Accepted Article Preview: Published ahead of advance online publication
|
|
- Christopher Bryan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Accepted Article Preview: Published ahead of advance online publication Omega-3 fatty acids prevent early-life antibiotic exposureinduced gut microbiota dysbiosis and later-life obesity K Kaliannan, B Wang, X-Y Li, A K Bhan, J X Kang Cite this article as: K Kaliannan, B Wang, X-Y Li, A K Bhan, J X Kang, Omega-3 fatty acids prevent early-life antibiotic exposure-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and later-life obesity, International Journal of Obesity accepted article preview 15 February 2016; doi: /ijo This is a PDF file of an unedited peer-reviewed manuscript that has been accepted for publication. NPG are providing this early version of the manuscript as a service to our customers. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting and a proof review before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply. Received 31 July 2015; revised 12 December 2015; accepted 13 January 2016; Accepted article preview online 15 February 2016
2 Omega-3 fatty acids prevent early-life antibiotic exposureinduced gut microbiota dysbiosis and later-life obesity Kanakaraju Kaliannan 1, Bin Wang 1, Xiang-Yong Li 1, Atul K. Bhan 2, Jing X. Kang 1 * 1 Laboratory of Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA 2 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA *Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed: Jing X. Kang, M.D., Ph.D. Laboratory for Lipid Medicine & Technology Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital th Street Boston, MA Tel: (617) Fax: (617) kang.jing@mgh.harvard.edu Running Title: Omega-3 prevents antibiotic-induced obesity Disclosures: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists. Keywords: Antibiotics; omega-3; n-6/n-3 ratio; gut microbiota; obesity; metabolic syndrome 1
3 Abstract Early-life antibiotic exposure can disrupt the founding intestinal microbial community and lead to obesity later in life. Recent studies show that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce body weight gain and chronic inflammation through modulation of the gut microbiota. We hypothesize that increased tissue levels of omega-3 fatty acids may prevent antibiotic-induced alteration of gut microbiota and obesity later in life. Here, we utilize the fat-1 transgenic mouse model, which can endogenously produce omega-3 fatty acids and thereby eliminates confounding factors of diet, to show that elevated tissue levels of omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduce body weight gain and the severity of insulin resistance, fatty liver, and dyslipidemia resulting from early-life exposure to azithromycin (AZT). These effects were associated with a reversal of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota in fat-1 mice. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and obesity, and suggest the potential utility of omega-3 supplementation as a safe and effective means for the prevention of obesity in children who are exposed to antibiotics. 2
4 Introduction Early exposure to antibiotics is now linked with an increased susceptibility to obesity later in life (1, 2). The widespread use of antibiotics during childhood could therefore contribute significantly to the modern prevalence of obesity. Azithromycin (AZT) is among the most common broad-spectrum antibiotics prescribed for children (3), and has been reported to induce obesity in children with cystic fibrosis (4). Thus, identification of safe and effective means for preventing antibiotic-induced obesity is warranted Gut dysbiosis is a critical factor in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, possibly due to increased energy harvest, production of toxic bacterial metabolites, and greater intestinal permeability leading to elevated levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in systemic circulation and consequently, a low-grade systemic inflammatory state (5). An increased proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes is recognized as a marker of obesity (6). As antibiotics can significantly alter gut microbiota composition as well as the host response to specific microbial signals (7), disruption of the gut microbiota appears to be a key mechanism underlying antibiotic-induced obesity Recent studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on obesity and the gut microbiota (8, 9). Elevating tissue levels of n-3 PUFA can significantly reduce growth of gram-negative Escherichia coli and increase growth of beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (8), reducing LPS production and thereby suppressing endotoxemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (9). Omega-3 PUFA supplementation has also been shown to reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and fat 3
5 accretion in animals fed a high-fat diet (10, 11). In this context, we hypothesize that increased tissue levels of n-3 PUFA can prevent the changes in the gut microbiota and onset of later-life obesity caused by early exposure to antibiotics. To test this hypothesis, we used the Fat-1 transgenic mouse model to determine the effects of n-3 PUFA on antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome. The Fat-1 mouse expresses the Caenorhabditis elegans fat-1 gene and endogenously produces n-3 PUFA from n-6 PUFA without the need for n-3 PUFA supplementation (Figure S1), thereby eliminating confounding factors of diet (12) Results and Discussion Five-week-old Fat-1 mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates received three intermittent courses of AZT over five weeks, were allowed to recover for six weeks, and then fed a Western diet (high in carbohydrates and fat) for 14 weeks (Figure S2). Compared to the control group, WT+AZT mice gained significantly more body weight after being fed the Western diet (20.04±1.07 vs ±0.44 g, WT vs. WT+AZT, respectively, p<0.001; Figure 1A), primarily due to increased white adipose tissue weight (Figure 1B). Levels of fasting blood glucose (28% increase, p<0.001), fasting serum insulin (25% increase, p<0.05), and HOMA-IR (61% increase, p<0.001) were also significantly elevated by AZT treatment in WT mice (Figure 1C). In contrast, the Fat-1+AZT group did not exhibit significant body weight gain compared to the control Fat-1 group (Figure 1A, B), and changes in fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, and HOMA-IR were much smaller than those in the WT+AZT group (Figure 1C). Food intake and antibiotic water consumption did not differ among groups (Figure S3). Furthermore, WT+AZT mice exhibited marked development of fatty liver disease compared to the untreated WT mice, as shown by histological staining, liver weight (17% increase, p<0.05), hepatic 4
