Oleon Head Office Oleon nv Sandefjord Oleon R&D Compiègne Methods of Analysis Oleon Sales Offices Oleon Plants Ertvelde Oelegem Emmerich Port Klang

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1 PERSONAL CARE

2 Starting from natural, renewable raw materials, Oleon manufactures a broad range of natural chemicals with varying characteristics to fit many application needs and most demanding requirements. We offer renewable, environmental friendly, and biodegradable ingredients for your processes: Oleon, a natural chemistry! Oleon is the leading company in Europe for the production of chemicals based on nature s oils and fats. Oleon manages to find that thin balance between technical performance and environmental awareness: our products meet the most stringent market requirements and comply as well with the latest environmental legislation due to the biodegradability and renewability of its raw materials: vegetable oils and animal fats. Oleon brings you the green chemistry of the future, today. COSMETICS Personal Care Since January 2009 Oleon nv belongs to Sofiprotéol, the financial organization of the French vegetable oils and proteins sector. By this operation, Oleon has joined a group present on the entire oilseeds sector from grain to all its end products and strongly engaged in the development of oleochemistry. It also reinforces the strategy of diversification and international development implemented by Oleon to strengthen its position among European leaders on the global oleochemical market. Oleon converts renewable raw materials into 500,000 tons of fatty acids, esters, glycerine, dimers and other specialties. Those products combine high technical and environmental properties and are used by industrial companies in applications such as lubricants, detergents, cosmetics and hygienic products, coatings and paints.

3 1 trade name products raw materials Oleon production sites safety quality environment Radia and Nouracid - fatty acids - glycerine - esters - dimer acids - technical oils - ketones - biodiesel - specialty oleochemicals - vegetable oils (oil of palm, sunflower, coconut, ) All our raw materials are non-toxic and biodegradable Oleon Ertvelde, Belgium (also head office) glycerine, fatty alcohols, biodiesel, R&D Oleon Oelegem, Belgium fatty esters, dimer acids, R&D Oleon Emmerich, Germany specialty fatty acids, ketones, technical oils, vitas, R&D Oleon Sandefjord, Norway fatty esters Oleon Port Klang, Malaysia fatty esters Oleon Compiègne, France fatty esters, glycerine, R&D We at Oleon pledge to conduct our activities and products in a manner that safeguards the environment, the health and safety of our personnel, local communities, consumers and the general public. To ensure environmental control, the production is iso14001 certified. An Internal Safety Management system based on the principles of isrs and ohsas18001 ensures the health and safety of our personnel and the surrounding public. To guarantee the quality and consistency of Oleon products and services, the quality assurance system iso9001 is implemented and certified throughout the whole organization. Information contained in this publication is true and accurate to the best of our knowledge. The noal values stated herein are obtained using laboratory test specimens. Oleon nv and its affiliated companies do not accept any liability whatsoever arising from the use of this information or the use, application or processing of any product described herein. No information contained in this publication can be considered as a suggestion to infring patents. The Company disclaims any liability that may be claimed for infringement or alleged infringement

4 Table of contents 3 General information 6 Overview Radia products for personal care 10 Glycerine 12 Radiacid fatty acids 16 Radia emollients 18 Radia pearlescent - bodying agents 22 Radia emulsifiers 24 Radia stabilizers 26 Radianol isostearic acid and derivatives 28 Product properties and applications 30 Composition of natural fats and oils 32 Alphabetical list by INCI names

5 Radia oleochemicals General Information 3 Oleochemicals are derived from a naturally renewable resource: natural fats and oils. Oleochemistry splits these raw materials to obtain their constituents, glycerine and fatty acids, and then recombines them with other molecules or with each other. Oleochemistry uses the biodegradable, non-toxic and non-irritant properties of natural fats and oils to produce a wide range of chemicals. The production of Radia and Nouracid oleochemicals is an integrated operation from fatty acids and glycerine to oleochemical derivatives, specialty and performance chemicals. Traditionally, most end uses of oleochemicals have resulted from their lack of toxicity and from the low skin and eye irritation displayed by the hydrocarbon chains present in natural fatty materials. Today, governments and industry are increasingly aware of the combination of efficiency and environmental compatibility offered by oleochemicals. In recent years Oleon Research has developed many new environmentally friendly oleochemicals, such as a biodegradable drilling mud fluid, a lubricant for water-based drilling muds, base oils for biodegradable lubricants, deinking chemicals and non-voc solvents. fatty acids Oleon, the leader on the European oleochemical scene, markets a wide range of fatty acids. Radiacid and Nouracid fatty acids are derived from animal fats and oils such as beef tallow and from vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut and palm kernel oils, palm oil, etc. Radiacid and Nouracid fatty acids are produced by Oleon in its plant at Ertvelde near Ghent, Belgium (which went into production in 1958), and its Kosher and HALAL certified plant in Emmerich, Germany (in production since 1908). Over the years these plants have grown to their present status: not only one of the biggest but also one of the most modern and efficient oleochemical plants worldwide. In Ertvelde fatty acids and glycerine are produced. In the Emmerich plant the production of specialty fatty acids takes place, along with ketones, technical oils and vitas. natural glycerine The applications of natural glycerine are based on a unique combination of properties: it is a tasteless and odorless hygroscopic, non-toxic and non-irritant viscous liquid with a plasticizing and lubricating activity, and it contains three free hydroxyl groups, supplying chemical reactivity. fatty esters The performance-directed esterification or transesterification of our own fatty acids, fatty alcohols, hydrogenated triglycerides and glycerine with other acids and alcohols leads to a wide range of oily, fatty or waxy substances, each with its own specific physical and chemical properties. Almost all fatty esters display the inherent advantages of their raw materials, natural fats and oils: they are non-toxic, non-irritating and biodegradable. The number of possible fatty esters is virtually unlimited. So are the combinations of functions they can perform.

