FAOAIDEnews Animal Influenza Disease Emergency

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1 FAOAIDEnews Animal Influenza Disease Emergency Situation Update 80 7 September 2011 HPAI outbreaks reported in this publication refer to officially confirmed cases only. The information is compiled from the following sources: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), national governments and their ministries, and the European Commission (EC) these sources are responsible for any errors or omissions. Bird Flu Rears its Head Again: Increased Preparedness and Surveillance Urged Against Variant Strain On 29 August 2011, FAO urged heightened readiness and surveillance against a possible major resurgence of the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) amid signs that a new variant of H5N1 virus is spreading in Asia and beyond, with unpredictable risks to human health. The H5N1 virus has infected 565 people since it first appeared in 2003, killing 331 of them, according to the latest WHO figures available. The latest death occurred last month in Cambodia, which has registered eight cases of human infection this year all of them fatal. Since 2003 H5N1 has killed or forced the culling of more than 400 million domestic poultry and caused an estimated $20 billion of economic damage across the globe before it was eliminated from most of the 63 countries infected at its peak in However, the virus remained endemic in five nations, although the number of outbreaks in domestic poultry and wild bird populations shrank steadily from an annual peak of 4,000 to just 302 in mid But outbreaks have risen progressively since, with almost 800 cases recorded between 2010 and Virus spread in both poultry and wild birds At the same time, 2008 marked the beginning of renewed geographic expansion of the H5N1 virus both in poultry and wild birds. The advance appears to be associated with migratory bird movements or other possible mechanism of virus dissemination (trade, contaminated materials), according to FAO Chief Veterinary Officer Juan Lubroth. He said migrations help the virus travel over long distances, so that H5N1 has in the past 24 months shown up in poultry or wild birds in countries that had been virusfree for several years. "Wild birds may introduce the virus, but it is peoples' actions in poultry production and marketing that spread it," Lubroth noted. Contents Bird Flu Rears Its Head Again Science Against AI in Viet Nam Financed by Donors At a Glance... 5 Summary of confirmed HPAI outbreaks AIDEnews is an FAO ECTAD publication Editor: Sigfrido Burgos, ECTAD Communications Unit (sigfrido.burgos@fao.org) Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 1

2 Recently affected areas are to be found in Israel and the Palestinian Territories (2011), Bulgaria (2010), Romania (2010), Nepal (2010) and Mongolia (2011). A further cause for concern, Lubroth said, is the appearance in China and Viet Nam of a variant virus apparently able to sidestep the defences provided by existing vaccines. In Viet Nam, which suspended its springtime poultry vaccination campaign this year, most of the northern and central parts of the country where H5N1 is endemic have been invaded by this new virus strain. High alert Viet Nam's veterinary services are on high alert and reportedly considering a novel, targeted vaccination campaign this fall. Virus circulation in Viet Nam may pose a direct threat to Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia as well as endangering the Korean peninsula and Japan further afield. Wild bird migration can also spread the virus to other continents. "The general departure from the progressive decline observed in could mean that there will be a flareup of H5N1 this fall and winter, with people unexpectedly finding the virus in their backyard," Lubroth said. The countries where H5N1 is still firmly entrenched Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Indonesia and Viet Nam are likely to face the biggest problems but no country can consider itself safe, he said. "Preparedness and surveillance remain essential," Lubroth underlined. "This is no time for complacency. No one can let their guard down with H5N1." The Science Against Avian Influenza in Viet Nam is Sponsored by Donors Between 2003 and 2011, a total of 63 countries and territories throughout the world have reported outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 (H5N1 HPAI) in domestic poultry and/or wild birds. These countries and territories can be clustered into four geographical locations: Africa (12), Asia (18), Europe (26), and Near East (7). Also, from 2003 to 2011, the cumulative number of confirmed human cases of H5N1 HPAI reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) is 565; of these 331 have died. The majority of human cases occurred in four countries: Egypt, Indonesia, People s Republic of China, and Viet Nam. While it is true that H5N1 HPAI may have escaped the frightening newspaper headlines of the last few years, it is far too early to turn the page on avian influenza. Currently, scientists in Viet Nam have their heads busy and hands full figuring out how to beat back a vaccineresistant strain of virus currently killing chickens and ducks in scattered pockets in the northern part of the country. This scientific endeavour requires economic and physical resources as well as technical expertise, and assistance is being provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 2