6 triglyceride (TG) levels (22% increase, p<0.05), and ALT (77% increase, p<0.05) and AST (149% increase, p<0.05) enzymatic activity (Figure 1D). Conversely, these markers of fatty liver disease were not increased in Fat-1+AZT mice (Figure 1D). Serum lipid profile abnormalities in total cholesterol (48% increase, p<0.01), TG (44% increase, p<0.01), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (8% increase, p<0.01) were also observed in WT+AZT mice compared to their untreated WT counterparts, while Fat-1+AZT mice were largely protected against these changes (Figure 1E) To determine the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and whether increased tissue n-3 PUFA could protect against these effects, fecal qpcr analyses were performed to quantify major gut microbial phyla at various time points (Figure S2). Following antibiotic treatment, significant shifts in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (due to increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes levels) were observed in both WT and Fat-1 mice, compared to their untreated counterparts (Figures 2A, B & S4). During recovery, WT+AZT mice exhibited a further increase in Firmicutes proportions compared to the other groups, while Fat-1+AZT mice showed markedly recovered levels of Bacteroidetes (Figure 2A, B) and subsequently, a significantly reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to the WT+AZT mice (0.78±0.15 vs. 1.45±0.08, Fat-1+AZT vs. WT+AZT, respectively, p<0.05; Figure 2B). After a Western diet challenge, Firmicutes levels increased roughly 2-fold in all groups, and both the WT and Fat-1 treatment groups exhibited higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios than their untreated counterparts (Figure 2A, B). However, Bacteroidetes levels were significantly less decreased in Fat-1+AZT mice compared to the WT+AZT mice, resulting in a significantly lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (4.53±0.84 vs ±4.81, Fat-1+AZT vs. WT+AZT, 5
7 70 71 respectively, p<0.05; Figure 2A, B). These results indicate that elevated tissue n-3 PUFA can attenuate the antibiotic-induced increase of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio later in life Furthermore, greater recovery of Bifidobacterium and reduced abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in Fat-1+AZT mice led to a significantly higher Bifidobacterium/Enterobacteriaceae ratio a well-established marker of colonization resistance to opportunistic pathogens (13) during the recovery period, compared to the WT+AZT mice (2.34±0.20 vs. 0.27±0.04, Fat-1+AZT vs. WT+AZT, respectively, p<0.01; Figure 2C). Fat-1+AZT mice also exhibited dramatically lower levels of Proteobacteria (Figure 2D), including the opportunistic pathogen E.coli (Figure 2E), compared to WT+AZT mice. Accordingly, markers of metabolic endotoxemia (LPS and LPSbinding protein (LBP)) and chronic low-grade inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) were significantly reduced in Fat-1+AZT mice (Figures S5 & S6). These findings suggest that elevated tissue n-3 PUFA can reduce the antibiotic-induced increase of pathogenic bacteria and related endotoxemia and inflammation Our recent study has clearly demonstrated the capability for n-3 PUFA in modulating gut microbiota by using germ free mouse model and co-housing experiments (9). A series of experiments, including fecal transfer, gene expression and enzymatic assays, has also revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal expression and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduces the severity of inflammation and metabolic syndrome (9). These results support the notion that the 6
8 92 93 observed changes in the gut microbiota profile were a result of elevating tissue levels of omega-3 fatty acids A higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (FIR: BAC) reflects greater energy extraction from the diet, and interventions that reduce this ratio have been shown to prevent obesity in animals and humans (14, 15). Increased Enterobacteriaceae and decreased Bifidobacterium levels are known to contribute to metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade inflammation (16), which are important factors for the development of obesity. Although 16s rrna pyrosequencing can provide substantial information on gut microbiota, the key markers of gut microbiota associated with obesity development can be adequately measured by qpcr. Our findings that elevating tissue n-3 PUFA reduces the antibiotic-induced increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, improves the Bifidobacterium/Enterobacteriaceae ratio, and prevents obesity, indicate the capability of n-3 PUFA in the management of antibiotic-related obesity The present study underscores the importance of sufficient n-3 PUFA intake during the perinatal period, especially given the frequency of antibiotic use in infants and children. The results from the fat-1 transgenic mouse model demonstrate that the beneficial effects are derived from elevated tissue levels of n-3 PUFA, rather than other dietary components. We have previously shown that elevated tissue n-3 PUFA status and the beneficial effects observed in the fat-1 mice could also be achieved through dietary intervention (9). WT mice supplemented with n-3 PUFA for 2 months exhibited a tissue essential fatty acid profile, gut bacterial profile, and inflammatory status comparable to those of the fat-1 transgenic mice (9). These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA can also confer similar protection against antibiotic-related 7