6 RADIA OLEOCHEMICALS FOR PERSONAL CARE Radia Oleochemicals are non-toxic, non-irritating and fully biodegradable products supplied by natural vegetable oils such as palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, Oleon proposes a wide range of raw materials for personal care products and topical preparations. Radia Oleochemicals meet the requirements of this high quality demanding market:they are from vegetable origin, they are odorless and show great sensorial properties. The major Radia Oleochemicals for these applications are presented in this brochure according to their main functions. The following list is not exhaustive. We invite you to contact us for more details.

7 SAFE FOR HUMANKIND AND FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (The environment and humankind: Oleon takes care of everything) 5 All fatty esters presented in this brochure display the inherent advantages of their feedstock, natural fats and oils: non-toxic, non-irritating, biodegradable and environmentally friendly in general. Oleon encourages its customers and potential customers of Radia oleochemicals to give proper regard to human health and environmental quality. Material Safety, Hygiene and Environmental data sheets are available on request for all products. The W.G.K. (Wassergefährdungsklasse) of all fatty esters in this brochure is between 0 and 1. Table A / 100 % Biodegradability (cecl 33-a-93) Weeks Rapeseed oil Radia Mineral oil, neutral White oil VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL ORIGIN The fatty acids that are used to produce these fatty esters are vegetable or animal fats and oils (triglycerides). The composition of these fatty acids is either the natural composition of the triglycerides or a technical cut. For some grades a pure fatty acid is required. The origin of the beef tallow and the production process used guarantee that our final products satisfy the European BSE-legislation. The presence of GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) is linked to the use of fatty acids of soybean or corn. These fatty acids are not used in the range presented here. STANDARD AVAILABILITY & PACKAGING Given the wide range of esters and our policy of continuous development, it is almost impossible to guarantee the availability in stock of all esters at all times. If a product is required that is not currently available, our sales organization will inform you and reach an agreement that takes the imum batch size of the relevant esterification unit into account. Bulk, as liquids at. 15 C above cloud point or melting point. Liquids: 175 kg net drums or containers of ca liters. Flakes or powder: 25 kg net bags on 1000 kg pallets or in 500 kg net big bags.

8 RADIA Application overview Table 1 / application overview TRADE NAME INCI NAME ORIGIN VEGETABLE PHYSICAL FORM Radia 7752 Butyl stearate paste Radia 7101 Caprylic / Capric triglyceride (70/30) liquid Radia 7104 Caprylic / Capric triglyceride (60/40) liquid Radia 7500 Cetyl palmitate flakes Radia 7336 Decyl oleate liquid Radia 7722 Ethylhexyl cocoate liquid Radia 7779 Ethylhexyl palmitate liquid Radia 7772 Ethylhexyl stearate liquid Radiasurf 7908 Glyceryl laurate (90%) paste Radiasurf 7143 Glyceryl stearate flakes Radiasurf 7343 Glyceryl stearate (40%, EP type I) flakes Radiasurf 7142 Glyceryl stearate (60%) flakes Radiamuls 2643 Glyceryl stearate (60%) flakes Radiamuls 2932 Glyceryl stearate citrate SE powder Radiamuls 2950 Glyceryl stearate lactate powder Radiasurf 7141 Glyceryl stearate SE flakes Radia 7268 Glycol distearate flakes Radiasurf 7270 Glycol stearate flakes Radia 7750 Isoamyl laurate liquid Radia 7739 Isopropyl isostearate liquid Radia 7730 Isopropyl myristate liquid Radia 7732 Isopropyl palmitate liquid Radia 0909 Isostearic acid liquid Radia 0908 Isostearic acid liquid Radia 1980 Isostearyl alcohol liquid Radia 7687 Neopentyl glycol diisostearate liquid Radiasurf 7403 PEG-8 oleate liquid Radiasurf 7473 PEG-10 stearate liquid Radiasurf 7454 PEG-12 distearate liquid Radiasurf 7318 PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate liquid Radialube 7181 Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate liquid Radiamuls Poly 2248 Polyglyceryl-3 stearate flakes Radiamuls Poly 2253 Polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate liquid Radiasurf 7137 Polysorbate 20 liquid Radiasurf 7147 Polysorbate 60 liquid Radiamuls 2157 Polysorbate 80 liquid Radia 7208 Propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate liquid Radiamuls SL2990 Sodium stearoyl lactylate powder Radiasurf 7758 Sorbitan isostearate liquid Radiasurf 7125 Sorbitan laurate paste Radiamuls 2155 Sorbitan oleate liquid Radiasurf 7145 Sorbitan stearate flakes Radiasurf 7755 Sorbitan trioleate liquid Radia 7373 Triisostearin liquid Radia 7380 Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate liquid Radia 7363 Triolein liquid

9 7 FUNCTION SKIN CARE HAIR CARE TOILETRIES COLOR COSMETICS cleansing agent coemulsifier o/w emulsifier o/w emulsifier w/o dispersant solubilizer consistency agent emollient opacifier solvent facial body baby care sun shampoos conditioners bath & baby oils bath & shower products antiperspirants & deodorants oral care shaving facial make-up lip products nail products eye products perfumes & fragrances

