative p53 probably affects the malignancy of the tumors.
6 From the 'Central Clinical Laboratories, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan; and the 2Department of LaboratoryMedicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. Address reprint requests to Dr Ogiso: Central Clinical Laboratories of Shinshu University Hospital, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 39, Japan. Acknowledgment: Cell lines were provided by Shigeyuki Kawa, MD, and Shigetaka Shimodaira, MD, at the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. References 1. Mendelsohn J, Howley PM, Israel MA, et al. The Molecular Basis of Cancer. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 1995: Malkin D, Li FP, Strong LC, et al. Germline mutation in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms. Science. 199;25: Mashiyama S, Murakami Y, Yoshimoto T, et al. Detection of p53 gene mutations in human brain tumors by single-strand conformation polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products. Oncogene. 1995;6: Dohner H, Fisher K, Beutz M, et al. p53 gene deletion predicts for poor survival and no response to therapy with purine analog in chronic B-cell leukemias. Blood. 1995;85: Baas IO, Mulder JR, Offerhaus GJA, et al. An evaluation of six antibodies for immunohistochemistry of mutant p53 gene product in archival colorectal neoplasms. ] Pathol 1994; 12: Gomyo Y, Osaki M, Kaibara N, et al. Numerical aberration and point mutation of f>53 gene in human gastric intestinal metaplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma: analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and PCR-SSCP. lnt) Cancer. 1996;66: Finlay CA, Hinds PW, Tan TH, et al. Activating mutations for transformation by p53 produce a gene product that forms an hsc-p53 complex with an altered half-life. Mol Cell Biol. 1988;8: Mohabeer AJ, Hiti AL, Martin WJ. Non-radioactive single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) using the Pharmacia 'PhastSystem'. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991;19: Redston MS, Caldas C, Seyymour AB, et al. P53 mutations in pancreatic carcinoma and evidence of common involvement of homocopolymer tracts in DNA microdeletions. Cancer Res. 1994;54: Nguyen DM, Spitz FR, Yen N, et al. Gene therapy for lung cancer: enhancement of tumor suppression by a combination of sequential systematic cisplatin and adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer. ] Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;112: Am J Clin Pathol 1998;11: Downloaded from by guest on 3 October 218 and there were no false-negative cases. However, we did not obtain any positive data in the cells with no mutated gene, indicating that there were no false-positive cases. The combination of PCR-SSCP, FISH, and could maximize the detection efficiency for p53 mutations. In addition to an excellent accuracy level, this combination of methods saves substantial time and cost in comparison with the direct nucleotide sequencing of the whole gene. Since the p53 mutation is associated with biologic phenotypes of tumors, including drug susceptibility and tumor progression, this combination would provide essential information on the nature of neoplasms.
Tumor suppressor genes D R. S H O S S E I N I - A S L
Tumor suppressor genes 1 D R. S H O S S E I N I - A S L What is a Tumor Suppressor Gene? 2 A tumor suppressor gene is a type of cancer gene that is created by loss-of function mutations. In contrast to
More informationIntroduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics Table of contents Chromosome DNA Protein synthesis Mutation Genetic disorder Relationship between genes and cancer Genetic testing Technical concern 2 All living organisms consist
More informationComputational Systems Biology: Biology X
Bud Mishra Room 1002, 715 Broadway, Courant Institute, NYU, New York, USA L#4:(October-0-4-2010) Cancer and Signals 1 2 1 2 Evidence in Favor Somatic mutations, Aneuploidy, Copy-number changes and LOH
More informationMultiple Fibroadenomas Harboring Carcinoma in Situ in a Woman with a Familty History of Breast/ Ovarian Cancer
Multiple Fibroadenomas Harboring Carcinoma in Situ in a Woman with a Familty History of Breast/ Ovarian Cancer A Kuijper SS Preisler-Adams FD Rahusen JJP Gille E van der Wall PJ van Diest J Clin Pathol
More informationAmerican Society of Cytopathology Core Curriculum in Molecular Biology