9 obesity as observed in the fat-1 mice, and warrant further investigation. In this context, there may be great clinical utility for n-3 PUFA supplementation to protect individuals from the adverse metabolic effects associated with early antibiotic exposure In summary, we have demonstrated that early antibiotic exposure can lead to gut dysbiosis and obesity later in life, and that elevating tissue n-3 PUFA can largely prevent these problems. Our findings provide insight into the potential utility of n-3 PUFA in preventing antibiotic-related obesity. 8
10 Author Contributions: J.X.K. and K.K designed the study; K.K., B.W., X-Y.L., and A.K.B. performed experiments; K.K. and J.X.K. analyzed data and wrote the paper. Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the generous funding from Sansun Life Sciences and the Fortune Education Foundation. The authors are also grateful to Marina Kang for her editorial assistance and Amy Goodale for her experimental assistance. 9
11 Figure Legends Figure 1. Omega-3 fatty acids prevent antibiotic-induced obesity and metabolic changes. Male wild-type (WT) and Fat-1 mice were treated with AZT over five weeks (Antibiotics), allowed to recover for six weeks (Recovery), and then fed a Western diet for 14 weeks (Western diet). Body weight and metabolic parameters were monitored throughout. Data are expressed as mean ± SE. Data with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05) according to ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. n = 5 for WT and Fat-1; n=6 for WT+AZT and Fat-1+AZT. Figure 2. Omega-3 fatty acids protect against antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota. Stool samples collected from the four animal groups at different time points were tested for 16s rrna copy numbers of various bacteria using qpcr. Data are expressed as mean ± SE. For twogroup comparisons, ***P < Data with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05) according to ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. n = 5 for WT and Fat-1; n=6 for WT+AZT and Fat-1+AZT. 10
12 References 1. Trasande L, Blustein J, Liu M, Corwin E, Cox LM, Blaser MJ. Infant antibiotic exposures and early-life body mass. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37: Arnal M-E, Zhang J, Erridge C, Smidt H, Lallès J-P. Maternal antibiotic-induced early changes in microbial colonization selectively modulate colonic permeability and inducible heat shock proteins, and digesta concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and tlrstimulants in swine offspring. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e Hersh AL, Shapiro DJ, Pavia AT, Shah SS. Antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory pediatrics in the United States. Pediatrics 2011; 128: Saiman L, et al. Effect of azithromycin on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis uninfected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010; 303: Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT. Gut microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 42: Tremaroli V, Backhed F. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Nature 2012; 489: Wlodarska M, et al. Antibiotic treatment alters the colonic mucus layer and predisposes the host to exacerbated Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. Infect Immun 2011; 79: Patterson E, et al. Impact of dietary fatty acids on metabolic activity and host intestinal microbiota composition in C57BL/6J mice. Br J Nutr 2014; 111, Kaliannan K, Wang B, Li XY, Kim KJ, Kang JX. A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. Sci Rep 2015; 5: Liu T, Hougen H, Vollmer AC, Hiebert SM. Gut bacteria profiles of Mus musculus at the phylum and family levels are influenced by saturation of dietary fatty acids. Anaerobe 2012; 18: Cao ZJ, Yu JC, Kang WM, Ma ZQ, Ye X, Tian SB. [Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gut microbiota and endotoxin levels in portal vein of rats fed with high-fat diet]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2014; 36:
13 12. Kang JX, Wang J, Wu L, Kang ZB. Transgenic mice: fat-1 mice convert n-6 to n-3 fatty acids. Nature 2004; 427: Jaeggi T, Kortman GA, Moretti D, et al. Iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in Kenyan infants. Gut 2015; 64: Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesityassociated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 2006; 444: Sasaki M, et al. Transglucosidase improves the gut microbiota profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13: Cani PD, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 2008; 57:
14
15
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information Figure S1. Differential colonic fatty acids profiles of wild-type and Fat-1 mice measured by gas chromatography. A) Total n-6 PUFA; B) Total n-3 PUFA; C) n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio; D)
More informationHOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH THE INTESTINAL BARRIER AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY Intestinal Barrier: a functional body Defense from translocation of dietary antigens, bacteria or bacterial endotoxins
More informationGut Reaction. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
Gut Reaction Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Ley, R. et al (2005) PNAS vol. 102 no. 31 Bacterial diversity in the distal gut (ceca) of C57BL6 mice. (A) Phylogenetic tree of
More informationThe role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target.
Michael Connolly Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target. University of Reading 2008 www.reading.ac.uk
More informationThe Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain Michael T. Bailey, Ph.D. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis The Research Institute, Nationwide Children s Hospital Department
More informationDysbiosis & Inflammation
MASTERING THE MICROBIOME: Dysbiosis & Inflammation 2017 Tom Fabian, PhD It is reasonable to propose that the composition of the microbiome and its activities are involved in most, if not all, of the biological
More informationGUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH?