10 Personal care

11 9

12 GLYCERINe The ability to hold and attract water, the humectancy, of glycerine is stronger than that of a polyol such as sorbitol. It contributes to the stability of the products and supplements the skin s water content. Glycerine is miscible with water and alcohol. It is a solvent for lower alcohols, glycols, a partial solvent for low molecular weight esters and ethers and it is insoluble in oils and higher alcohols. Among the various other properties related to the hygroscopicity and solubilization characteristics of glycerine are: plasticizing, binding and the enhancement of smoothness and gloss. Glycerine can also act as a preservative, as a barrier for oily materials, as a fixative for perfumes and as a carrier of pigments and other ingredients. Many personal care products contain glycerine: all types of barrier and protective creams, cleansing lotions, shaving lotions; liposome formulations; barrier and protective gels, clear gels and sticks; nail hardeners, cuticle removers; toothpaste, mouth wash; eye shadows, face powders, make-up creams; transparent cleansing compounds; clear toilet soaps; perfumes; etc. Our pharmaceutical and chemically pure glycerines meet the requirements of the U.S. and European Pharmacopoeia. Table 2 / typical values of pharmaceutical and chemically pure glycerines Code number Type Glycerol content by refractive index, % Water (Karl Fischer),% Color Apha (Hazen) Refractive index at 20 C Relative density at 20 C 4813 mixed mixed mixed vegetable vegetable kosher vegetable

13 11 Acidity/ Alkalinity, meq/100 g Esters, ml 0.1 M HCl Sulphated Ash, % Chloride (CI), ppm Halogenated compounds, ppm Heavy metals, ppm Aldehydes, ppm Impurity and related substances conform conform conform conform conform conform

14 RADIACID FATTY ACIDS Radiacid fatty acids are emollients, bodying agents, stabilizers and binders. Their main application however is the production of soaps: luxury soaps, shaving sticks and emulsifying soaps. Table 3 / fatty acids TRADE NAME ACID VALUE, mg KOH/g IODINE VALUE, g I 2 /100g TITRE, C CLOUD POINT, C Yellow LOVIBOND COLOR, 5 1/4" Red Behenic acid Radiacid < 2 > Coconut acids Radiacid Radiacid Radiacid Radiacid < Radiacid < Oleic acids Radiacid Radiacid < Radiacid < Radiacid <10 APHA 60 Stearic acids Radiacid < Radiacid < Radiacid < Radiacid < Radiacid < Radiacid < Isostearic acid Radiacid Apha 100 Radiacid Apha 100

15 Emulsions Monovalent fatty acid soaps form oil-in-water emulsions. High-melting stearic acids are used in emulsions with bodying properties for body milks, hydrating creams, protective creams, etc. Soaps of oleic acid yield more fluid emulsions, which modify the viscosity of stearic soap based cream. Soaps Stearic acids are products of choice for the manufacture of luxury soaps and shaving sticks or foams. Oleic acids are recommended to produce liquid pump soaps. Coconut acids are outstanding foamers, used in shaving foams and aerosols. The foam they produce is extremely soft and offers great ease of expulsion. 13 SATURATED FATTY ACIDS UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS C6-10 C12 C14 C16 C18 C20 C22 C16-1 C18-1 C18-2 C18-3 > 85 < 1, < < < < <3 <5 < <3 < <4 <4 <5 <2 <1 > 70 <16 <1 >90 >92 < < <2 < <1 < <2 < < branched chains 71 cyclis chains branched chains 75.5 cyclis chains 14

16 Fatty acids

17 15

18 RADIA EMOLLIENTS Table 4 / emollients TRADE NAME INCI NAME PHYSICAL FORM FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, % ACID VALUE, mg KOH/g Radia 7752 Butyl stearate paste < 0.5 Radia 7104 Caprylic / capric triglycerides liquid C8/C10 60/40 < 0.2 Radia 7101 Caprylic / capric triglycerides liquid C8/C10 70/30 < 0.2 Radia 7336 Decyl oleate liquid < 1 Radia 7722 Ethylhexyl cocoate liquid < 1 Radia 7779 Ethylhexyl palmitate liquid < 1 Radia 7772 Ethylhexyl stearate liquid < 1 Radia 7750 Isoamyl laurate liquid C12 > 97 < 1 Radia 7730 Isopropyl myristate liquid C 14 > 98 < 1 Radia 7732 Isopropyl palmitate liquid C16 > 92 < 1 Radia 7178 Pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate / tetracaprate liquid < 0.5 Radia 7181 Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate liquid < 1 Radia 7208 Propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate liquid < 0.2 Radiamuls 2375 Triheptanoin liquid < 0.3 Radia 7363 Triolein liquid C18: < 2 Radia 7373 Triisostearin liquid < 2

19 The most popular method of achieving moisturization is the use of humectants and emollients. Emollients form a semi-occlusive film on the skin and make the skin feel soft and smooth. They often reduce TEWL (transepidermal water loss) which tends to increase the water content of the stratum corneum. Radia esters presented in the table below are excellent emollients and solvents. They will confer a light and non-fatty texture to creams and lotions. Partial or total replacement of vegetable or eral oils by these esters will reduce the perceived greasiness and improves the stability of cosmetics formulations. Radia esters are very compatible and can be used in most type of products requiring emolliency: creams, lotions, bath oils, sun oils, hair conditioners, shaving creams, make-up preparations, 17 IODINE VALUE, g l 2 /100g METHOD COLOR VALUE POUR POINT, C CLOUD POINT, C VISCOSITY AT 40 C, mm 2 /s < 1 APHA < < 1 APHA < 50 < < 1 APHA < 70 < APHA < 200 < < 10 APHA < 100 < < 1 APHA < 50 < < 1 APHA < 50 < < 1 APHA < 70 < < 1 APHA < 25-3 < < 1 APHA < 30 < 13 6 < 1 APHA < < 10 Gardner < 8 < < 0.5 APHA < 100 < -20 < 1 Lovibond 5 1/4" 40Y-4R < -30 < Lovibond 5 1/4" < 50 < < 8 Gardner < ,8

