Figure S1, SDC Additional measures of microbial diversity during perioperative period In addition to the Shannon diversity index of Figure 1,

Transcription

1 Figure S1, SDC Additional measures of microbial diversity during perioperative period In addition to the Shannon diversity index of Figure 1, additional measures of diversity are shown:

2 Figure S2, SDC Collective intestinal microbial composition in patients with and without high MELD score at the phylum, order, family, class and genus level. Only taxonomic groups 1% are shown.

3 Figure S3, SDC Collective intestinal microbial composition in patients with and without high CPS at the phylum, order, family, class and genus level. Only taxonomic groups 1% are shown.

4 Figure S4, SDC Weighted UniFrac PCoA plot derived from NGS sequencing of fecal samples taken from patients with ACR (N=maru,orange) and patients without ACR (N=, blue)

5 Table S1, SDC Comparisons of relative abundance of bacterial groups in the stool microbiota between the patients with high MELD scores ( 20) and low MELD scores (<20) % median stool relative abundance MELD<20 MELD 20 p value Phylum Firmicutes 61.3% 62.3% NS Bacteroidetes 16.2% 13.2% NS Proteobacteria 13.5% 14.9% NS Actinobacteria 7.5% 8.6% NS Other 1.5% 1.0% Class Bacilli 33.4% 39.5% 0.01 Clostridia 27.5% 22.4% 0.01 Bacteroidia 16.2% 13.2% 0.03 Gammaproteobacteria 13.1% 14.2% 0.04 Actinobacteria 7.1% 8.2% NS Other 2.3% 2.4% Order Lactobacillales 32.3% 38.2% 0.01 Clostridiales 27.5% 22.4% 0.01 Bacteroidales 16.2% 13.2% 0.03 Enterobacteriales 12.0% 13.5% 0.04 Bifidobacteriales 6.8% 7.8% NS Bacillales 1.1% 1.2% NS Other 4.1% 3.6% Family Enterococcaceae 18.0% 23.8% 0.01< Enterobacteriaceae 12.0% 13.5% 0.03 Bacteroidaceae 11.9% 9.9% 0.02 Lachnospiraceae 11.2% 6.6% 0.01< Lactobacillaceae 8.5% 9.1% NS Bifidobacteriaceae 6.8% 7.8% NS Clostridiaceae 5.5% 6.4% NS Streptococcaceae 5.1% 5.0% NS Veillonellaceae 4.4% 6.9% NS Ruminococcaceae 4.0% 1.6% 0.01

6 Porphyromonadaceae 3.4% 2.4% NS Other 9.0% 7.0% Genus Enterococcus 17.8% 23.7% 0.01 Bacteroides 11.9% 9.9% 0.03 Enterobacteriaceae 11.3% 12.1% NS Lactobacillus 8.2% 9.0% NS Bifidobacterium 6.8% 7.8% NS Clostridium 4.5% 5.9% NS Lachnospiraceae 4.2% 3.5% NS Streptococcus 3.9% 1.7% 0.01< Ruminococcus 3.5% 1.2% 0.02 Parabacteroides 3.4% 2.4% 0.01 Blautia 2.7% 1.3% 0.01< Megamonas 1.9% 1.3% NS Faecalibacterium 1.7% 0.6% 0.04 Lactococcus 1.2% 2.0% NS Megasphaera 1.2% 2.0% NS Veillonella 1.0% 1.4% NS Other 13.7% 14.3% NS : Statistically no significant

7 Table S2, SDC Comparisons of relative abundance of bacterial groups in the stool microbiota between the patients with high child-pugh scores ( 10) and low CPS (<10) % median stool relative abundance CPS<10 CPS 10 p value Phylum Firmicutes 59.8% 61.9% 0.04 Bacteroidetes 21.3% 14.2% 0.01 Proteobacteria 11.6% 14.3% 0.04 Actinobacteria 5.2% 8.3% NS Other 2.0% 1.2% Class Clostridia 40.6% 23.0% 0.01< Bacteroidia 21.3% 14.2% 0.01 Bacilli 19.0% 38.5% 0.01< Gammaproteobacteria 11.0% 13.9% NS Actinobacteria 4.8% 8.0% 0.04 Other 3.3% 2.4% Order Clostridiales 40.6% 23.0% 0.01< Bacteroidales 21.3% 14.2% 0.01 Lactobacillales 18.8% 37.1% 0.01< Enterobacteriales 10.8% 12.7% 0.04 Bifidobacteriales 4.6% 7.6% NS Other 3.7% 5.5% Family Lachnospiraceae 21.7% 7.5% 0.01< Bacteroidaceae 16.1% 10.3% 0.01 Enterobacteriaceae 10.8% 12.7% NS Ruminococcaceae 8.0% 2.3% 0.01< Streptococcaceae 6.9% 4.7% NS Enterococcaceae 6.0% 22.5% 0.01< Lactobacillaceae 5.6% 9.3% 0.01 Bifidobacteriaceae 4.6% 7.6% NS Clostridiaceae 3.8% 6.1% NS Veillonellaceae 3.0% 5.5% NS Other 8.5% 8.6%

