ASF epidemiology. [Lessons from the outbreak in Spain]

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1 ASF epidemiology [Lessons from the outbreak in Spain]

2 Presentation structure Context ASF history The Spanish pig industry Wild boar in Spain Are we ready for ASF? Key messages

3 Presentation structure Context ASF history The Spanish pig industry Wild boar in Spain Are we ready for ASF? Key messages

4 CATEGORY DEFINITION PICTURE Wild boar Wild ancestor of the pig, native, game species. Can eventually be managed (feeding, fencing) or farmed. Feral pig and pig/wild boar crossbreds Feral invasive animals, often non-native, game species. Can eventually be managed (feeding, fencing) or farmed. Wild Free-range domestic pig Backyard domestic pig Open-air domestic pig Owned pig allowed to range more or less free. Biosecurity varies between seasons, countries and owners. Owned pig, not commercial, low biosecurity. Usually for family consumption and local exchange. Owned pig, commercial, relatively low biosecurity. Increasing due to animal welfare/public. Domestic Closed farm domestic pig Owned pig, commercial, high biosecurity. Limited contact risk with other groups listed above.

5 The domestic wild gradient

6 Presentation structure Context ASF history The Spanish pig industry Wild boar in Spain Are we ready for ASF? Key messages

7 African swine fever history Till 1970 introduced to Portugal fist detection in Spain expanded to France, Belgium, Netherlands and Italy 1995 Spain ASF-free again 1977 press article

8 African swine fever history

9 Wildlife and infection maintenance wild boar play a secondary role and are unable to maintain ASF

10 Wildlife and infection maintenance ASFORCE (Collab. JM Sánchez-Vizcaino): Wild boar life-trapping in Sardinia, 2014

11

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13 Wildlife and infection maintenance So what?

14 Presentation structure Context ASF history The Spanish pig industry Wild boar in Spain Are we ready for ASF? Key messages

15 The Spanish pig sector Largest EU pig producer Close to 50 million slaughter pigs Close to 3 million (semi free-range) Iberian pigs Total pig number doubled since 1985

16 Presentation structure Context ASF history The Spanish pig industry Wild boar in Spain Are we ready for ASF? Key messages

17 Wildlife population trends in Europe

18 Hunting bag Wild boar population trend in Spain Hunting bag wild boar means there are in Spain >1 million wild boar ASF-free since 1995 At current growth levels, pop. will reach 2 million wild boar in Incremento : 1000% Fuente: Jose Luis Garrido/FEDENCA

19 Presentation structure Context ASF history The Spanish pig industry Wild boar in Spain Are we ready for ASF? Key messages

20 A.- No action and no monitoring (worst option) B.- No action (cost>benefit), but monitoring C.- Take action (cost<benefit), and always monitoring Integrated monitoring Prevention and biosafety Population control Vaccination 1. Epidemiological diagnosis 2. Decision Three options 3. Intervention (integrated control) 4. Assess effects of intervention new decision

21 Monitoring: ASF surveillance in place

22 Monitoring: wild boar populations? Need to improve & harmonize hunting statistics Need to develop and apply new population assessment tools

23 Prevention and biosafety EU and country level avoid entrance Industrial pig farms already with strong biosafety However be realistic and better get ready Risk situations: Free-range pigs Overabundant wild boar Urban wild boar & waste feeding

24 Population control Works for certain diseases, not for others Is hunting really able to control wild boar populations (and for how long)? Need to address the feeding and baiting debate

25 Vaccination No vaccine available research ongoing (slow) Vaccine deployment strategies in place, targeting wild boar piglets For oral TB vaccination Up to 83% successful deployment

26 Presentation structure Context ASF history The Spanish pig industry Wild boar in Spain Are we ready for ASF? Key messages

27 Key messages Current ASFV circulation is mainly maintained by wild boar Wild boar population is increasing throughout Europe All (government, hunters, farmers) need to get ready for further ASF expansion innovation needed!

28 IREC

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