20 RADIA PEARLESCENT BODYING AGENTS Table 5 / pearlescent agent - bodying agents TRADE NAME INCI NAME PHYSICAL FORM ACID VALUE, mg KOH/g Radia 7500 Cetyl palmitate flakes, powder < 1.5 Radia 7268 Glycol distearate flakes, powder < 3.5 Radia 7270 Glycol stearate flakes < 2.5 Radia 7515 Tribehenin waxy solid <2 Radia 7181 Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate liquid < 0.5 Radia 7176 Pentaerythrityl tetrastearate flakes, powder < 3 Radiasurf 7201 Propylene glycol monostearate flakes, powder < 3 Radia 7501 Stearyl stearate flakes, powder < 1.5

21 Pearlescent agents such as Radia 7268 and Radiasurf 7201 are highly recommended to give a creamy appearance and a pearlizing effect to shampoos, shower and bath products. Radiasurf 7201 can act also as auxiliary emulsifier and bodying agent for creams and lotions. Other high melting point esters presented in the table below are synthetic waxes. They are emollients, film formers, consistency agents, texture promotors for emulsions and make-up preparations such as lipsticks, mascaras, compact powders 19 IODINE VALUE, g l 2 /100g METHOD COLOR VALUE MELTING POINT, C < 2 Lovibond 1" 5Y-0,6R < 1 Lovibond 5 1/4" 15Y-3R < 3 Lovibond 5 1/4" 17Y-2.7R <3 Lovibond 1" 15Y-3R >56 < 10 Gardner < 3 < 1 Lovibond 1" 5Y-1.5R < 1 Gardner < < 1 Lovibond 1" 5Y-1R 55-59

22 Opacifiers

23 21

24 RADIA EMULSIFIERS Table 6 / emulsifiers TRADE NAME INCI NAME PHYSICAL FORM HLB ACID VALUE, mg KOH/g IODINE VALUE, g l 2 /100g Anionic emulsifiers Radiasurf 7141 Glyceryl stearate SE (self-emulsifying) flakes, powder 5.5 < 3 <3 Radiamuls 2932 Glyceryl stearate citrate SE flakes, powder <3 Radiamuls 2990 Sodium stearoyl lactylate flakes, powder < 3 Nonionic emulsifiers Radiasurf 7125 Sorbitan laurate paste 7.6 < 6 < 10 Radiasurf 7145 Sorbitan stearate flakes, powder 5.0 < 7 < 1 Radiamuls 2155 Sorbitan oleate liquid 4.7 < Radiasurf 7758 Sorbitan isostearate liquid 4.7 < 8 < 6 Radiasurf 7755 Sorbitan trioleate liquid 2.7 < Radiasurf 7137 Polysorbate 20 liquid 16.5 < 2 < 3 Radiasurf 7147 Polysorbate 60 paste 15.5 < 2 < 1 Radiamuls 2157 Polysorbate 80 liquid 14.9 < Radiasurf 7402 PEG-4 oleate liquid 7.4 < Radiasurf 7447 PEG-8 diisostearate liquid 9,5 < 5 < 4 Radiasurf 7443 PEG-8 dioleate liquid 7.4 < Radiasurf 7445 PEG-8 diricinoleate liquid < Radiasurf 7423 PEG-8 laurate liquid 12.8 < 3 < 1 Radiasurf 7403 PEG-8 oleate liquid 11.5 < Radiasurf 7473 PEG-8 stearate paste 11.1 < 3 < 1 Radiasurf 7444 PEG-12 dioleate liquid 9.9 < Radiasurf 7454 PEG-12 distearate paste 10.6 < 5 <1 Radiasurf 7404 PEG-12 oleate liquid 13.2 < Radiamuls 2248 Polyglyceryl-3 stearate flakes, powder 9 < 2 < 2 Radiamuls 2253 Polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate liquid 4 <

25 Radia emulsifiers belong to the anionic and non-ionic surfactant classes. Anionic emulsifiers presented below are outstanding candidates for natural formulations. They are primary o/w emulsifiers recommended for all types of skin care preparations. Selection of the suitable emulsifier can be oriented by the HLB system which represents the hydrophilic and lipophilic tendencies of the surfactant. HLB values will depend on the ratio of these properties. These values vary from 0 to 20. Radia emulsifiers with low HLB, such as sorbitan esters, will behave as w/o emulsifiers. On the opposite, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, polysorbates, will behave as o/w emulsifiers. In general, emulsifier systems show better results than single emulsifiers. Resulting HLB of the blend can be calculated from the sum of the emulsifier percentages involved. As an example, sorbitan esters will be added to polysorbate based o/w emulsions to stabilize creams and lotions. 23 PEG esters result from the esterification of polyethylene glycols with fatty acids. The processing conditions and the raw materials selected allow to obtain emulsifiers with a wide range of HLB values. Besides their emulsifying properties, PEG-10 dioleate, as an example, will be used in bath oils to help forg a continuous film on the water; PEG-10 stearate in cream shampoos to lend opacity and body, Polyglycerol esters are recommended as w/o emulsifiers. Method color Value POUR POINT, C CLOUD POINT, C MELTING POINT, C VISCOSITY AT 40 C, mm 2 /s Lovibond 1" 5Y-1R Lovibond 1" 6Y-2R 59 Lovibond 1" 30Y-6R Gardner < Gardner < Gardner < Gardner <6 Gardner < Gardner < Gardner < Gardner < Lovibond 1" 10Y-2R -9 < Lovibond 1" 10Y-2.5R < 10 Lovibond 1" 10Y-1.5R -3 < 0 49 Gardner < APHA < Lovibond 1" 10Y-2.5R -3 < 6 49 Lovibond 1" 5Y-0.6R Lovibond 1" 10Y-1.5R < Lovibond 1" 5Y-0.6R Lovibond 1" 10Y-2.5R 18 < Gardner < Gardner < 8