American Society of Cytopathology Core Curriculum in Molecular Biology American Society of Cytopathology Core Curriculum in Molecular Biology Chapter 1 Molecular Basis of Cancer Molecular Oncology Keisha
More informationGastric Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma: Association with Epstein Virus Genome demonstrated by PCR
Gastric Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma: Association with Epstein Virus Genome demonstrated by PCR Pages with reference to book, From 305 To 307 Irshad N. Soomro,Samina Noorali,Syed Abdul Aziz,Suhail Muzaffar,Shahid
More informationThe Human Major Histocompatibility Complex
The Human Major Histocompatibility Complex 1 Location and Organization of the HLA Complex on Chromosome 6 NEJM 343(10):702-9 2 Inheritance of the HLA Complex Haplotype Inheritance (Family Study) 3 Structure
More informationoncogenes-and- tumour-suppressor-genes)
Special topics in tumor biochemistry oncogenes-and- tumour-suppressor-genes) Speaker: Prof. Jiunn-Jye Chuu E-Mail: jjchuu@mail.stust.edu.tw Genetic Basis of Cancer Cancer-causing mutations Disease of aging
More informationImmunohistochemical vs Molecular Biology Methods Complementary Techniques for Effective Screening ofp53 Alterations in Head and Neck Cancer
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Original Article Complementary Techniques for Effective Screening ofp3 Alterations in Head and Neck Cancer ANNA CALZOLARI, PhD, ILARIA CHIARELLI, MSc, SIMONETTA BIANCHI, MD, LUCA MESSERINI,
More information(A) PCR primers (arrows) designed to distinguish wild type (P1+P2), targeted (P1+P2) and excised (P1+P3)14-
1 Supplemental Figure Legends Figure S1. Mammary tumors of ErbB2 KI mice with 14-3-3σ ablation have elevated ErbB2 transcript levels and cell proliferation (A) PCR primers (arrows) designed to distinguish
More information6.3 DNA Mutations. SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau
6.3 DNA Mutations SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau DNA Mutations Gene expression can be affected by errors that occur during DNA replication. Some errors are repaired, but others can become mutations (changes in the nucleotide
More informationMalignant lymphomas are neoplasms that arise from B
Overview of the Role of Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Malignant Lymphomas L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD; Jeanne Carr, PhD Objective. To review the role of molecular genetics in the diagnosis of malignant
More informationMRC-Holland MLPA. Description version 06; 23 December 2016
SALSA MLPA probemix P417-B2 BAP1 Lot B2-1216. As compared to version B1 (lot B1-0215), two reference probes have been added and two target probes have a minor change in length. The BAP1 (BRCA1 associated
More informationNew: P077 BRCA2. This new probemix can be used to confirm results obtained with P045 BRCA2 probemix.
SALSA MLPA KIT P045-B2 BRCA2/CHEK2 Lot 0410, 0609. As compared to version B1, four reference probes have been replaced and extra control fragments at 100 and 105 nt (X/Y specific) have been included. New:
More informationMolecular Diagnosis. Nucleic acid based testing in Oncology
Molecular Diagnosis Nucleic acid based testing in Oncology Objectives Describe uses of NAT in Oncology Diagnosis, Prediction, monitoring. Genetics Screening, presymptomatic testing, diagnostic testing,
More informationNucleic Acid Testing - Oncology. Molecular Diagnosis. Gain/Loss of Nucleic Acid. Objectives. MYCN and Neuroblastoma. Molecular Diagnosis
Nucleic Acid Testing - Oncology Molecular Diagnosis Nucleic acid based testing in Oncology Gross alterations in DNA content of tumors (ploidy) Gain/Loss of nucleic acids Markers of Clonality Oncogene/Tumor
More informationCANCER. Inherited Cancer Syndromes. Affects 25% of US population. Kills 19% of US population (2nd largest killer after heart disease)
CANCER Affects 25% of US population Kills 19% of US population (2nd largest killer after heart disease) NOT one disease but 200-300 different defects Etiologic Factors In Cancer: Relative contributions
More informationBcl-2 and p53 protein expression in all grades of astrocytomas
Southern Adventist Univeristy KnowledgeExchange@Southern Senior Research Projects Southern Scholars 11-1994 Bcl-2 and p53 protein expression in all grades of astrocytomas Robyn L. Castleberg Follow this
