I. H. Brown*, S. M. Reid, G. Simon, W. Loeffen, L. E. Larsen, P. Kellam, S.Watson, N. Lewis, S. M. Brookes, O.Pybus & ESNIP3 Consortium
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1 Coordinated surveillance of influenza viruses in European pigs: Enhanced Virological and Epidemiological analysis from the European Surveillance Network for Influenza in Pigs (ESNIP3) I. H. Brown*, S. M. Reid, G. Simon, W. Loeffen, L. E. Larsen, P. Kellam, S.Watson, N. Lewis, S. M. Brookes, O.Pybus & ESNIP3 Consortium SCFCAH, Brussels, 8/11/13 *Coordinator AHVLA-Weybridge, UK OIE reference laboratory for swine influenza EURL for Avian Influenza
2 ESNIP Coordinator Guus Koch, CVI Lelystad, NL ESNIP Coordinator Kristien Van Reeth, Ugent, BE ESNIP 3 Annual Meeting Ploufragan, France, November 2011 ESNIP3 Coordinator Ian Brown, AHVLA, UK
3 ESNIP3 objectives Expand knowledge of epidemiology and evolution of SIVs in Europe Surveillance for influenza in pigs; harmonised Contemporary data available at EU level Service to pig industry Rapid virus characterisation Harmonised diagnostics; new tools Use of new technologies/improvements linking datasets Antigenic characterisation/mapping Genetic characterisation Phylogeography Genotypic data Provide timely insights to veterinary public health risk EFSA, ECDC EU SI Virus database and repository Global dissemination of information/exchange Network interaction 3
4 European enzootic Swine Influenza Viruses (SIVs) Swine Influenza Viruses (SIV) 3 Influenza A viral subtypes in circulation in pigs: H1N1, H3N2, H1N Avian like swine A/Sw/IleVilaine/1455/99 H1N1 Strain (origin and nature) A/Sw/Finistere/2899/82 different depending on 3 major geographic regions: North America, Europe, H1N1 Asia H3N2 Several genetic lineages among a given subtype H3N2 Other subtypes isolated, but swine adaptation not demonstrated: avian H4N6, H3N3, H9N2, H5N1, (H7N7) A/Port Chalmers/1/ H3N1, H2N3 > reassortants (sw/sw, sw/av, sw/hu) H1N7 (réass hu/eq), equine H3N8 A/Sw/Gent/1/84 H3N2 Human like swine 1994 European reassortant human like swine H3N2 H1N1 1983? Simon, 2010 A/USSR/90/77 A/Brazil/11/78 A/England/80 A/Sw/Scotland/410440/94 H1N2 Reassortant human like swine H1N2
5 Pandemic virus A/H1N North American triple réassortant virus Eurasian avian like swine H1N1 (1979) SwH1 clade γ H1N2 (1999) rh1n1 (2007) Classical swine H1N1 or Date, host, place? HA NA PB2 PB1 PA NP M NS Swine Origin A/H1N1 H1N1pdm09 Human H3N2 (1998) Avian H9N2 (1998) Avian H1N1 (1979) Prevalence in European pigs? Slide courtesy of Galle Simon Brookes et al., 2009, 2010; Lange et al., 2009; Simon, Virologie, 2010
6 Project consortia 25 partners: Veterinary institutes Belgium, UK, The Netherlands, Italy, France, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Spain, Israel, Hungary, Finland, Greece, USA, China Vaccine manufacturers Merial (France), IDT (Germany) & Hipra (Spain) 11/12/2013 6
7 my presentation Density of pig production in Europe
8 Finland Denmark United Kingdom Belgium Netherlands Germany Poland France Slovakia Hungary Italy Spain Greece
9 Country Partner Number of herds investigated Number of positive cases Frequency of positive cases (%) Number of subtyped viruses United-Kingdom P1-AHVLA ,59 58 Belgium P2-UGent ,21 29 Netherlands P2-UGent ,35 25 P12-CVI P8-IDT ,5 1 France P3-Anses , Italy P4-IZSLER , Denmark P5-DTU , Poland P6-NVRI ,95 29 P8-IDT ,23 1 Slovakia P6-NVRI ,33 1 Belarus P6-NVRI ,00 Russia P6-NVRI ,67 Lithuania P6-NVRI 1 0 0,00 0 Spain P7-LCV P22-HIPRA ,25 29 Germany P8-IDT , P17-FLI , P2-UGent Finland P9-EVIRA ,62 3 Israel P10-KVI 7?? 0 Hungary P11-CAO ,31 38 Greece P13-UTH ,31 3 Total Nov10-Oct ,