26 RADIA stabilizers Radiasurf and Radiamuls monoglycerides are auxiliary emulsifiers in many creams and lotions. They increase product stability and prevent coalescence and creag. They also impart body, opacity, emolliency, smoothness to w/o and o/w emulsions. Radiamuls 2901 is a more powerful w/o emulsifier than the other monoglycerides. Radiamuls 2902 and Radiasurf 7318 will act as superfatting agents in shower and bath products. Table 7 / stabilizers TRADE NAME INCI NAME PHYSICAL FORM HLB ACID VALUE, mg KOH/g Radiasurf 7146 Glyceryl hydroxystearate flakes, powder <3 Radiasurf 7908 Glyceryl laurate (90%) flakes, powder 5,2 < 1 Radiamuls 2150 Glyceryl oleate (40%) liquid 2.7 < 3 Radiamuls 2902 Glyceryl oleate (90%) liquid 3.5 < 4 Radiasurf 7143 Glyceryl stearate (40%, EP type I) flakes, powder 3 < 2 Radiasurf 7343 Glyceryl stearate (40%, EP type II) flakes, powder 3 < 3 Radiasurf 7142 Glyceryl stearate (60%) flakes, powder 3.2 < 2 Radiamuls 2643 Glyceryl stearate (60%) flakes, powder 3.3 < 1 Radiamuls 2910K Glyceryl stearate (90%) powder 4.8 < 3 Radiamuls 2931 Glyceryl stearate citrate flakes, powder Radiamuls 2950 Glyceryl stearate lactate flakes, powder < 5 Radiasurf 7318 PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate liquid 11 < 1 Radiasurf 7174 Pentaerythrityl stearate flakes, powder 2.3 < 2

27 25 IODINE VALUE, g l 2 /100g METHOD COLOR VALUE CLOUD POINT, C MELTING POINT, C VISCOSITY AT 40 C, mm 2 /s < 5 Lovibond 1 10Y-2.5R < 1 Lovibond 1 15Y-1R Lovibond 1" 15Y-3R < Lovibond 1" 5Y-1R < 2 Lovibond 5 1/4" 15Y-2.5R < 3 Lovibond 5 1/4" 15Y-2.5R < 2 Lovibond 1" 15Y-2.5R 58 < 2 Lovibond 1" 5Y-1R < 3 Lovibond 1" 5Y-1R < 1 Lovibond 1" 5Y-1.5R < 2 Lovibond 1" 10Y-2.5R < 5 APHA 80 < 0 < 1 Lovibond 1" 5Y-1R 50-54

28 RADIA ISOSTEARIC ACID & DERIVATIVES Table 9 / isostearic acid and derivatives TRADE NAME INCI NAME interfacial tension (vs water@rt), mn/m Dynamic 25 C, (mpas) Emollients Radia 0908 Isostearic acid Radia 0909 Isostearic acid Radia 1980 Isostearyl alcohol Radia 7181 Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate Radia 7373 Triisostearin Radia 7380 Trimethylolpropane triisostearate Radia 7739 Isopropyl isostearate Radia 7687 Neopentyl glycol diisostearate 94 TRADE NAME INCI NAME HLB Dynamic 25 C, (mpas) Surfactants Radia 7758 Sorbitan isostearate 4.3 Radia 7447 PEG-8 isostearate 9.5 Radia 7373 Triisostearin 3,5 167

29 Isostearic acid is derived from natural oils and differentiated from many other branched fatty acids by its methyl-branching. These kind of methyl-branched fatty acids and alcohols are often found in nature as protection for aquatic birds whom use these waxes to keep the feathers in optimal condition and be protected against climatic conditions. The branched isostearic esters are known as liquid lipids and are widely used in cosmetic and personal wash applications where they provide good spreading, non-tacky and pleasant skin feel. An important advantage of using the isostearic acid and derivatives over the corresponding oleic acid and derivatives is the low iodine value, due to the absence of the unsaturation. This guarantees oxidative stability and thus the usage in eg perfume and preservative free systems without concern for rancidity. 27 applications properties Moisturising creams and lotions, shaving creams, antipersperant, deo, baby care, bath foam, make up. Rich emollient, lubricating, emulsifier, thickener, dispersing medium for active ingredients and pigment. Moisturising creams and lotions, facial cleanser, sun care, antipersperant, deo, baby care, bath oil. Light emollient, good spreadibility, good absorption, carrier, solubilizer, dispersing medium for active ingredients and pigments. Moisturising creams and lotions, sun care, protective creams, shaving creams, baby care, bath oil, make up and lipsticks. Rich emollient, water resistant, good lubrication, film forg, hardly any migration, excellent dispersing medium for Tio2/ZnO pigments, substantive. Recommended for high solids systems. Provides a high gloss film, which resists rub-off and helps reduce drag on application. Moisturising creams and lotions, sun care, protective creams, baby care, bath oil, make up, eye make-up, night care, hydro-alcohol formulations, liquid personal wash, shaving creams. Rich non tacky emollient, can also be added as very substantive emollient. Refattening emollient. Moisturising creams and lotions, sun care, hair care, protective creams, shaving creams, baby care, bath oil, make up. Rich emollient, eral oil replacer, delivers shine, plasticizer properties in hair care, good spreadibility, water resistance, good lubrication, film forg, occlusivity. Moisturising creams and lotions, sun care, protective creams, shaving creams, antipersperant, deo, baby care, bath oil, make up. Light emollient, good spreadibility, reduction of tackiness, good absorption. Good dispersing medium, low greasy, low amount of residue. Reduces the overall tackiness and greasiness. Low occlusive emollient. Moisturising creams and lotions, sun care, protective creams, shaving creams, baby care, make up. Skin conditioning agent, occlusivity, viscosity increasing agent. applications properties W/O emulsifier for protective, baby care and general purpose emollient creams. Decorative, suncare products. A saturated branched chain ester is oxidation stable, stable in colour and odour, emulsifier, wetting and dispersing agent. O/W emulsifier for skin care, toiletries and decorative cosmetics. O/W emulsifier, wetting and dispersing agent. Co-emulsifier in O/W emulsions and as emulsifier for W/O emulsions Emulsifier due to HLB = 3,5. As co-emulsifier in O/W emulsions and as emulsifier for W/O emulsions, recommended for cold process.