More informationCYTOGENETICS Dr. Mary Ann Perle
CYTOGENETICS Dr. Mary Ann Perle I) Mitosis and metaphase chromosomes A) Chromosomes are most fully condensed and clearly distinguishable during mitosis. B) Mitosis (M phase) takes 1 to 2 hrs and is divided
More informationMutational analysis of p53 gene in sporadic breast carcinoma
Pak. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2015; 48(3): 79-83 Mutational analysis of p53 gene in sporadic breast carcinoma Irsa Mateen and Saba Irshad* Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab,
More informationSALSA MLPA probemix P315-B1 EGFR
SALSA MLPA probemix P315-B1 EGFR Lot B1-0215 and B1-0112. As compared to the previous A1 version (lot 0208), two mutation-specific probes for the EGFR mutations L858R and T709M as well as one additional
More informationLESSON 3.2 WORKBOOK. How do normal cells become cancer cells? Workbook Lesson 3.2
For a complete list of defined terms, see the Glossary. Transformation the process by which a cell acquires characteristics of a tumor cell. LESSON 3.2 WORKBOOK How do normal cells become cancer cells?
More informationCytogenetics 101: Clinical Research and Molecular Genetic Technologies
Cytogenetics 101: Clinical Research and Molecular Genetic Technologies Topics for Today s Presentation 1 Classical vs Molecular Cytogenetics 2 What acgh? 3 What is FISH? 4 What is NGS? 5 How can these
More informationHER-2/neu amplification detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in fine needle aspirates from primary breast cancer
Original article Annals of Oncology 13: 1398 1403, 2002 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf217 HER-2/neu amplification detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in fine needle aspirates from primary breast cancer
More informationStructural Variation and Medical Genomics
Structural Variation and Medical Genomics Andrew King Department of Biomedical Informatics July 8, 2014 You already know about small scale genetic mutations Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) Deletions,
More informationIdentification of Novel Variant of EML4-ALK Fusion Gene in NSCLC: Potential Benefits of the RT-PCR Method
International journal of Biomedical science ORIGINAL ARTICLE Identification of Novel Variant of EML4-ALK Fusion Gene in NSCLC: Potential Benefits of the RT-PCR Method Martin K. H. Maus 1, 2, Craig Stephens
More informationSALSA MLPA KIT P060-B2 SMA
SALSA MLPA KIT P6-B2 SMA Lot 111, 511: As compared to the previous version B1 (lot 11), the 88 and 96 nt DNA Denaturation control fragments have been replaced (QDX2). Please note that, in contrast to the
More informationHER2 CISH pharmdx TM Kit Interpretation Guide Breast Cancer
P A T H O L O G Y HER2 CISH pharmdx TM Kit Interpretation Guide Breast Cancer FROM CERTAINTY COMES TRUST For in vitro diagnostic use HER2 CISH pharmdx Kit HER2 CISH pharmdx Kit is intended for dual-color
More informationmicrorna Presented for: Presented by: Date:
microrna Presented for: Presented by: Date: 2 micrornas Non protein coding, endogenous RNAs of 21-22nt length Evolutionarily conserved Regulate gene expression by binding complementary regions at 3 regions
More informationSignificance of Chromosome Changes in Hematological Disorders and Solid Tumors
Significance of Chromosome Changes in Hematological Disorders and Solid Tumors Size of Components of Human Genome Size of haploid genome 3.3 X 10 9 DNA basepairs Estimated genetic constitution 30,000
More informationSignificance of Chromosome Changes in Hematological Disorders and Solid Tumors
Significance of Chromosome Changes in Hematological Disorders and Solid Tumors Size of Components of Human Genome Size of haploid genome! Estimated genetic constitution! Size of average chromosome
More informationHST.161 Molecular Biology and Genetics in Modern Medicine Fall 2007
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu HST.161 Molecular Biology and Genetics in Modern Medicine Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
More informationCitation Acta Medica Nagasakiensia. 1992, 37
NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Ac Title Author(s) A Study on the Expression of EGFR a Content in the Stomach Cancer Tissu Nakazaki Takayuki Citation Acta Medica Nagasakiensia. 1992 37 Issue Date 1992-12-25
More informationUnderstanding the Human Karyotype Colleen Jackson Cook, Ph.D.
