ASF Socio Economic impact Vaccine and vaccina2on. Vi3orio Guber2 ISPRA, Italy

Transcription

1 ASF Socio Economic impact Vaccine and vaccina2on Vi3orio Guber2 ISPRA, Italy

2 Different aspects Direct and indirect costs determined by the control in infected farms (stamping out, disinfec2ons etc.) Cost of eradica2on measures at countries level Cost of trade ban Cost for the back yard sector Cost for the management of infected wild boars ASF is an economic devasta0ng disease

3 EU level A real cost es2ma2on of ASF has not yet been carried out; The trade ban costs 1,4 billion of euros/year Denmark es2mates a cost of 330 millions of euro following the first ASF outbreak in its own domes2c pigs popula2on

4 ASF eavily influences the pig sector in any infected countries More back yard pigs has a Country higher is the drop in pig produc2on

5 Estonia Lithuania Poland Latvia

6 In general Drop of the internal pig produc2on independent from the number of outbreaks; Pork producer countries become impor2ng countries; The market in itself does not accept pigs that are at risk of being infected; The back yard sector drops because of legisla2on (i.e. no back yard pigs in a radius of 25 kms from a commercial farms) or because companies producing commercial pigs buy and block the local back yard pig produc2on; Hun2ng of wild boar (an income in several European areas) is strongly modified and oyen hun2ng is forbidden or subsidised; A very high number of laboratory tests and related costs (personnel, travels, field Vets etc. etc.) including the cost of Vi3orio travels

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9 Vaccines Virus neutraliza2on is based on both umoral and cellular immune response Circula2ng an2bodies (Ig) alone do not neutralize (kill) the virus DNA ASF virus encodes 167 proteins 13 (at least) of them are involved in host immune response avoidance By now 6 proteins are known to elicite immune response

10 Type of possible vaccines Inac0vated (killed) virus vaccine: proved not working. Ac2ve mul2plica2on of the virus is needed to elicite immune response; Live a<enuated virus vaccines: used in Spain (late 60 ). The caused virus spread with a mild disease. Probably they were responsible of causing chronic forms and long 2me spreaders; Recombinant live vaccine from a<enuated or virulent virus: based on the dele2on of gene(s) in order to obtain a completely avirulent virus but s2ll able to mul2ply and elicite a strong immunity in vaccinated animals;

11 Problems ASF has 22(23) different genotypes, which one is the best candidate for a vaccine? (EU working with Genotype II) The role played by several proteins in immunity (evasion or induc2on) not yet fully understood; The pig immune system is not yet fully understood Lack of cell lines to culture the vaccine virus Lack of a DIVA system to differen2ate vaccinated from infected animals 3-5 years at least to have a vaccine But is ten years that we are saying the same

12 Vaccina2on in Europe Commercial farms: there is no a high interest in vaccines and vaccina2on. The average biosecurity level is adequate to prevent the introduc2on of the virus in almost all commercial farms; Back yard pigs: vaccina2on could help in eradica2ng the virus in high endemic areas where the absence of the basic biosecurity measures prevent the eradica2on of the virus; however to maintain immune an en2re back yard pig popula2on is a hard task (high turn-over, lack of census etc.); The contemporaneous presence of vaccinated and not vaccinated back yard pigs could jeopardize any eradica2on a3empts (final EU goal)

13 Wild boar vaccina2on The availability of a vaccine addressing ASF in Wild boar would help in solving the actual epidemiological situa2on; An ORAL VACCINE is needed (delivered in baits from aircrays or helicopters as for Rabies in foxes) The vaccine should be stable at both cold and hot temperatures Safe for wild boar and other wild and domes2c species that might ingest it A specific vaccina0on strategy should be developed: how many baits/km2, how many 2mes/year, how many years, how to manage the vaccinated wild boar popula2on (hun2ng vs non hun2ng); how to assess the vaccina2on efficacy. At present we are very far from its availability

14 Take at home message ASF is an economic disaster affec2ng interna2onal and domes2c trades, back yard sector and wild boar hun2ng business Vaccine will not be available in medium term (years!!!!!) Early detec0on (surveillance) control measures and biosecurity will be the main tools to combat the infec2on for the next years

15 Thanks for the a3en2on Any ques2on?