Appendix 3-E Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Groups Based on Mode of Action

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Appendix 3-E Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Groups Based on Mode of Action"

Laura Sims
5 years ago
Views:

1 Certified Crop Science Consultant Program Appendix 3-E Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Groups Based on Mode of Action 1 Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxy propionate FOPs clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-r-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-p-ethyl 2 Inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS) also called acetohydroxy-acid synthase (AHAS) Cyclohexanedione DIMs Sulfonylureas Imidazoilinone Triazolopyrimidines Pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cyclosydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-na, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metsulfuronmethyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron Imazapic, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam bispyribac-na, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrithiobac-na, pyriminobac-methyl flucarbazone-na, procarbazone-na

2 Certified Crop Science Consultant 2 3 Inhibit microtubule assembly Dinitroanilines benefin = benfluralin butralin dinitramine ethalfluralin oryzalin pendimethalin trifluralin 4 Synthetic auxins (mimic IAA) 5 Inhibit photosynthesis at photosystem II Site A Phosphoroamidates Pyridines Benzamides Benzoic acids amiprophos-methyl, butamiphos dithiopyr, thiazopyr propyzamide = pronamide tebutam DCPA = chlorthal-dimethyl Phenoxy-carboxylic-acids clomeprop, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dichlorprop = 2,4-DP, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop = MCPP = CMPP Benzoic acids Pyridine carboxylic acids Quinoline carboxylic acids Others Triazines Triazinones chloramben, dicamba, TBA clopyralid, fluroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr quinclorac, quinmerac benazolin-ethyl ametryne, atrazine, cyanazine, desmetryne, dimethametryne, prometon, prometryne, propazine, simazine, simetryne, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryne, trietazine hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin 6 Similar to Group 5 but different binding behavior Triazolinone Uracils Pyridazinones Phenyl-carbamates Nitriles Benzothiadiazinone Phenyl-pyridazines amicarbazone bromacil. lenacil, terbacil pyrazon = chloridazon desmedipham, phenmedipham bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, ioxynil bentazon pyridate, pyridafol

3 Certified Crop Science Consultant 3 7 Inhibit photosynthesis at photosystem II Site B Ureas chlorobromuron, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron, tebuthiuron Amides propanil, pentanochlor 8 Inhibit lipid synthesis (not ACCase inhibition) Thiocarbamates butylate, cycloate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thiobencarb = benthiocarb, tiocarbazil, triallate, vernolate Phosphorodithioates bensulide Benzofuranes benfuresate, ethofumesate Unknown Pyrazolium difenzoquat 9 Inhibit EPSP synthase Glycines glyphosate, sulfosate 10 Inhibit glutamine synthetase Phosphinic acids glufosinate-ammonium, bialaphos = bilanaphos 11 Bleaching: Inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis (unknown target) 12 Bleaching: Inhibit carotenoid synthesis at phytoene desaturase step (PDS) 13 Bleaching: Inhibit ditrepenes 14 Inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) Triazoles Pyridazinones Pyridinecarboxamides Other Isoxazolidinone Ureas Diphenylether Diphenylethers Phenylpyrazoles N-phenylphthalimides Thiadiazoles Oxadiazoles amitrole norflurozon diflufenican, picolinafen beflubutamid, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone clomazone fluometuron acifluorfen acifluorfen-na, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen fluazolate, pyraflufen-ethyl cinidon-ethyl, flumioxazin, flumiclorac-pentyl fluthiacet-methyl, thidiazimin oxadiazon, oxadiargyl

4 Certified Crop Science Consultant 4 Triazolinones azafenidin, carfentrazone-ethyl, sulfentrazone 15 Inhibition of the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) = inhibition of cell division Oxazolidinediones Pyrimidindiones Others Chloroacetamides Acetamides Oxyacetamides Tetrazolinones Others pentoxazone benzfendizone, butafenacil pyrazogyl, profluazol, flufenpyr acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethanamid, metazachlor, metolachlor, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, thenylchlor diphenamid, napropamide, naproanilide flufenacet, mefenacet fentrazamide anilofos, cafenstrole, piperophos 17 Unknown Organoarsenical arsenic (MSMA), DSMA 18 Inhibit DHP (dihydropteroate ) synthase 19 Inhibit action of auxin transport 20 Inhibit cell wall (cellulose) synthesis 21 Inhibit cell wall (cellulose) synthesis 22 Photosystem I-electron diverters Carbamates Phthalamates Semicarbazones Nitriles Benzamide Triazolocarboxamides Bipyridyliums asulam naptalam diflufenzopyr-na dichlobenil, chlorthiamid isoxaben flupoxam diquat, paraquat 23 Inhibit mitosis Carbamates chlorpropham, propham, carbetamide 24 Uncoupling membrane disruptors Dinitrophenols Dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC 25 Unknown Arylaminopropionic flamprop-m-methyl 26 Inhibition of lipid synthesis not ACCase inhibition Chloro-Carbonic-acids TCA, dalapon, flupropanate