Understanding the Human Karyotype Colleen Jackson Cook, Ph.D. SUPPLEMENTAL READING Nussbaum, RL, McInnes, RR, and Willard HF (2007) Thompson and Thompson Genetics in Medicine, 7th edition. Saunders: Philadelphia.
More informationIT S ABOUT TIME. IQFISH pharmdx Interpretation Guide THREEHOURSTHIRTYMINUTES. HER2 IQFISH pharmdxtm. TOP2A IQFISH pharmdxtm
I N T E R P R E TAT I O N IQFISH pharmdx Interpretation Guide TM HER2 IQFISH pharmdxtm TOP2A IQFISH pharmdxtm Breast carcinoma (FFPE) stained with HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Breast carcinoma (FFPE) stained with
More informationTable S1. Primers and PCR protocols for mutation screening of MN1, NF2, KREMEN1 and ZNRF3.
Table S1. Primers and PCR protocols for mutation screening of MN1, NF2, KREMEN1 and ZNRF3. MN1 (Accession No. NM_002430) MN1-1514F 5 -GGCTGTCATGCCCTATTGAT Exon 1 MN1-1882R 5 -CTGGTGGGGATGATGACTTC Exon
More informationDako IT S ABOUT TIME. Interpretation Guide. Agilent Pathology Solutions. ALK, ROS1 and RET IQFISH probes (Dako Omnis) MET IQFISH probe (Dako Omnis)
INTERPRETATION Dako Agilent Pathology Solutions IQFISH Interpretation Guide ALK, ROS1 and RET IQFISH probes (Dako Omnis) MET IQFISH probe (Dako Omnis) IT S ABOUT TIME For In Vitro Diagnostic Use ALK, ROS1,
More informationRole of Paired Box9 (PAX9) (rs ) and Muscle Segment Homeobox1 (MSX1) (581C>T) Gene Polymorphisms in Tooth Agenesis
EC Dental Science Special Issue - 2017 Role of Paired Box9 (PAX9) (rs2073245) and Muscle Segment Homeobox1 (MSX1) (581C>T) Gene Polymorphisms in Tooth Agenesis Research Article Dr. Sonam Sethi 1, Dr. Anmol
More informationSTRUCTURAL CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
STRUCTURAL CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS Structural chromosomal aberrations cause structural abnormalities in chromosome structure. They alter the sequence or the kind of genes present in chromosome. These are
More informationSection Chapter 14. Go to Section:
Section 12-3 Chapter 14 Go to Section: Content Objectives Write these Down! I will be able to identify: The origin of genetic differences among organisms. The possible kinds of different mutations. The
More informationAnnexure III SOLUTIONS AND REAGENTS
Annexure III SOLUTIONS AND REAGENTS A. STOCK SOLUTIONS FOR DNA ISOLATION 0.5M Ethylene-diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) (ph=8.0) 1M Tris-Cl (ph=8.0) 5M NaCl solution Red cell lysis buffer (10X) White cell
More informationSupplementary Information Titles Journal: Nature Medicine
Supplementary Information Titles Journal: Nature Medicine Article Title: Corresponding Author: Supplementary Item & Number Supplementary Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4 Fig.5 Fig.6 Fig.7 Fig.8 Fig.9 Fig. Fig.11
More informationRole of FISH in Hematological Cancers
Role of FISH in Hematological Cancers Thomas S.K. Wan PhD,FRCPath,FFSc(RCPA) Honorary Professor, Department of Pathology & Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong. e-mail: wantsk@hku.hk
More informationChapter 9. Cells Grow and Reproduce
Chapter 9 Cells Grow and Reproduce DNA Replication DNA polymerase Addition of a nucleotide to the 3 end of a growing strand Use dntps as substrate Release of pyrophosphate Initiation of Replication Replication