10 Regional variation in the epidemiology of SI in Europe (ESNIP3) H1avN1 (53%) H3N2 (9%) H1huN2 (16%) Enzootic lineages rh1hun1 and rh1avn2 (8%) H1N1pdm and reass. (14%) Epizootic lineages (occasional detections)
11 New diagnostics PCR harmonisation Validated tools for detection of all SIVs Specific detection of North American swine H3N2v confirmed New methods under evaluation for rapid serotyping
12 Mapping changes in the virus Why do we need to do? Changes in virus spread, infectivity, & pathogenesis Changes in virus host range Veterinary Public Health Implications Diagnostics Intervention through vaccination Two approaches Mapping antigenic changes Identifying genetic mutations Linking two datasets
13 Antigenic mapping Understand how the pigs immune response to infection with influenza will reduce infection and spread with other strains Probe combinations of virus and different flu antibodies to reveal relationships Cartography visual tool for presenting datasets Applied in ESNIP3 for first time to European SIV s
14 A/swine/H1/ A/sw/England/2008 A/sw/Scotland/410440/19 94 H1N2 H1N1 A/sw/Italy/71251/2 005 pdmh1 14
15 Genetic mapping/monitoring How are viruses mutating Determine the genetic code of SIV s and compare between strains Identify trends/patterns Identify new virus genotypes from genetic reassortment ESNIP3 has contributed c400 new SIV genomes Inform veterinary public health risk
16 17 unique genotypes observed Green = Eurasian avian like Red = pandemic Purple = Human H1/H3 N1/N2 Blue = Classical swine Grey = Eurasian/Oceanic avian PB2 PB1 PA HA NP NA MP NS pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm H1 pdm N2 pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm H3 pdm N2 pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm N2 pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm EA pdm N2 pdm pdm pdm pdm pdm EA pdm EA pdm pdm EA EA EA H3 EA pdm EA EA EA EA EA H3 EA N2 pdm EA EA EA EA H3 EA N2 EA EA EA EA EA H1 EA N2 EA EA EA EA EA H1 EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA N2 EA EA EA EA EA EAav EA N2 EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA hu hu hu H3 hu N2 hu hu CS CS CS CS CS CS CS CS EAav EAav EAav EAav EAav EAav EAav EAav
17 Genotype frequency throughout Europe
18 Pandemic genotype observed in 5 European countries
19 Pandemic segments observed throughout European swine
20 SIV genotypes in Europe my presentation
21 Implications of genotypic variation Continual virus mixing in the pig New introductions primarily from humans Viruses that are best fitted to replicating and spreading pigs will be selected Contribute to virus change over time Importance of ongoing surveillance Implications for control economics public health
22 Conclusions Surveillance approaches harmonised Four viruses cocirculating Significant regional variation Diagnostics fit for purpose Preliminary antigenic maps for H1 & H3 Genomic data generated- genotypic evolution including with pdm09 Data/knowledge exchanged with other networks, official bodies
23 The future? Project completion ! Publication of work Continued engagement with stakeholders Future utility ESNIP4??? Lobbying & consultation No immediate prospect for continued funding of the network Horizon 2020??
24 Acknowledgements EU commission Competent authorities supporting surveillance programmes Industry: producers, PVS s stakeholder groups etc Collaborating partners: WHO, OIE institutes my presentation
25 Thank you for your attention Questions Your views & comments welcome
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