Pesticide Families and Mode of Action and Resistance Management
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- Muriel Rogers
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1 Pesticide Families and Mode of Action and Resistance Management
2 Why Resistance Management? Less Reliance on Broad Spectrum Pesticides Modes of Action are very specific which helps beneficial species but might allow for resistance to occur faster. Loss of older chemistry and less options to rotate to or use. Less R&D by companies fewer new chemistries available to combat new resistant species. To much reliance on specific MOA.
3 Pesticide Resistance Management Labeling Mandatory in Canada First published in a PR-Notice in 2001 suggesting Registrants include resistance management wording and adding Mode of Action Numbers to labeling. Standardizes format for MOA numbering on labels. Originally included chart of all pesticide types of MOA but now references web sites.
4 Where to Find MOA Charts HRAC IRAC FRAC
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15 MOA vs Chemical Family Families are different class of pesticides Different families may still have the same MOA Label numbering system is for strictly MOA
16 Pesticide Family Grouped by source, chemical structure physical properties, or origin By modes of action Important for preventing resistance and assessing non-target effects
17 Herbicide Families Aryloxyphenoxy propionate (Phenyl-pyridazine) Ureas (linuron) Amide (propanil) Thiocarbamates (EPTC) Triazole (amitrole) Pyridazinone (norflurazon) Isoxazolidinone (clomazone Diphenylethers (aclonifen N-phenylphthalamides (flumioxazin Triazolinone (carfentrazone-ethyl Chloroacetamides (acetochlor Oxyacetamides (flufenacet Benzofuran (ethofumesate Organoarsenicals (MSMA Cyclohexanediones(sethoxydim
18 Herbicide Families Sulfonylurea (metsulfuron-methyl) Imidazolinone (imazapyr) Dinitroanilines (pendimethalin) Pyridazines (norflurazon) Phenoxys (2,4-D) Benzoic Acids (dicamba) Carboxylic acids (triclopyr) Quinoline carboxylic acid (quinclorac) Triazines (atrazine) Triazinones (metribuzin) Uracils (bromacil) Nitriles (bromoxynil) Benzothidiazole (bentazon)
19 Herbicide Families Carbamate (asulam) Phthalamate (naptalam) Nitrile (dichlobenil) Benzamide (isoxaben) Bipyridyliums (diquat) Carbamates (carbetamide) Dinitrophenol(dinoseb) Arylaminopropionic acid (Flamprop-M-methyl ) Triketone (mesotrione) Isoxazole (isoxaflutole) Pyrazole (pyrazoxyfen)
20 1 Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) 2 Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS) 3 Microtubule assembly inhibition 4 Action like indole acetic acid (synthetic auxins) 5 Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II 6 Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II 7 Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II Herbicide MOA 8 Inhibition of lipid synthesis not ACCase inhibition 9 Inhibition of EPSP synthase 10 Inhibition of glutamine synthetase 11 Bleaching: Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis (unknown target) 12 Bleaching: Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis at the phytoene desaturase step (PDS) 13 Bleaching: Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis (unknown target)
21 Herbicide MOA 14 Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidese (PPO) 15 Inhibition of VLCFAs (Inhibition of cell division) 17 * 18 Inhibition of DHP (dihydropteroate) synthase 19 Inhibition of auxin transport 20 Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis 21 Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis 22 Photosystem-I-electron diversion 23 Inhibition of mitosis / mircrotubule organization 24 Uncoupling (Membrane disruption) 25 * 26 Inhibition of lipid synthesis not ACCase inhibition 27 * 28 Bleaching: Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvatedioxygenase (4-HPPD)
22 Insecticide Families Inorganics Boric acid Diatomaceous earth Sulfur Calcium and Lead Arsenates
23 Insecticide Families Oils Dormant season grade Summer season grade Citrus oil Salts of Fatty Acids (soaps) Insecticidal soaps
24 Insecticide Families Botanicals Neem (Azadiractin) Pyrethrum Rotenone Nicotine Ryania
25 Insecticide Families Microbial toxins Bacillus thuringiensis Avermectin B Spinosyns
26 Insecticide Families Synthetic Organic Pesticides Organochlorines - (DDT, Lindane,) Organophosphates (Malathion, acephate, diazinon) Carbamates (carbaryl, methiocarb) Pyrethroids (permethrin, bifenthrin) Chloronicotynils and Neonicotynils (imidacloprid) Insect Growth Regulators
27 Insecticide Families Fiproles -(fipronil) Pyrroles -Chlorfenapyr (Pylon)) Pyrazoles (Fenpyroximate) Pyradizones -Pyradiben(Sanmite) Quinazolines (Fenazaquin,Hydramethalnon)
28 Insecticide MOA Physical toxicants Antifeedants Axonic poisons (nerve poison) Synaptic poisons (nerve poison) Metabolic inhibitors Cytolitic toxins Muscle poisons Alkylating agents Disruptors of molting, metamorphosis and cuticle formation (Insect Growth Regulators)
29 Insecticide Resistance Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database
30 Fungicide Families Dithiocarbamates Dicarboximides Benzimidazoles Sterol Inhibitors or Demethylase Inhibitors Strobilurins Plus others.
31 Weed Resistance Managment ALS Type herbicides resistance shows up quickly. Pigweeds in Oklahoma. Increased use of glyphosate has progressed glyphosate resistance weeds around the US. Glyphosate resistant horseweed, ragweed and johnsongrass has been found in Arkansas.
32 weedscience.com
33 weedscience.com
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35 Labels and MOA Group Numbers Quick MOA Group number listed on front of label. Is to give a quick reference and help insure a switch to a different mode of action. Resistant management statements will also be included in body of label.
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44 MSMA STATUS MSMA Final timeline has been set. Final comment on cancelations due 8/7/09. December 31, 2009 will be the last date manufacturers will be able to sell MSMA with all current uses especially residential turf. December 31, 2010 will be last date for distributors (Estes, Helena, etc.) and retail sellers Atwoods, Tractor Supply, Lowes, Wal Mart, etc.) will be able to sell MSMA with all current uses (residential turf).
45 MSMA Continued December 31, 2010 no more use of MSMA can occur on residential turf after this date! DSMA, CAMA, cacodylic acid and its sodium salt would be prohibited after this date also. OSU Golf course, sod farms, and right-of-way use will remain until December 31, Do not stockpile any more MSMA than you can use by the dates above on those use sites. Use will not be allowed on those sites after the dates listed!
46 Companies Involved
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