More informationThe diagnostic and prognostic value of genetic aberrations in resectable distal bile duct cancer Rijken, A.M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The diagnostic and prognostic value of genetic aberrations in resectable distal bile duct cancer Rijken, A.M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):
More informationTITLE: The Role of hcdc4 as a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Genomic Instability Underlying Prostate Cancer
AD Award Number: TITLE: The Role of hcdc4 as a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Genomic Instability Underlying Prostate Cancer PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Audrey van Drogen, Ph.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Sidney
More informationExample: Distance in M.U. % Crossing Over Why? Double crossovers
Example: Distance in M.U. % Crossing Over 1 5 10 15 50 80 100 107 Why? Double crossovers 232 .. A B. a b. 1. A fully heterozygous gray-bodied (b+), normal winged (vg+) female F 1 fruit fly crossed with
More informationCANCER GENETICS PROVIDER SURVEY
Dear Participant, Previously you agreed to participate in an evaluation of an education program we developed for primary care providers on the topic of cancer genetics. This is an IRB-approved, CDCfunded
More informationAmoyDx TM BRAF V600E Mutation Detection Kit
AmoyDx TM BRAF V600E Mutation Detection Kit Detection of V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene Instructions For Use Instructions Version: B3.1 Date of Revision: April 2012 Store at -20±2 o C 1/5 Background
More informationBio 111 Study Guide Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein
Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein BEFORE CLASS: Reading: Read the introduction on p. 333, skip the beginning of Concept 17.1 from p. 334 to the bottom of the first column on p. 336, and
More informationThe Biology and Genetics of Cells and Organisms The Biology of Cancer
The Biology and Genetics of Cells and Organisms The Biology of Cancer Mendel and Genetics How many distinct genes are present in the genomes of mammals? - 21,000 for human. - Genetic information is carried
More informationIntroduction. Table of Contents. Background Information. 2 VISIT for complete experiment details & free student protocols.
Introduction Cancer contributes to almost one in every four deaths in the United States. Fortunately, innovations in biomedical research have improved our understanding of the differences between normal
More informationMolecular mechanisms of human carcinogenesis
Cancer: Cell Structures, Carcinogens and Genomic Instability Edited by Leon P. Bignold 2006 Birkhäuser Verlag/Switzerland 321 Molecular mechanisms of human carcinogenesis William B. Coleman 1 and Gregory
More informationTHE STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND THE p53 PROTEIN AND P21 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER
( Thmese Journal of ('ancer Research 8(3): 187-19L 1996. THE STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND THE p53 PROTEIN AND P21 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER ZhouBaosen )~j'#:~ lleanguang
More informationDetermination of HER2 Amplification by In Situ Hybridization. When Should Chromosome 17 Also Be Determined?
Anatomic Pathology / FISH f o r HER2: Wh e n to Use Ch r o m o s o m e 17 Determination of HER2 Amplification by In Situ Hybridization When Should Chromosome 17 Also Be Determined? John M.S. Bartlett,
More informationInstant Quality FISH. The name says it all.