8 Genus Bacteroides 16.1% 10.3% 0.01 Enterobacteriaceae 10.2% 11.2% NS Lachnospiraceae 9.3% 2.9% 0.03 Streptococcus 6.9% 2.5% 0.02 Enterococcus 5.8% 22.3% 0.01< Lactobacillus 5.6% 9.0% 0.01 Blautia 5.3% 1.7% 0.02 Faecalibacterium 4.9% 0.7% 0.02 Bifidobacterium 4.6% 7.6% NS Parabacteroides 4.6% 2.8% 0.01 Clostridium 3.3% 5.2% NS Ruminococcus 4.7% 2.5% 0.01< Megamonas 1.4% 1.8% NS Other 18.6% 18.5% NS : Statistically no significant

9 Table S3, SDC Comparisons of characteristics of patients with acute cellular rejection (ACR) patients and those with no rejection (NR). ACR (N=18) NR (N=20) P value Age, years, Mean ± SEM 50.1 ± ± Male gender, (%) 13 (72.2) 11 (55.0) 0.33 MELD score, Mean ± SEM 14.9 ± ± Child-Pugh score, Mean ± SEM 9.7 ± ± ABO-incompatible, (%) 6 (33.3) 6 (30.0) 1.00 Underlying disease Hepatitis B and/or C virus infection Primary biliary cirrhosis Post-Kasai biliary atresia Alcoholic cirrhosis Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Other GRWR, Mean ± SEM 0.94 ± ± Cold ischemia time, minutes Mean ± SEM ± ± Warm ischemia time, minutes Mean ± SEM 41.9 ± ± Blood loss, ml, Mean ± SEM ± ± Operation time, minutes, Mean ± SEM ± ± Days of hospitalisation after LT days 81.9 ± ± MELD: model for end-stage liver disease

10 Table S4, SDC Comparisons of relative abundance of bacterial groups in the stool microbiota between the patients with and without acute cellular rejection (ACR) % median stool relative abundance No ACR ACR p value Phylum Firmicutes 61.6% 45.7% 0.02 Bacteroidetes 14.7% 16.2% NS Proteobacteria 12.0% 21.1% 0.01 Actinobacteria 9.4% 14.8% 0.03 Fusobacteria 1.6% 1.8% NS Other 0.7% 0.3% Class Bacilli 33.4% 31.3% NS Clostridia 27.4% 14.0% 0.03 Bacteroidia 14.7% 16.2% 0.04 Gammaproteobacteria 11.6% 20.7% 0.01< Actinobacteria 8.8% 14.7% 0.03 Fusobacteriia 1.6% 1.8% NS Other 2.1% 1.2% Order Lactobacillales 33.1% 30.9% NS Clostridiales 27.4% 14.0% 0.02 Bacteroidales 14.7% 16.2% NS Enterobacteriales 11.3% 19.8% 0.02 Bifidobacteriales 8.4% 14.5% 0.01 Fusobacteriales 1.6% 1.8% NS Other 3.3% 2.7% Family Enterococcaceae 21.2% 10.4% 0.01 Enterobacteriaceae 11.3% 19.8% 0.02 Bacteroidaceae 10.7% 13.0% 0.04 Bifidobacteriaceae 8.4% 14.5% 0.03 Lactobacillaceae 7.0% 3.5% 0.04 Lachnospiraceae 6.9% 9.7% NS Clostridiaceae 6.9% 1.7% 0.02 Veillonellaceae 5.4% 1.0% 0.02

11 Peptostreptococcaceae 5.2% 0.0% 0.0 Streptococcaceae 4.5% 15.7% 0.02 Porphyromonadaceae 3.6% 2.6% NS Ruminococcaceae 2.3% 0.9% 0.03 Fusobacteriaceae 1.6% 1.8% NS Other 4.6% 5.0% Genus Enterococcus 21.1% 10.2% 0.01 Enterobacteriaceae 10.7% 10.8% NS Bacteroides 10.7% 13.0% 0.04 Bifidobacterium 8.4% 14.5% 0.01 Lactobacillus 7.0% 3.4% 0.02 Clostridium 6.3% 1.2% 0.01 Peptostreptococcus 5.2% 0.0% 0.01 Parabacteroides 3.6% 2.6% 0.03 Streptococcus 3.5% 12.7% 0.01< Lachnospiraceae 2.4% 4.7% 0.03 Dorea 2.2% 0.0% 0.04 Megasphaera 2.0% 0.1% 0.04 Veillonella 1.7% 0.4% 0.02 Fusobacterium 1.6% 1.8% NS Megamonas 1.5% 0.1% 0.01 Lactococcus 1.0% 2.9% 0.02 Blautia 0.8% 3.8% 0.04 Other 9.6% 17.9% NS : Statistically no significant

12 Table S5, SDC Characteristics of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI patients) compared with no BSI patients BSI (N=8) Non-BSI (N=30) P value Age, years, Mean ± SEM 48.4 ± ± Male gender, (%) 5 (62.5) MELD score, Mean ± SEM 79.5 ± ± Child-Pugh score, Mean ± SEM 10.8 ± ± ABO-incompatible, (%) 5 (62.5) 6 (20.0) 0.04 Underlying disease Hepatitis B and/or C virus infection 4 (50) 10 (33) 0.32 Primary biliary cirrhosis Post-Kasai biliary atresia Alcoholic cirrhosis Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Other 1 2 Graft-to-recipient weight ratio, Mean ± SEM 0.98 ± ± Cold ischemia time, minutes Mean ± SEM 98.0 ± ± Warm ischemia time, minutes Mean ± SEM 47.3 ± ± Blood loss, ml, Mean ± SEM ± ± Operation time, minutes, Mean ± SEM ± ± Days of hospitalisation after LT, days 79.5 ± ± MEL D: mod el for endstag e liver disea se