Phospholipids in Dietetic Applications Dietetics

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1 We Invest in Quality Phospholipids in Dietetic Applications Dietetics

Phospholipids in Dietetic Applications Phospholipids in Dietetic Applications Phospholipids (PLs) are essential building blocks of all biological membranes exhibiting a plethora of functions.

2 Phospholipids in Dietetic Applications Phospholipids in Dietetic Applications Phospholipids (PLs) are essential building blocks of all biological membranes exhibiting a plethora of functions. Besides their role as structural molecules, they act as dynamic components that are essential for the functionality and activity of cells by activating membrane-bound enzymes for example. Among the naturally occurring phospholipids, the most important components for dietary purposes are Phosphatidylcholine (PC), Phosphatidylserine (PS) and Glycerophosphocholine (GPC). Application Opportunities of Phospholipids Besides their important function as actives, phospholipids can be applied in dietetic products for emulsification, encapsulation and controlled release of active ingredients, as well as for the enhancement of bioavailability, stability, and shelf-life of sensitive ingredients. Due to their unique properties, Lipoid s phospholipids from plant origin present exciting opportunities to nutrition technologists as they are: natural PCR-negative or GMO-free produced only with safe materials.

3 Health Benefits of Phospholipids Phosphatidylcholine (PC) Major constituent of cellular membranes [1] Supports membrane expansion, renewal and regeneration [1] Operates in the liver, lungs, gastro intestinal tract and kidneys as a surface-active wetting-agent to coat cell linings [2] Natural reservoir for choline [2] Health Benefits High efficacy in liver regeneration [2, 3] Cholesterol lowering effect [4] Improves blood lipid status and thus may support prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis [4] Improves visual acuity in preterm infants [5] Soybean-derived Phosphatidylserine (PS) Safe product, no risk of contamination with any kind of prion (proteinaceous infectious particle) [6] Present in all cellular membranes mainly in the inner layer of the cell membrane [2] Most concentrated in human brain and nerves [2] Has a variety of structural and regulatory functions in biological cell activities [7] Modulates the activity of receptors, enzymes, ion channels and signaling molecules [7, 8] Health Benefits Improved exercise capacity [2, 7] Increases neurotransmitter release in the brain [9-10] Reverses age associated nerve cell dendrite loss [9] Increases brain glucose level: - Improved memory [9, 10] - Shorter reaction time [9-11] - Better hand-eye coordination [9-11] - Higher stress resistance [2, 7, 11] - Mood improvement [9-11] Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) Nutrient present in all body cells [12] Phospholipid precursor [12] Component of breast milk [13] Can pass the blood-brain barrier easily [14] Forms clear stable solutions in water Regarded as safe food ingredient [15] Health Benefits Plays vital role in tissue growth and renewal, organ vitality, reproduction, and mind-body integration [16] Significantly benefits attention, mental focus, recall and cognition [17] Offers benefits to defend memory decline caused by poor brain circulation or Alzheimer s disease [17] Valuable for brain recovery after stroke or circulatory injury [18] Can revitalize master hormone functions [19]

systems PhytoSolve (HPMC) Solubility enhancer, bioavailability enhancer PHOSAL 40 IP Solubility enhancer, good compatibility with capsule

4 Common Applications Common Applications Hard Capsules (Gelatine & HPMC) LIPOID PS P grades Brain function, cognitive capacity, memory, nervous system LIPOID GPC 50, GPC X Choline source, nervous system, brain function SOLUTHIN MD Powder form of unsaturated PC for solid delivery systems PhytoSolve (HPMC) Solubility enhancer, bioavailability enhancer PHOSAL 40 IP Solubility enhancer, good compatibility with capsule material Soft Gelatine Capsules PHOSAL GPC 85 Choline source, nervous system, brain function PHOSAL grades Solubility enhancer, bioavailability enhancer

Energy Bars LIPOID PS P grades Brain function, cognitive capacity, memory, nervous system LIPOID H 20 Non-GMO,

5 Powder Compounds and Granulates LIPOID PS P grades Brain function, cognitive capacity, memory, nervous system LIPOID GPC X, GPC Choline source, nervous system, brain function LIPOID P 21 Source of phospholipid complex from non-gmo soybean Energy Bars LIPOID PS P grades Brain function, cognitive capacity, memory, nervous system LIPOID H 20 Non-GMO, non-allergenic source of phospholipid complex from sunflower LIPOID R 20 Non-GMO, non-allergenic source of phospholipid complex from rapeseed