30 Table 10 / Product properties and applications INCI NAME TRADE NAME PRODUCT PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS Behenic acid Radiacid 0560 Butyl stearate Radia 7752 Used for their emulsification, foag, wetting and gelling properties. Free acids are used as pearlescing and solidifying agents. Plasticiser in nail varnish and styling aids. Solvent for lipophylic actives and dyestuffs. Superfatting agent. Used in skincare, lipsticks, nailvarnishes and removers, hairsprays and other styling aids. Caprylic / capric triglycerides Radia 7104 MCT, moisturising, soft skinfeel, excellent spreading properties. Forg a skin barrier gives less loss of water, stable, no odour, no colour, solubility, no irritations, good for eye products, replacement eral oil, non fatting, non occlusive, soft good solvent, good dispersing medium. Lipstick, make-up, foundations, blushers, Caprylic / capric triglycerides Radia 7101 perfumes, moisturisers, and many others. Cetyl palmitate Radia 7500 Adjusting agent for consistency of creams and hair treatments. Pearlescing agent. Decyl oleate Radia 7336 Ethylhexyl cocoate Radia 7722 Soft fatting, non-occlusive, conditioning feel. Lubricant, castor oil alternative, alternative for veg.oils. Pigments dispersability. Reduce tackiness and lighten the feeling of heavier emollients. Dry non-greasy. Non-occlusive, branched chain, fine emollient. Easy spreading, non-occlusive, reducing tackiness and oilfeel of cosmetic preparations. Glyceryl hydroxystearate Radiasurf 7146 Ethylhexyl palmitate Radia 7779 Ethylhexyl stearate Radia 7772 Glyceryl laurate (50%) Radia 2140 Glyceryl laurate (90%) Radia 7908 Excellent moisturiser with low comedogenicity. Branched chain, light non-greasy oil. Easy spreading, non-occlusive soft emollient, replacer of eral oil. Highly recommended for suncare as pigment wetter and dispersant agent, velvety structure on ther skin after spreading. Branched chain non-occlusive emollient. Easy spreading, soft,replacer of eral oil, more oily and heavier then IPM and IPP. Excellent superfatting agent in detergent systems and soaps. Enhances hair sheen. Bath oils, skin cleansers, shampoos and conditioners. GML provide a strong self-preservation activity. GML promote the penetration of actives through the skin. GML create excellent stability in emulsions as surfactant. Glyceryl oleate (40%) Radiamuls 2150 Emulsifier in W/O emulsions and co-emulsifier in O/W emulsions Glyceryl oleate (90%) Radiamuls 2902 Glyceryl stearate (40% EP type I) Radiasurf 7143 Glyceryl stearate (40%, EP type II) Radiasurf 7343 Glyceryl stearate (60%) Radiamuls 2643 O/W emulsifier. Pearlescing agent. Glyceryl stearate (60%) Radiasurf 7142 Glyceryl stearate (90%) Radiamuls 2901 Glyceryl stearate citrate Radiamuls 2931 Glyceryl stearate citrate SE Radiamuls 2932 Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is a PEG-free emulsifier and is especially useful for the prevention of phototoxical effects in sun care products and in products which are exposed to sunlight. The high melting point leads to extra thermo-stable products. Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is a PEG-free emulsifier and is especially useful for the prevention of phototoxical effects in sun care products and in products which are exposed to sunlight. The high melting point leads to extra thermo-stable products. Glyceryl stearate lactate Radiamuls 2950 Glyceryl stearate SE (self-emulsifying) Radiasurf 7141 O/W emulsifier. Glycol distearate Radia 7268 Isoamyl laurate Radia 7750 Isoamyl oleate Radia 7654 A polar oil that shows very good solvating power for commonly used UV-filters. Excellent ability to disperse pigments, an ideal choice for colour cosmetics or as a basic oil in skin care products. Improves the spreadability of formulations. Its silicon like sensorial profile and excellent skin compatibilty makes it also perfectly suitable for baby care or cleansing formulations. Improves the spreadability of formulations. Its silicon like sensorial profile and excellent skin compatibilty makes it also perfectly suitable for baby care or cleansing formulations. Isopropyl isostearate Radia 7739 Light textured emollient with low occlusivity and good permeation and spreadibility. Isopropyl myristate Radia 7730 Isopropyl palmitate Radia 7732 Isostearic acid Radiacid 0908 Isostearic acid Radia 0909 Isostearyl alcohol Radia 1980 Neopentyl glycol diisostearate Radia 7688 Excellent spreader. Non-occlusive, low viscous, light skinfeel, dry afterfeel. Odourless, colourless co-solvent, good solvent for color cosmetics and eye products. Universal emollient and good compatibility with other ingredients. Excellent spreader. Non occlucive, low viscous, light skinfeel, dry afterfeel. Odourless, colourless co-solvent. High migration on the skin. Suitable for all cosmetic applications. Universal emollient and good compatibility with other ingredients. Rich emollient, lubricating, thickener, dispersing medium for active ingredients and pigment. Applicable in moisturising creams and lotions, shaving creams, antipersperant, deo, baby care, bath foam, make up. Light emollient, good spreadibility, good absorption, carrier, solubilizer, dispersing medium for active ingredients and pigments. Applicable in moisturising creams and lotions, facial cleanser, sun care, antipersperant, deo, baby care, bath oil. Skin conditioning agent, occlusivity, viscosity increasing agent. Used in moisturising creams and lotions, sun care, protective creams, shaving creams, baby care, make up.