COMPANION DIAGNOSTICS Instant Quality FISH Instant Quality FISH. The name says it all. IQ: Instant Quality every time. Breast carcinoma stained with : Triple filter showing Blue DAPI colors nuclei, FITC
More informationMultistep nature of cancer development. Cancer genes
Multistep nature of cancer development Phenotypic progression loss of control over cell growth/death (neoplasm) invasiveness (carcinoma) distal spread (metastatic tumor) Genetic progression multiple genetic
More informationMRC-Holland MLPA. Description version 19;
SALSA MLPA probemix P6-B2 SMA Lot B2-712, B2-312, B2-111, B2-511: As compared to the previous version B1 (lot B1-11), the 88 and 96 nt DNA Denaturation control fragments have been replaced (QDX2). SPINAL
More informationMRC-Holland MLPA. Description version 18; 09 September 2015
SALSA MLPA probemix P090-A4 BRCA2 Lot A4-0715, A4-0714, A4-0314, A4-0813, A4-0712: Compared to lot A3-0710, the 88 and 96 nt control fragments have been replaced (QDX2). This product is identical to the
More informationOriginal Policy Date
MP 2.04.76 Genetic Counseling Medical Policy Section Medicine Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Created Local Policy/ 12:2013 Return to Medical Policy Index Disclaimer
More informationMRC-Holland MLPA. Description version 29;
SALSA MLPA KIT P003-B1 MLH1/MSH2 Lot 1209, 0109. As compared to the previous lots 0307 and 1006, one MLH1 probe (exon 19) and four MSH2 probes have been replaced. In addition, one extra MSH2 exon 1 probe,
More informationHER2 FISH pharmdx TM Interpretation Guide - Breast Cancer
P A T H O L O G Y HER2 FISH pharmdx TM Interpretation Guide - Breast Cancer For In Vitro Diagnostic Use FDA approved as an aid in the assessment of patients for whom Herceptin TM (trastuzumab) treatment
More informationSALSA MLPA KIT P050-B2 CAH
SALSA MLPA KIT P050-B2 CAH Lot 0510, 0909, 0408: Compared to lot 0107, extra control fragments have been added at 88, 96, 100 and 105 nt. The 274 nt probe gives a higher signal in lot 0510 compared to
More informationThree Hours Thirty Minutes
INTERPRETATION HER2 IQFISH pharmdx TM Interpretation Guide Three Hours Thirty Minutes it s about time Breast carcinoma (FFPE) stained with HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Gastric cancer (FFPE) stained with HER2 IQFISH
More informationDr. dr. Primariadewi R, SpPA(K)
Curriculum Vitae Dr. dr. Primariadewi R, SpPA(K) Education : Medical Doctor from UKRIDA Doctoral Degree from Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Pathologist Specialist and Consultant from Faculty
More informationSOMAPLEX REVERSE PHASE PROTEIN MICROARRAY HUMAN KIDNEY TUMOR & NORMAL TISSUE
SOMAPLEX REVERSE PHASE PROTEIN MICROARRAY HUMAN KIDNEY TUMOR & NORMAL TISSUE 45 CLINICAL CASES SERIAL DILUTION MULTIPLE PROTEIN CONCENTRATION QUANTITATIVE ASSAY PRODUCT NUMBER: PM1-001-N SOMAPLEX REVERSE
More informationAIDS - Knowledge and Dogma. Conditions for the Emergence and Decline of Scientific Theories Congress, July 16/ , Vienna, Austria
AIDS - Knowledge and Dogma Conditions for the Emergence and Decline of Scientific Theories Congress, July 16/17 2010, Vienna, Austria Reliability of PCR to detect genetic sequences from HIV Juan Manuel
More informationRNA extraction, RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Total RNA were extracted using
Supplementary Information Materials and Methods RNA extraction, RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Total RNA were extracted using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen,Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
More informationFONS Nové sekvenační technologie vklinickédiagnostice?
FONS 2010 Nové sekvenační technologie vklinickédiagnostice? Sekvenování amplikonů Sequence capture Celogenomové sekvenování FONS 2010 Sekvenování amplikonů Amplicon sequencing - amplicon sequencing enables
More informationInstant Quality FISH. The name says it all.
PRODUCT INFORMATION HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Instant Quality FISH Instant Quality FISH. The name says it all. HER2 IQFISH pharmdx IQ: Instant Quality every time. HER2 IQFISH pharmdx stains of a HER2 non-amplified
More informationDevelopment of Carcinoma Pathways
The Construction of Genetic Pathway to Colorectal Cancer Moriah Wright, MD Clinical Fellow in Colorectal Surgery Creighton University School of Medicine Management of Colon and Diseases February 23, 2019
More informationMolecular Probes Introducing 14 new probes
Molecular Probes Introducing 14 new probes Gene and Chromosome Probes Dual Colour ISH INFORM HER2 Dual ISH DNA Probe Cocktail Assay Product Part Number INFORM HER2 Dual ISH DNA Probe Cocktail 800-4422
More informationSection D: The Molecular Biology of Cancer
CHAPTER 19 THE ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF EUKARYOTIC GENOMES Section D: The Molecular Biology of Cancer 1. Cancer results from genetic changes that affect the cell cycle 2. Oncogene proteins and faulty
More informationHepatitis B Virus Genemer
Product Manual Hepatitis B Virus Genemer Primer Pair for amplification of HBV Viral Specific Fragment Catalog No.: 60-2007-10 Store at 20 o C For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures
More informationMost severely affected will be the probe for exon 15. Please keep an eye on the D-fragments (especially the 96 nt fragment).