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH? Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University Center for Research on Ingredient Safety Annual Meeting
More informationAccepted Manuscript. Innate immune cells regulate oncoimmunity and cancer development. Ai-Ping Bai, Yuan Guo
Accepted Manuscript Innate immune cells regulate oncoimmunity and cancer development Ai-Ping Bai, Yuan Guo PII: S0016-5085(18)34974-6 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.057 Reference: YGAST 62119 To appear
More informationMicrobiome GI Disorders
Microbiome GI Disorders Prof. Ram Dickman Neurogastroenterology Unit Rabin Medical Center Israel 1 Key Points Our gut microbiota Were to find them? Symbiosis or Why do we need them? Dysbiosis or when things
More informationThe Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System
The Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System 4 Feb 2016 The Intestinal Microbiota 10 fold more bacterial cells than human cells 100-1000 fold more bacterial genes than human genes Why does
More informationThe enteric microbiota: Implications for IBD. Eugene B. Chang, M.D. University of Chicago
The enteric microbiota: Implications for IBD Eugene B. Chang, M.D. University of Chicago On a per cell basis, humans are mostly prokaryote 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EuK ProK The microbial flora
More informationGut microbiota, metabolic syndrome, obesity and the nutrient sensor pathways
Gut microbiota, metabolic syndrome, obesity and the nutrient sensor pathways Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism Medical University Innsbruck Herbert Tilg Nothing to disclose Fig.
More informationGut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche Reema Subramanian PhD Candidate (4 th year) Supervisor: Prof. Margaret Ip Department of Microbiology, CUHK Joint Graduate Student Seminar
More informationBibliografia Microbiota
Bibliografia Microbiota Systematic Review: Gut Microbiota in Fecal Samples and Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms. The role of the intestinal microbiome in ocular inflammatory disease. The gut microbiome
More informationGut Microbiota and IBD. Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI
Gut Microbiota and IBD Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI 1393.3.1 2 GUT MICROBIOTA 100 Trillion Microbes - 10 times more than cells in our body Collective weight of about 1kg in human
More informationDisclosures. Outline. Nothing to disclose. Dysbiosis and the gut barrier. Endotoxemia and the liver. Impact of products of bacterial metabolism
Disclosures Nothing to disclose Outline Dysbiosis and the gut barrier Endotoxemia and the liver Impact of products of bacterial metabolism 1 Dysbiosis in obesity Obesity: Dysbiosis, shown in multiple settings
More informationExploration of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases. Matthew Stoll MD Research Computing Day September 13, 2012
Exploration of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases Matthew Stoll MD Research Computing Day September 13, 2012 We re surrounded by bugs Human body contains 100 trillion microbes Out-number human cells
More informationRisk Factors for Progression of and Treatment Options for NAFLD in Children
REVIEW Risk Factors for Progression of and Treatment Options for NAFLD in Children Phillipp Hartmann, M.D.,* and Bernd Schnabl, M.D., Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease and can
More informationgeneral meeting 1 20 October 2016
general meeting 1 20 October 2016 introductions today s topics the human microbiome about the study the human microbiome the human microbiome human microbiota: the microorganisms that live within and on
More informationDietary supplementation in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dr. Ahmad Saedi Associate Professor School of Nutritional Sciences and
Dietary supplementation in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dr. Ahmad Saedi Associate Professor School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Honorary Academic
More informationOverview of the Microbiome in Health and Disease Cindy D. Davis
Overview of the Microbiome in Health and Disease Cindy D. Davis davisci@mail.nih.gov OFFICE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 1 Outline 1.What is the microbiome? 2.What is the evidence that diet can influence the
More informationEffects of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: randomized controlled multicenter study
Effects of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: randomized controlled multicenter study Lactobacillus subtilis/streptococcus faecium Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011/acidophilus R0052 Ki Tae
More informationEffect of sow antibiotic treatment and offspring diet on microbiota and gut barrier throughout life
EAAP Meeting, Nantes, August 29, 2013 Interplay EU Project Workshop 2 Effect of sow antibiotic treatment and offspring diet on microbiota and gut barrier throughout life J.P. Lallès 1, M.E. Arnal 1, G.
More informationPreticX Optimize Your Flora
Optimize Your Flora The GI tract microbiome is comprised of bacteria from more than 1,000 species. Understanding how these specific populations of bacteria shift, change, and thrive is providing key insight
More informationFecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe sepsis and Diarrhea : a Case Report
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe sepsis and Diarrhea : a Case Report Qiurong Li Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital Nanjing Univeristy Gut Microbiota 100 trillion cells 10-fold of
More informationDiet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis davisci@mail.nih.gov OFFICE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 1 Outline 1.What is the microbiome? 2.How does it vary over the lifespan? 3.What is the evidence that diet
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2 Learning outcomes. Slide 3. Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota. The importance of microbiota
Slide 1 Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota Professor Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Research Unit Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk
More informationBifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Metagenics Institute. All Rights Reserved.