31 INCI NAME TRADE NAME PRODUCT PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS PEG-10 diisostearate Radiasurf 7447 PEG-10 dioleate Radiasurf 7443 PEG-10 diricinoleate Radiasurf 7445 PEG-10 laurate Radiasurf 7423 PEG-10 oleate Radiasurf 7403 PEG-10 stearate Radiasurf 7473 PEG-15 dioleate Radiasurf 7444 O/W emulsifiers. High molecular weight members are also used as viscosity builders in detergents systems. Can be used for melting point control. Electrolyte tolerant and suitable for use in antiperspirants. The dioleates and the diisostearates are suitable for microemulsions whilst the stearates are useful in skin creams and lotions. PEG-15 distearate Radiasurf 7454 PEG-15 oleate Radiasurf 7404 PEG-37 monostearate Radiasurf 7417 PEG-5 oleate Radiasurf 7402 PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate Radiasurf 7318 Mild surfactant. Superfatting agent for toiletries, solubilizer. Pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate / tetracaprate Radia 7178 Pentaerythrityl tetrastearate Radia 7176 High viscous ester with light emolliency properties. Low comodegenicity. Good wetting agent. For skin care, make-up, sun care. Has a pleasant non-tacky waxy afterfeel. It exerts a thickening effect on esters and hydrocarbon oils. Enhances gloss and consistency of cosmetic creams and stick products. Polyglycerol-3 polyricinoleate Radiamuls 2253 Powerful W/O emulsifier for polar oils, suitable for emulsions with low viscosity. Polyglycerol-3 stearate Radiamuls 2248 Polysorbate 20 Radiasurf 7137 Non-ionic, Polyglycerol based emulsifier for O/W emulsions. Good liquid crystal promoting properties. Provides excellent stabilisation in emulsion products. HLB 9. Mild, nonionic liquid surfactant for hair and skin cleansing products. Solubiliser for lipophilic substances. Hydrophylic emulsifier for O/W emulsions. Polysorbate 60 Radiasurf 7147 Hydrophylic emulsifier for O/W emulsions. Solubiliser for lipophilic substances. Polysorbate 80 Radiamuls 2157 Solubiliser for lipophylic substances. Hydrophilic emulsifier for O/W emulsions. Vegetable based. Propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate Radia 7208 Non- oily feel, light smooth afterfeel, good spreading and penetration properties, solvent. Propylene glycol stearate Radiasurf 7201 Sodium stearoyl lactylate Radiamuls 2990 Sorbitan isostearate Radiasurf 7758 Sorbitan laurate Radiasurf 7125 Sorbitan oleate Radiamuls 2155 Sorbitan stearate Radiasurf 7145 Sorbitan trioleate Radiasurf 7755 Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate is a co-emulsifier and stabilization agent for foams which is useful for a wide range of cosmetics. Due to its antimicrobial activity it is also a deodorant ingredient. A saturated branched chain ester, is oxidation stable, stable in colour and odour, emulsifier, wetting and dispersing agent. W/O emulsifier for protective, baby care and general purpose emollient creams. Decorative, suncare products. Most hydrophilic sorbitan ester of the Oleon range. Soluble in many fatty compositions and solvents. Acts as co-emulsifier in O/W. Nonionic emulsifier for the formulation of W/O emulsion. Co-emulsifier for O/W emulsions. Suitable for skin care creams and lotions, hand creams and sun care products. Based on vegatable raw materials. Nonionic emulsifier for the formulation of W/O emulsion. Co-emulsifier for O/W emulsions. Suitable for skin care creams and lotions, hand creams and sun care products. Nonionic emulsifier for the formulation of W/O emulsion. Co-emulsifier for O/W emulsions. Suitable for skin care creams and lotions, hand creams and sun care products. Based on vegatable raw materials. Stearyl stearate Radia 7501 Adjusting agent for consistency on cream or hair treatments. Pearlescing agent. Tribehenin Radia 7515 Triheptanoin Radiamuls 2375 Triisostearin Radia 7373 Trimethylolpropane triisostearate Radia 7380 Wax, used in sticks to improve pay-off and gloss and impart a pleasant afterfeel. Also used as a suspending and thickening agent. Universal emollient with pleasant, dry texture and good resistance to oxidation compared with natural oils. Substantive and rich, non-tacky texture emollient with good dispersing property for colorings. Suitable for lipstick and cream. Ideal co-emulsifier in O/W emulsions and emulsifier for W/O emulsions. Recommended for cold process. Substantive and rich, film-forg emollient with high dipersing property for powders. Suitable for lipstick, foundation and hair-care. Triolein Radia 7363

32 COMPOSITION OF NATURAL FATS & OILS Table 11 / composition of natural fats & oils Saturated Acids Caproic Caprylic Capric Lauric Myristic Palmitic Stearic Arachidic Behenic Lignoceric Myristoleic Palmitoleic C6 C8 C10 C12 C14 C16 C18 C20 C22 C24 C14:1 C16:1 Coconut oil T T 0 1 Palmkernel oil Palm oil Cottonseed oil Olive oil Groundnut oil Rapeseed oil low erucic T T T T T T high erucic T T T T Corn oil Soybean oil Sunflower oil Grapeseed oil Safflower oil Linseed oil Castor oil Tall oil 0 3 Tallow T T 2 6 Lard T T Fish oil