Common Applications Drinks PHOSAL GPC 85 Water soluble choline source, brain function,

Omega-3 triglycerides CoQ10, Vitamin E, Lutein, CLA) Tablets LIPOID PS P grades Brain

nervous system, brain function Tonics LIPOID P grades Soybean lecithin and phospholipids,

6 Common Applications Drinks PHOSAL GPC 85 Water soluble choline source, brain function, mental performance PhytoSolve Solubilization of lipophilic actives (e.g. Omega-3 triglycerides CoQ10, Vitamin E, Lutein, CLA) Tablets LIPOID PS P grades Brain function, cognitive capacity, memory, nervous system LIPOID GPC 50, GPC X Choline source, nervous system, brain function Tonics LIPOID P grades Soybean lecithin and phospholipids, non-gmo LIPOID H grades Sunflower lecithin and phospholipids LIPOID R grades Rapeseed lecithin and phospholipids

Lipoid Products Overview of Lipoid Products for Dietetic Oral Applications Lipoid offers a variety of plant and egg yolk derived products particularly designed for dietetic applications.

7 Lipoid Products Overview of Lipoid Products for Dietetic Oral Applications Lipoid offers a variety of plant and egg yolk derived products particularly designed for dietetic applications. To facilitate the selection of the product most suitable for a particular formulation, some details are summarized on the following pages. Lecithin and Phosphatidylcholines from different sources: Soybean: S grades, Soybean non-gmo: P grades, Rapeseed: R grades, Sunflower: H grades, Egg Yolk: E grades LIPOID S 20 / P 20 / R 20 / H 20 / E 25 Approx. 20% PC, powder LIPOID S 21 / P 21 Approx. 20% PC, granules LIPOID S 40 Approx. 40% PC, powder LIPOID S 45 / P 45 / R 50 / H 50 Approx. 45% PC, coarse agglomerates LIPOID S 80 / P 75 Approx. 75 / 70% PC, coarse agglomerates

8 Lipoid Products Glycerophosphocholines LIPOID GPC 50 Approx. 50% GPC, fine granules LIPOID GPC X Approx. 90% GPC, powder LIPOID GPC Approx. 98% GPC, powder PHOSAL GPC 85 Approx. 80% GPC, viscous aqueous concentrate Soybean Phosphatidylserines Non-GMO LIPOID PS P 20 X Approx. 20% PS, powder LIPOID PS P 50 X Approx. 50% PS, powder LIPOID PS P 70 Approx. 70% PS, powder

Special Systems Based on Soybean Phospholipids PHOSAL 40 IP Approx. 40% PC with sunflower oil, non-gmo PHOSAL 35 SB Approx. 35% PC with sunflower oil PHOSAL 50 SA+ Approx.

9 Special Systems Based on Soybean Phospholipids PHOSAL 40 IP Approx. 40% PC with sunflower oil, non-gmo PHOSAL 35 SB Approx. 35% PC with sunflower oil PHOSAL 50 SA+ Approx. 50% PC with safflower oil PHOSAL 53 MCT Approx. 53% PC with medium-chain triglycerides PHOSAL 75 SA Approx. 75% PC with safflower oil PhytoSolve Class of hydrophilic, customized transparent emulsions consisting of carbohydrates, PLs and active lipophilic components SOLUTHIN MD Approx. 22% PC, powder All data and recommendations made herein are based on our present state of knowledge. We disclaim any liability on risks or formulae that may result from the use of our products, including improper and illicit use.

Delivery System PhytoSolve PhytoSolve designates tailor-made sophisticated solubilization systems based on phospholipids mainly for lipophilic actives.

Phospholipids Water Carbohydrates Lipids or Lipophilic Actives PhytoSolve Transparent carrier for lipophilic actives Solubilizes broad variety of lipophilic actives (e.g.