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 Outline The clinical problem o BMI in Canadian population o Weight gain/regain patterns Microbiome and body weight regulation Development pathway of B420 B420 mechanisms
More informationAntibiotic effects on gut microbiota and metabolism are host dependent
Antibiotic effects on gut microbiota and metabolism are host dependent Shiho Fujisaka, 1 Siegfried Ussar, 1,2 Clary Clish, 3 Suzanne Devkota, 4 Jonathan M. Dreyfuss, 5,6 Masaji Sakaguchi, 1 Marion Soto,
More informationNOVEL BIOMARKERS AS RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
NOVEL BIOMARKERS AS RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Amy Alman, PhD Assistant Professor of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of South Florida Causation is a concept central to epidemiology
More informationThe Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota
The Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota Where are we now? 360 B.C. 2003 Human Gut Microbes Associated With Obesity Ley et al., Nature. 2006. Consumer Driven Science For Better of
More informationThe number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells.
The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells. The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic
More informationProbiotic action and health and well-being of children. Seppo Salminen Functional Foods Forum Finland
Probiotic action and health and well-being of children Seppo Salminen Functional Foods Forum Finland DEFINITION OF A PROBIOTIC Probiotic:...a living microbial preparation, which beneficially influences
More informationIl microbiota intestinale: come regola la riserva e la spesa energetica? Gerardo Nardone.
Il microbiota intestinale: come regola la riserva e la spesa energetica? Gerardo Nardone nardone@unina.it Department of Medicine and Surgery Gastroenterology Unit University Federico II, of Naples, Italy
More informationPerinatal Nutrition. Disclosure Statement. Annual Meeting of the NASPGHAN. Keynote Lecture: Nutrients in the Perinatal Environment: Lessons Learned
Annual Meeting of the NASPGHAN Chicago, ILL October 10-13, 2013 Keynote Lecture: Nutrients in the Perinatal Environment: Lessons Learned Allan Walker, M.D. Boston, MA Disclosure Statement Dr. Allan Walker
More informationHealth Benefits of Turmeric/Curcumin
Health Benefits of Turmeric/Curcumin Shobha Ghosh, PhD, FAHA Professor of Medicine and Physiology Department of Internal Medicine Target Disease Clinical Trials with Curcumin # Dose of Curcumin Findings
More informationMicrobiome and Asthma
제 12 차천식연구회 COPD 연구회공동심포지엄 Microbiome and Asthma 한양대학교병원호흡기알레르기내과 김상헌 Disclosure 내용 1 Lung Microbiome 2 Lung Microbiome and Asthma 3 Gut Microbiome and Asthma Microbiome and Microbiota human microbiome
More informationDiet, microbiota and the immune system: A gut feeling about type 1 diabetes. Dr. Eliana Mariño Monash University Melbourne, Australia
Diet, microbiota and the immune system: A gut feeling about type 1 diabetes Dr. Eliana Mariño Monash University Melbourne, Australia Diet, gut microbiota and Western lifestyle diseases Asthma Fatty liver
More informationRole of the Gut Microbiota in Autoimmunity
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Autoimmunity Pavan Bhargava, MD - Neuroimmunology Fellow Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. May, 2015 None Disclosures
More informationIssues at Hand. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Paradigm. Diet changes the fecal microbiome. Experience with diet in IBD
Diet s Role in IBD David Suskind M.D. Professor of Pediatrics Director of Clinical Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology University of Washington Seattle Children s Hospital Issues at Hand Inflammatory
More informationThe impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development
The Gut-Brain Axis The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon Lao-American Nutrition Institute With acknowledgements
More informationNature Immunology: doi: /ni Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 NLRP12 is downregulated in biopsy samples from patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). (a-g) NLRP12 expression in 7 UC mrna profiling studies deposited in NCBI GEO database.
More informationIntestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease
Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease February 27, 2015 Master s Course in Gastroenterology Prof. Kathy McCoy 1 Overview Overview of Gut Microbiota Microbiota in Health Microbiota in Disease 2 Gut
More information8/14/2016. Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Metabolic Disease: Strategies to Promote Healthy Microbial Communities. Outline. The Human Microbiome:
8/14/216 Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Metabolic Disease: Strategies to Promote Healthy Microbial Communities Kristina Martinez PhD, RD Postdoctoral Research Scholar University of Chicago Chicago, IL Outline
More informationSocioeconomic State & Intestinal Microbiota. Ali Keshavarzian, MD Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL
Socioeconomic State & Intestinal Microbiota Ali Keshavarzian, MD Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL Socioeconomic Status (SES) SES is a hierarchical social classification associated with different
More informationPREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION
PREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION Seema Hooda, Kelly S. Swanson, George C. Fahey, Jr. Department t of Animal Sciences Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute
More informationGut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor
Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor Michelle I. Smith et al. Science 339, 548 (2013) Dept Meeting, 28 May 2013, M. UMEZAKI ABSTRACT. Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe
More informationAsthma. In Europe ~30 million children and adults under 45 have asthma. On average 3 people a day die from asthma in the UK
Dr Neil Williams Nottingham Trent University College of Science and Technology Department of Sport Science Email: neil.williams@ntu.ac.uk @NeilW_ExPhys 1 Asthma In Europe ~30 million children and adults
More informationThe Role of Bacterial Products and Intestinal Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
The Role of Bacterial Products and Intestinal Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Hannah Elizabeth Da Silva A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master
More informationIs there an anti-inflammatory diet in IBD?