33 NATURAL FATS AND OILS 31 Unsaturated Acids Poly Unsaturated Acids Oleic Gadoleic Erucic Linoleic Linolenic Licanic Mixed unsat C20 Mixed unsat C22 Clupanadonic Iodine value Saponification value Ricinoleic Solidification point C18:1 C20:1 C22:1 C18:1.OH C18:2 C18:3 C18:3.0 average C20:3 average C22:3 C22:5 g1 2 /100 g mg KOH/g C T T T T T T

34 Alphabetical list by INCI names INCI NAME TRADE NAME INCI NAME TRADE NAME Behenic acid Radiacid 0560 Oleic acid Radiacid 0166 Butyl stearate Radia 7752 Oleic acid Radiacid 0215 Caprylic / capric triglycerides Radia 7104 Oleic acid Radiacid 0254 Caprylic / capric triglycerides Radia 7101 Oleic acid Radiacid 0294 Cetyl palmitate Radia 7500 PEG-8 diisostearate Radiasurf 7447 Coconut acid Radiacid 0600 PEG-8 dioleate Radiasurf 7443 Coconut acid Radiacid 0620 PEG-8 diricinoleate Radiasurf 7445 Coconut acid Radiacid 0625 PEG-8 laurate Radiasurf 7423 Coconut acid Radiacid 0630 PEG-8 oleate Radiasurf 7403 Coconut acid Radiacid 0631 PEG-8 stearate Radiasurf 7473 Decyl oleate Radia 7336 PEG-12 dioleate Radiasurf 7444 Ethylhexyl cocoate Radia 7722 PEG-12 distearate Radiasurf 7454 Ethylhexyl palmitate Radia 7779 PEG-12 oleate Radiasurf 7404 Ethylhexyl stearate Radia 7772 PEG-4 oleate Radiasurf 7402 Glycerin 4813 PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate Radiasurf 7318 Glycerin 4823 Pentaerythrityl stearate Radiasurf 7174 Glycerin 4818 Pentaerythrityl tetrabehenate Radia 7514 Glycerin 4810 Pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate / tetracaprate Radia 7178 Glycerin 4827 Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate Radia 7181 Glycerin 4833 Pentaerythrityl tetrastearate Radia 7176 Glycerin 4808 Polyglycerol-3 polyricinoleate Radiamuls 2253 Glyceryl hydroxystearate Radiasurf 7146 Polyglycerol-3 stearate Radiamuls 2248 Glyceryl laurate (90%) Radiasurf 7908 Polysorbate 20 Radiasurf 7137 Glyceryl oleate (40%) Radiamuls 2150 Polysorbate 60 Radiasurf 7147 Glyceryl oleate (90%) Radiamuls 2902 Polysorbate 80 Radiamuls 2157 Glyceryl stearate (40% EP type I) Radiasurf 7143 Propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate Radia 7208 Glyceryl stearate (40%, EP type II) Radiasurf 7343 Propylene glycol stearate Radiasurf 7201 Glyceryl stearate (60%) Radiamuls 2643 Sodium stearoyl lactylate Radiamuls 2990 Glyceryl stearate (60%) Radiasurf 7142 Sorbitan isostearate Radiasurf 7758 Glyceryl stearate (90%) Radiamuls 2910K Sorbitan laurate Radiasurf 7125 Glyceryl stearate citrate Radiamuls 2931 Sorbitan oleate Radiamuls 2155 Glyceryl stearate citrate SE Radiamuls 2932 Sorbitan stearate Radiasurf 7145 Glyceryl stearate lactate Radiamuls 2950 Sorbitan trioleate Radiasurf 7755 Glyceryl stearate SE (self-emulsifying) Radiasurf 7141 Stearic acid Radiacid 0152 Glycol distearate Radia 7268 Stearic acid Radiacid 0414 Glycol stearate Radia 7270 Stearic acid Radiacid 0417 Isoamyl laurate Radia 7750 Stearic acid Radiacid 0419 Isopropyl isostearate Radia 7739 Stearic acid Radiacid 0421 Isopropyl myristate Radia 7730 Stearic acid Radiacid 0464 Isopropyl palmitate Radia 7732 Stearyl stearate Radia 7501 Isostearic acid Radiacid 0908 Tribehenin Radia 7515 Isostearic acid Radiacid 0909 Triheptanoin Radiamuls 2375 Isostearyl alcohol Radia 1980 Triisostearin Radia 7373 Neopentyl glycol diisostearate Radia 7687 Trimethylolpropane triisostearate Radia 7380 Isoamyl laurate Radia 7750 Triolein Radia 7363 Isopropyl myristate Radia 7730

35 SS Methods of Analysis Acid value AOCS Cd 3a-63 Iodine value AOCS Cd 1-25 Hydroxyl value AOCS Cd Saponification value AOCS Cd 3-25 Fatty acid composition AOCS Ce 1b-89 Melting point AOCS Cc 3-25 Cloud point AOCS Cc 6-25 Alpha-monoglycerides AOCS Cd Section ll Free glycerol AOCS Ca Moisture Karl Fischer AOCS Ca 2e-84 Color, Lovibond Color, Gardner Color, Apha AOCS Cc 13b-45 colorscan AOCS Td 1a-64 colorscan AOCS Td 1b-64 colorscan Flash point, C AOCS Cc 9a-48

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