SALSA MLPA probemix P343-C3 Autism-1 Lot C3-1016. As compared to version C2 (lot C2-0312) five reference probes have been replaced, one reference probe added and several lengths have been adjusted. Warning:
More informationStudying The Role Of DNA Mismatch Repair In Brain Cancer Malignancy
Kavya Puchhalapalli CALS Honors Project Report Spring 2017 Studying The Role Of DNA Mismatch Repair In Brain Cancer Malignancy Abstract Malignant brain tumors including medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal
More informationMicroRNA and Male Infertility: A Potential for Diagnosis
Review Article MicroRNA and Male Infertility: A Potential for Diagnosis * Abstract MicroRNAs (mirnas) are small non-coding single stranded RNA molecules that are physiologically produced in eukaryotic
More informationAsingle inherited mutant gene may be enough to
396 Cancer Inheritance STEVEN A. FRANK Asingle inherited mutant gene may be enough to cause a very high cancer risk. Single-mutation cases have provided much insight into the genetic basis of carcinogenesis,
More informationDOES THE BRCAX GENE EXIST? FUTURE OUTLOOK
CHAPTER 6 DOES THE BRCAX GENE EXIST? FUTURE OUTLOOK Genetic research aimed at the identification of new breast cancer susceptibility genes is at an interesting crossroad. On the one hand, the existence
More informationMolecular and genetic analysis of stromal fibroblasts in prostate cancer
Final report ESMO Translational Research Fellowship 2010-2011 Molecular and genetic analysis of stromal fibroblasts in prostate cancer Michalis Karamouzis Host Institute Department of Biological Chemistry,
More informationMolecular biomarker profile of EGFR copy number, KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal carcinoma
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Molecular biomarker profile of EGFR copy number, KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal carcinoma Rong Rong, Jamie Tull, Shengle Zhang Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate University,
More informationIntroduction to Cancer Biology
Introduction to Cancer Biology Robin Hesketh Multiple choice questions (choose the one correct answer from the five choices) Which ONE of the following is a tumour suppressor? a. AKT b. APC c. BCL2 d.
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Fig. 1: Quality assessment of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-derived DNA and nuclei. (a) Multiplex PCR analysis of unrepaired and repaired bulk FFPE gdna from
More informationClonal evolution of human cancers
Clonal evolution of human cancers -Pathology-based microdissection and genetic analysis precisely demonstrates molecular evolution of neoplastic clones- Hiroaki Fujii, MD Ageo Medical Laboratories, Yashio
More informationSupplemental Data: Detailed Characteristics of Patients with MKRN3. Patient 1 was born after an uneventful pregnancy. She presented in our
1 2 Supplemental Data: Detailed Characteristics of Patients with MKRN3 Mutations 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Patient 1 was born after an uneventful pregnancy. She presented
More informationComparison of Immunohistochemical and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assessment of HER-2 Status in Routine Practice
Anatomic Pathology / ASSESSMENT OF HER-2 STATUS Comparison of Immunohistochemical and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assessment of HER-2 Status in Routine Practice Michelle Dolan, MD, 1 and Dale Snover,
More informationExon 5 of the p53 gene is a target for deletions in ovarian cancer
Clinical Chemistry 44:1 72 77 (1998) Molecular Pathology and Genetics Exon 5 of the p53 gene is a target for deletions in ovarian cancer Katerina Angelopoulou, 1,2 Michael A. Levesque, 1,2 Dionyssios Katsaros,
More informationPriti Lal, MD, 1 Paulo A. Salazar, 1 Clifford A. Hudis, MD, 2 Marc Ladanyi, MD, 1 and Beiyun Chen, MD, PhD 1. Abstract