CCFA North Texas Chapter IBD education symposium December 2, 2017, Dallas, TX Is there an anti-inflammatory diet in IBD? Themos Dassopoulos, MD Director, Baylor Scott and White Center for IBD Baylor University
More informationHealth Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber
Health Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber JENNIFER ERICKSON, PhD, RD Objectives Provide some background on dietary fiber To define the term "prebiotic dietary fiber" To discuss potential health effects
More informationReply: Gut microbiota diversity and atopic disease: Does breast-feeding play a role?
Reply: Gut microbiota diversity and atopic disease: Does breast-feeding play a role? Thomas Abrahamsson, Hedvig E. Jakobsson, Anders F. Andersson, Bengt Bjorksten, Lars Engstrand and Maria Jenmalm Linköping
More information6/24/2014. How do you study microbial communities? Outnumbers Cells of the Body 10:1 Outnumber Human Genes 100:1. Michael T. Bailey, Ph.D.
Interactions between Diet and the Intestinal Microbiota: Implications for Obesity The Body is Colonized by an Enormous Array of Bacteria Outnumbers Cells of the Body 10:1 Outnumber Human Genes 100:1 Michael
More informationOBESITY AND THE CONNECTION TO THE GUT
OBESITY AND THE CONNECTION TO THE GUT Weight Loss Most weight loss programs are based on calorie in = calorie out Does not matter how they are dressed up Most of these plans being healthier foods to people
More informationMark Manary MD. International Symposium on Understanding Moderate Malnutrition in Children for Effective Interventions
Possible role of the microbiome in the development of acute malnutrition and implications for food-based strategies to prevent and treat acute malnutrition International Symposium on Understanding Moderate
More informationUnderstanding probiotics and health
Understanding probiotics and health Gemma Laws MSc Student Microbiology and Immunology Department The gut microbiota The name given to the total microbial population living in our intestine Bacteria, fungi,
More informationNew Insights on the Structure of the Human Gut Microbiota. Chaysavanh Manichanh, PhD Vall d Hebron Research Institute Barcelona
New Insights on the Structure of the Human Gut Microbiota Chaysavanh Manichanh, PhD Vall d Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Sessio Societat Catalana Malalties Infecciosas i Microbiologia March 20th,
More informationMICROBIOM AND OBESITY HEINZ GYAKY 2018 BUDAPEST
MICROBIOM AND OBESITY HEINZ GYAKY 2018 BUDAPEST HUMAN MICROBIOM 10 Billion bacterias are building a 1,5 2 kg heavy human microbiom It is located mainly in the human gut There is a intestinal controlled
More informationMales- Western Diet WT KO Age (wks) Females- Western Diet WT KO Age (wks)
Relative Arv1 mrna Adrenal 33.48 +/- 6.2 Skeletal Muscle 22.4 +/- 4.93 Liver 6.41 +/- 1.48 Heart 5.1 +/- 2.3 Brain 4.98 +/- 2.11 Ovary 4.68 +/- 2.21 Kidney 3.98 +/-.39 Lung 2.15 +/-.6 Inguinal Subcutaneous
More informationIndustrialized Food Components and Obesity Risk. Kylie Kavanagh, VMS MS MPH Department of Pathology
Industrialized Food Components and Obesity Risk Kylie Kavanagh, VMS MS MPH Department of Pathology Overview Role of science in policy development Components versus calories Past lessons (trans fat) Present
More informationExploring the link between gut microbiota and metabolic health
Food Matters Live, Nov 21-23 rd, London Exploring the link between gut microbiota and metabolic health Ellen Blaak Professor in Physiology of fat metabolism, Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of
More informationTherapeutic Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with IBD
Therapeutic Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with IBD Karen Madsen, PhD Director of Center of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR) Disclosure of Commercial
More informationHUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA
HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA Patrizia Brigidi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy patrizia.brigididi@unibo.it The Gut-Liver axis: a bidirectional relation in health and disease
More informationDietary Zinc Alters the Microbiota and Decreases Resistance to Clostridium difficile Infection
1 Dietary Zinc Alters the Microbiota and Decreases Resistance to Clostridium difficile Infection 2 3 4 5 Joseph P. Zackular 1, Jessica L. Moore 2,3, Ashley T. Jordan 1, Lillian J. Juttukonda 1, Michael
More informationDiet, genetics and microbes in the global epidemic of modern lifestyle diseases
Diet, genetics and microbes in the global epidemic of modern lifestyle diseases Charles Perkins Centre Andrew Holmes School of Life and Environmental Sciences Lifestyle diseases are multifactorial: This
More informationTeacher Resource for: Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice.