5 Certified Crop Science Consultant 5 27 Unknown Others bromobutide (chloro)-flurenol, cinmethylin, cumyluron, dazomet, dymron = daimuron methyl-dimuron = methyldymron, etobenzanid, fosamine, indanofan, metam, oxaziclomefone, oleic acid, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb 28 Bleaching: Inhibition of 4- hydroxyphenyl-pyruvatedioxygenase (4-HPPD) Triketones Isoxazoles Pyrazoles Others mesotrione, sulcotrione isoxachlortole, isozaflutole benzofenap, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen benzobicyclon Table 3E-2. Insecticide Groups Based on Mode of Action Group Mode of Action Chemical Group Active Ingredient 1 Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, interrupting the transmission of nerve impulses Carbamates aldicarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, formetanate, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur Organo-phosphates acephate, azamethiphos, azinphosmethyl, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, dichlorvos/ddvp, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, fonofos, malathion, methamidophos, methidathion, naled, oxydementonmethyl, parathion, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, pyrazophos, sulfotep, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, trichlorphon 2 Interferes with the transmission of the nerve impulse down the axon, leading to repetitive nervous discharges (e.g., DTT analogues) or causes excessive release of acetylcholine which leads to repetitive nervous discharges (e.g., lindane) Organo-chlorines chlordecone, dicofol, dienochlor, endosulfan, lindane, methoxychlor

6 Certified Crop Science Consultant 6 Table 3E-2. Insecticide Groups Based on Mode of Action Group Mode of Action Chemical Group Active Ingredient 3 Acts as an axonic poison on both the peripheral and central nervous system stimulating repetitive Synthetic Pyrethroids d-trans allethrin, allethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinatetau, permethrin, resmethrin, tefluthrin, nervous discharges, Pyrethrins tetramethrin, leading to paralysis Pyrethrins 4 Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, disrupting nerve transmission 5 Interferes with the GABA nerve receptor of insects 6 Juvenile hormone analogues Chloronicotines (nitroguanidines) Nicotine Avermectin juvenile hormones which prevent moulting from the larval to the adult stage Imidacloprid nicotine ambamectin methoprene 7 Unknown Fumigant methyl bromide 8 Unknown Fumigant aluminum phosphide 9 Organism has protein inclusions that are released in the gut of the target pest resulting in gut paralysis and a cessation of feeding 10 Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation at the site of dinitrophenol uncoupling, disrupting formation of ATP 11 Inhibit magnesiumstimulated ATPase. Microbial Organotin Miticides Sulfite Ester Miticides basillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki fenbutatin oxide propargite 12 Unknown Tetrazine Ovicidal Miticide clofentezine 13 A 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist 14 IGR: interferes with deposition of chitin. Triazapentadiene Substituted benzoylurea Benzoic acid hydrazide amitraz diflubenzuron tebufenozide

7 Certified Crop Science Consultant 7 Table 3E-2. Insecticide Groups Based on Mode of Action Group Mode of Action Chemical Group Active Ingredient 15 IGR: interferes with moulting process Triazine cyromazine 16 Blocks ATP synthesis in mitochondria of insect cells.? Hydramethylnon 17 Blocks electron transport in respiration Botanical rotenone Table 3E-3. Fungicide Groups Based on Mode of Action 1 Inhibit tubulin formation Benzimadazole benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole thiophanate-methyl 2 Affect cell division, RNA & DNA synthesis, and metabolism 3 DMI: Inhibition of sterol synthesis Dicarboximide Morpholine Piperazine Triazole iprodione, vinclozolin Dodemorph Triforine myclobutanil, propiconazole 4 Affect RNA synthesis Phenylamide metalaxyl 5 Affect mitochondrial transport chain Carboximide carbathiin, oxycarboxin M Multi-site activity Inorganic ethylenebisdithiocarbamates Dialkyl-dithiocarbamate Phthalimide Chlorophenyl Quinone Unspecified Carbamate propamocarb copper (hydroxide), copper (oxychloride) copper (sulphate), sulphur (wettable) mancozeb, maneb, metiram, zineb ferbam, thiram ziram captan,chlorothalonil, folpet chloroneb, quintozene dichlone, dichloran

8 Certified Crop Science Consultant 8 Table 3E-3. Fungicide Groups Based on Mode of Action Cinnamic acid Guanidine Organic phosphorus Organophosphate Quinoxaline Dimethomorph Dodine fosetyl-aluminum dinocap chinomethionat (oxythiquinox) etridiazole Thiadiazole Triazine anilazine

Weed Science Society of America - Herbicide Mechanism of Action (MOA) Classification List

Weed Science Society of America - Herbicide Mechanism of Action (MOA) Classification List Date Last Modified: 09/11/2016 For questions, contact Dr. Scott Senseman at 'ssensema@utk.edu' Herbicide Class*