10 Delivery System PhytoSolve PhytoSolve designates tailor-made sophisticated solubilization systems based on phospholipids mainly for lipophilic actives. Highly concentrated solutions of polyols and phospholipids facilitate the dissolution of large quantities of lipids and form transparent to trans lucent emulsions of liquid to gel-like consistency. Phospholipids Water Carbohydrates Lipids or Lipophilic Actives PhytoSolve Transparent carrier for lipophilic actives Solubilizes broad variety of lipophilic actives (e.g. CoQ10, Vitamin E, Lutein, Omega-3 triglycerides, CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)) [20] Small vesicles Self-preserving system Mixable with water Advantages Based only on natural, non-gmo raw materials Transparent emulsion Free of synthetic surfactants and preservatives Self-emulsifying system Enhanced bioavailability (up to 10 fold depending on the active) [20] Pleasant taste

11 Literature [1] Hanahan D.J. et al., Phospholipids as dynamic participants in biological processes., J. Lipid Res., 1984, 25: [2] Jäger R. et al., Phospholipids and sports performance., J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., 2007, 4:5. [3] Wallnoefer H. et al., Essential phospholipids in the treatment of hepatic disease., Med. Monatsschrift, 1973, 27: [4] Wojcicki J. et al., Clinical evaluation of lecithin as lipid-lowering agent., Phytother. Res., 1995, 9(8): [5] Carlson S.E. et al., Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin., Pediatr Res., 1996, 39(5): [6] Jorissen B.L. et al., Safety of soy-derived phosphatidylserine in elderly people. Nutr. Neurosci., 2002, 5: [7] Starks M.A. et al., The effects of phosphatidylserine on endocrine response to moderate intensity exercise., J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr., 2008, 5:11. [8] Finkielstein C. et al., Cell migration and signaling specificity is determined by the PS recogniti on motif of rac1, J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281(37): [9] Jorissen, B.L. et al., The influence of soy-derived PS on cognition in age-associated memory impairment., Nutr. Neurosci., 2001, 4(2): [10] Schreiber S. et al., An open trial of plant-source derived PS for treatment of age-related cognitive decline., Isr. J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci., 2000, 37(4): [11] Jäger R. et al., The effect of phosphatidylserine on golf performance. J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr., 2007, 4:23. [12] Pauling L., Orthomolecular Psychiatry, Science, 1968, 160: [13] Holmes-McNary M.Q. et al., Choline and choline esters in human and rat milk and in infant formulas. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1996, 64: [14] Parnetti, L.et al., Cholinergic precursors in the treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin: Ineffective approaches or need for reevaluation?. J. Neurol. Sci., 2007, 257(1), [15] Brownawell A. M. et al., Safety assessment of AGPC as a food ingredient., Food Chem. Tox., 2011, 49: [16] Wirthensohn G. et al., Role and regulation of glycerophosphorylcholine in rat renal papilla [human data included]., Pfluegers Arch., 1987, 409: [17] Parnetti, L.et al., Choline alfocerate in cognitive decline and in acute cerebrovascular isease: An analysis of published and clinical data., Mechs. Ageing Dev. 2001, 22: [18] Barbagallo S. G. et al., Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1994, 717: [19] Ceda G. et al., α-gpc administration increases the GH responses to GHRH of young and elderly subjects., Horm.Metabolic Res., 1991, 24: [20] Wajda R. et al., Increase of bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E., J. Med. Food, 2007, 10 (4):

12 Contact Worldwide Lipoid AG Sennweidstrasse 44 CH-6312 Steinhausen Switzerland Phone: Fax: Headquarter and Manufacturing Lipoid GmbH Frigenstraße Ludwigshafen Germany Phone: Fax: info@lipoid.com Manufacturing in three independent plants in Germany. USA/Canada/Mexico Lipoid LLC The National Newark Building 744 Broad Street, Suite 1801 Newark, NJ USA Phone: Fax: info-lipoidllc@lipoid.com Korea Lipoid Korea #1109, Byucksan Digital Valley VI 481-4, Gasan-dong Geumcheon-gu Seoul, Korea Phone: Fax: lipoid@lipoid-korea.com D-B /11-E

Phospholipids for Nutrition BENEFITS, FUNCTIONALITY AND USES ALC

Phospholipids for Nutrition BENEFITS, FUNCTIONALITY AND USES ALC About Phospholipids Phospholipids are natural substances that are essential to life. They are present in every cell in the body, and maintain