Teacher Resource for: Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice. Table of Contents: I. GENERAL USE OF Science in the Classroom a. Student Learning Goals (general) b.
More informationGut Microbiome Essentials
CORE COMPONENTS I: Gut Microbiome Essentials 2016 Tom Fabian, PhD Module Outline 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know 2. Bacteria: features, functions, communities
More informationDISCUSSION GROUP #5 ISAPP 2014 THE MICROBIOME AND HEALTH: PROMISING ENDPOINTS FOR INTERVENTIONS. Friday, June 20, 2014
DISCUSSION GROUP #5 ISAPP 2014 THE MICROBIOME AND HEALTH: PROMISING ENDPOINTS FOR INTERVENTIONS Friday, June 20, 2014 Chairs: George Fahey, Jens Walter 1 What do we want to achieve? Treatment of disease
More informationSupplementary Information
A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia Kanakaraju Kaliannan, Bin Wang, Xiang-Yong Li, Kui-Jin Kim, Jing X. Kang* Laboratory
More informationa b c Physical appearance of mice Lean mass Adipocyte size d e f
LFD HFD LFD HFD Area under curve (GTT) HFD-VSL#3 LFD HFD Area under curve (ITT) HFD-VSL#3 Liver TG content (% l) HFD-VSL#3 LFD HFD HFD-VSL#3 LFD HFD HFD-VSL#3 LFD HFD HFD + VSL#3 Lean mass (gm) Mean adipocyte
More informationIntestinal Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
1 Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouzaki M 1,2, Comelli EM 3, Arendt BM 2, Bonengel J 2, Fung SK 2,4, Fischer S 2,5, McGilvray ID 2,4, Allard JP 2,3,4 1Department
More informationTitle: Crohn s disease and cystic fibrosis: there is still a lot to learn
Title: Crohn s disease and cystic fibrosis: there is still a lot to learn Authors: Claudio Trigo Salado, Eduardo Leo Carnerero, María Dolores de la Cruz Ramírez DOI: 10.17235/reed.2018.5725/2018 Link:
More informationGROUP 5. Jerrold R. Turner Nathalie Delzenne Wenke Feng Reuben Wong Thierry Piche Yehuda Ringel Irina Kirpich Brant Johnson
GROUP 5 Jerrold R. Turner Nathalie Delzenne Wenke Feng Reuben Wong Thierry Piche Yehuda Ringel Irina Kirpich Brant Johnson Todd Klaenhammer Eamonn Quigley A. The Intestinal Epithelial Cell Barrier B. IEC
More information2/3/2011. Adhesion of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 to human intestinal
PROBIOTICS LEARNING THE WHY AND WHEN PROBIOTICS DEFINITION live micro-organisms organisms that are beneficial to the host organism WHO: Live organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer
More informationWhy Obese People are Unable to Keep Weight Off After Losing It
Why Obese People are Unable to Keep Weight Off After Losing It Robert E. Ratner, MD Chief Scientific and Medical Officer American Diabetes Association I have no Pertinent Financial Disclosures Change in
More informationTEST PATIENT. Date of Birth : 12-Jan-1999 Sex : M Collected : 25-Oct TEST DRIVE. Lab id :
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2 MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Stool Colour Brown Brown Colour - Brown is the colour of normal stool. Other colours may indicate abnormal GIT conditions. Stool Form
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information Structural modification of natural product ganomycin I leading to discovery of a potent α-glucosidase and HMG-CoA reductase dual inhibitor improving obesity and metabolic dysfunction
More informationAntibiotic Resistance and Probiotics - A Metagenomic Viewpoint
Antibiotic Resistance and Probiotics - A Metagenomic Viewpoint Neerja Hajela, PhD General Manager-Science & Regulatory Affairs Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd. Outline of the Presentation Global Epidemiology
More information*corresponding author; Tel: 1 (403)
Supplementary Information for Manuscript: Diet-induced changes in maternal gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles influence programming of offspring obesity risk in rats Authors: Heather A. Paul, Marc
More informationSupplemental Information. Intermittent Fasting Promotes. White Adipose Browning and Decreases Obesity. by Shaping the Gut Microbiota
Cell Metabolism, Volume 26 Supplemental Information Intermittent Fasting Promotes White Adipose Browning and Decreases Obesity by Shaping the Gut Microbiota Guolin Li, Cen Xie, Siyu Lu, Robert G. Nichols,
More informationBeyond the Scope: An Integrative Gastroenterologist s Approach to Digestive Disorders
Beyond the Scope: An Integrative Gastroenterologist s Approach to Digestive Disorders Robynne Chutkan, MD, FASGE Digestive Center for Wellness, LLC MedStar Georgetown University Hospital The real voyage
More informationCultural and Biological Factors That May Underlie Obesity Disparities. Stephen J D O Keefe University of Pittsburgh
Cultural and Biological Factors That May Underlie Obesity Disparities Stephen J D O Keefe University of Pittsburgh Prevalence Highest in the Micronesian island of Nauru: 85% for males, 93% for females
More informationBeyond the Scope: The Microbiome & The Future of Gastroenterology
Beyond the Scope: The Microbiome & The Future of Gastroenterology Robynne Chutkan, MD, FASGE Digestive Center for Wellness, LLC MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Rapid Identification of Microbes
More informationTHE ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN IBD
Disclosures THE ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN IBD Janssen UCB No relevance to the talk Subra Kugathasan, MD Professor of Pediatrics & Human Genetics Marcus Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology Emory University
More informationMicrobiome as Predictor of Benefit and Toxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy
Microbiome as Predictor of Benefit and Toxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy Giuliana Magri, Ph.D Optimizing Immunotherapy New Approaches, Biomarkers, Sequences and Combinations PRBB Auditorium, Barcelona October
More informationObesity. The World Health Organisation state that in 2014 more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight and of those 600 million were obese (1).