Anatomic Pathology / DUAL- VS SINGLE-COLOR SCORING IN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND FISH HER-2 TESTING HER-2 Testing in Breast Cancer Using Immunohistochemical Analysis and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
More informationBiochemistry of Cancer and Tumor Markers
Biochemistry of Cancer and Tumor Markers The term cancer applies to a group of diseases in which cells grow abnormally and form a malignant tumor. It is a long term multistage genetic process. The first
More informationAbstract. Optimization strategy of Copy Number Variant calling using Multiplicom solutions APPLICATION NOTE. Introduction
Optimization strategy of Copy Number Variant calling using Multiplicom solutions Michael Vyverman, PhD; Laura Standaert, PhD and Wouter Bossuyt, PhD Abstract Copy number variations (CNVs) represent a significant
More informationBWA alignment to reference transcriptome and genome. Convert transcriptome mappings back to genome space
Whole genome sequencing Whole exome sequencing BWA alignment to reference transcriptome and genome Convert transcriptome mappings back to genome space genomes Filter on MQ, distance, Cigar string Annotate
More informationMolecular Markers. Marcie Riches, MD, MS Associate Professor University of North Carolina Scientific Director, Infection and Immune Reconstitution WC
Molecular Markers Marcie Riches, MD, MS Associate Professor University of North Carolina Scientific Director, Infection and Immune Reconstitution WC Overview Testing methods Rationale for molecular testing
More informationTITLE: CYP1B1 Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for Race-Related Prostate Cancer
AD Award Number: W81XWH-04-1-0579 TITLE: CYP1B1 Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for Race-Related Prostate Cancer PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Yuichiro Tanaka, Ph.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Northern California
More informationMRC-Holland MLPA. Description version 08; 30 March 2015
SALSA MLPA probemix P351-C1 / P352-D1 PKD1-PKD2 P351-C1 lot C1-0914: as compared to the previous version B2 lot B2-0511 one target probe has been removed and three reference probes have been replaced.
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
SW Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory, Jenner Wing, SGUL Cranmer Terrace London SW17 0RE Contact: Mr John Short Tel: +44 (0) 208 725 5332 Fax: +44 (0) 208 725 3440 E-Mail: swtrgl@stgeorges.nhs.uk Website:
More informationMEDICAL GENOMICS LABORATORY. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Panel by Next-Gen Sequencing (PNT-NG)
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Panel by Next-Gen Sequencing (PNT-NG) Ordering Information Acceptable specimen types: Blood (3-6ml EDTA; no time limitations associated with receipt) Saliva (OGR-575 DNA Genotek;
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Maha Shomaf
number 19 Done by Waseem Abo-Obeida Corrected by Abdullah Zreiqat Doctor Maha Shomaf Carcinogenesis: the molecular basis of cancer. Non-lethal genetic damage lies at the heart of carcinogenesis and leads
More informationComparative genomic hybridization of primary skeletal Ewing's sarcoma
Turkish Journal of Cancer Vol.31/ No. 1/2001 Comparative genomic hybridization of primary skeletal Ewing's sarcoma İBRAHİM KESER 1, ELISABETH BURCKHARDT 2, NURDAN TUNALI 3, MUALLA ALKAN 2 1 Department
More informationReporting cytogenetics Can it make sense? Daniel Weisdorf MD University of Minnesota
Reporting cytogenetics Can it make sense? Daniel Weisdorf MD University of Minnesota Reporting cytogenetics What is it? Terminology Clinical value What details are important Diagnostic Tools for Leukemia
More informationSALSA MS-MLPA KIT ME011-A1 Mismatch Repair genes (MMR) Lot 0609, 0408, 0807, 0407
SALSA MS-MLPA KIT ME011-A1 Mismatch Repair genes (MMR) Lot 0609, 0408, 0807, 0407 The Mismatch Repair (MMR) system is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. MMR increases the fidelity of DNA
More information