Obesity Indications Overweight and obesity is a global problem and is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health (1). Even though this is a preventable disease, prevalence
More informationTransgenic Mice Convert Carbohydrates to Essential Fatty Acids
Transgenic Mice Convert Carbohydrates to Essential Fatty Acids The Harvard counity has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Published
More informationBacteriology. Mycology. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: Rare. Rare. Positive. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: 3.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 1.2 0.2-3.3 mg/g 2.2 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 1.1 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.1 0.2-3.5 mg/g Rare 1.0 0.2-8.8 mg/g Rare 4.4 2.6-32.4 mg/g 64.6 >= 13.6 micromol/g Bacteriology
More informationBringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute
Bringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute Jennifer T. Smilowitz, PhD Associate Director, Human Studies Research jensm@ucdavis.edu
More informationImproving Access to Quality Medical Care Webinar Series
Improving Access to Quality Medical Care Webinar Series Presented by The Arizona Telemedicine Program and the Southwest Telehealth Resource Center 2015 UA Board of Regents Welcome AZ, UT, CO, NM & NV FLEX
More informationAccepted Manuscript. Prebiotics Versus Low Fodmap Diet: An Interpretative Nightmare. Jane Varney, Jane G. Muir, Peter R. Gibson
Accepted Manuscript Prebiotics Versus Low Fodmap Diet: An Interpretative Nightmare Jane Varney, Jane G. Muir, Peter R. Gibson PII: S0016-5085(18)35389-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.060
More informationModulation of gut microflora by prebiotics : a new approach in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
6th meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics London Ontario, Canada November 2008 Modulation of gut microflora by prebiotics : a new approach in the treatment of
More informationLaboratory report. Test: Leaky gut test. Sample material: stool. John Doe Main St 1 Anytown
1 / 5 Verisana LAB John Doe Main St 1 Anytown Surname, First name Doe, John DOB 02/13/1980 Sex male Laboratory # 20020181 Date collected 01/25/2018 Date received 02/01/2018 Report date 02/13/2018 Laboratory
More informationFIBER HEALTH BENEFITS
FIBER FIBER HEALTH BENEFITS Normal Laxation: Increase stool weight from fiber, water retained by fiber and bacterial mass Eases defecation and prevents or relieves constipation Cereal fibers are best;
More informationWhat is the evidence that dietary components can act on the microbiome and influence health?
What is the evidence that dietary components can act on the microbiome and influence health? Kristin Verbeke Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Diet? health
More informationOKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY FINAL REPORT. Title of Study: Understanding how mango affects glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY FINAL REPORT Title of Study: Understanding how mango affects glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes Principal Investigator: Dr. Edralin A. Lucas Nutritional Sciences Department
More informationThe human gut microbiome - role of gut microbiota in health and disease
The human gut microbiome - role of gut microbiota in health and disease Fredrik Bäckhed Wallenberg Laboratory Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Gothenburg Incidence of infectious
More informationMicrobial Adaptations of the Microbiome. Damian R. Plichta, PhD Director of Bioinformatics
Microbial Adaptations of the Microbiome Damian R. Plichta, PhD Director of Bioinformatics Tailored shotgun metagenomics Microbiome model for biomarker discovery microbiome incoming species conditional
More informationFaecalibacterium prausnitzii
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients PNAS 105(43): 16731-16736, 2008. Speaker: Ming-Cheng Chen Advisor:
More information4/17/2019 DISCLOSURES OBJECTIVES GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW. Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services. There are no disclosures
GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services DISCLOSURES There are no disclosures OBJECTIVES Definitions: GI microbiota, GI microbiome, probiotic, prebiotic
More information