3 To give some dimension of the problem H5N1 HPAI represents to variegated poultry producers in Southeast Asia, the Vietnamese Department of Animal Health has said that, over the past eight years, authorities have had to cull 63 million poultry in 40 of the country s 63 provinces. But this is only the impact on animals. With regards to humans, of the 119 cases of H5N1 HPAI reported in Viet Nam since 2003, 59 have been fatal. Most of Viet Nam s infections over the past eight years have come during recurrent waves of outbreaks around Tet festivities, the annual Lunar New Year celebrations in January or February when millions of people, chickens, ducks, and geese are on the move, often closely together, making it much easier for viruses to spread. Authorities at the Vietnamese Department of Animal Health believe that with continued donor support the country can maintain its position and gain positive results, setting its priorities on research and other activities for influenza control in the country. This is particularly relevant at this juncture given that experts at the National Center for Veterinary Diagnosis (NCVD) detected a newly classified clade , which is a specific virus strain still characterized as highly pathogenic and one of ten virus groups detected in Viet Nam over the years. Many of the experts and scientists studying and monitoring viral clades and the movement of viruses in Viet Nam are virologists at the NCVD and in eight regional laboratories. Since 2006, they have received funding and technical support from USAID and other various projects. The determination that vaccines currently used in the country were ineffective against some viruses of the strain has moved Viet Nam to postpone new vaccinations until an effective vaccine can be developed. In response, USAID is working with international reference laboratories to find an effective vaccine that can then be tested by the NCVD. USAID and FAO are also currently wrapping up a largescale, twoyear operational research project at the provincial level to identify best practices and policy guidance on a safe, effective, and sustainable poultry vaccination strategy to limit the spread of H5N1. For its part, FAO is always open to work with donors to assist member states. Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 3

4 MOST RECENT H5N1 AI OUTBREAKS Note: This list has been compiled on the basis of information up to 31 August August July May April February Bangladesh, Egypt, Viet Nam Cambodia Indonesia Korea (Republic of) Israel (Jordan Valley), Mongolia China (Hong Kong SAR), India, Japan, Myanmar West Bank 2010 October May April Nepal Russian Federation China Lao PDR Bhutan, Bulgaria, Romania 2009 Germany 2008 November September July May February January Thailand Togo Nigeria Pakistan United Kingdom Turkey Switzerland, Ukraine Saudi Arabia 2007 December October August July April January Benin, Iran, Poland Afghanistan France Czech Republic Ghana, Malaysia Kuwait Côte d'ivoire, Hungary 2006 August July May April February Sudan Spain Niger Burkina Faso, Denmark Djibouti, Sweden Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Cameroon, Croatia, Greece, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Serbia, Slovenia BosniaHerzegovina, Georgia, Iraq, Italy, Slovakia Green: areas which never had reported outbreaks in poultry Sources: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), European Commission (EC), FAO and national Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 4

5 AT A GLANCE The latest HPAI outbreaks for the period 1 July 31 August 2011 Note AIDEnews publishes reports of confirmed HPAI cases using the following sources: OIE, European Commission, FAO and national governments. AFRICA Egypt A total of 26 H5 HPAI positive cases were reported in nine governorates during July: Behera (1), Fayoum (4), Giza (4), KafrelSheikh (1), Qena (1), Qualioubia (3), Menoufia (7), Minya (1) and Sharqia (4) Governorates (number of outbreaks in brackets); and a total of seven H5 HPAI positive cases were reported in six governorates in August: BeniSuef (1), Fayoum (1), Gharbia (1), Giza (1), Menoufia (2) and Sharqia (1) Governorates. ASIA Bangladesh After a month without H5N1 HPAI outbreak reported in July; H5N1 HPAI outbreaks were reported again in commercial chicken farms in Chuadanga Sadar and Damurhuda Upazilas, Chuadanga District, Khulna Division and Badalgachhi Upazila, Naogaon District, Rajshahi Division. A total of 2,020 birds died and 23,345 were destroyed. Cambodia During July, outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI were reported in the Phnom Tamao zoo, Tro Pang Sap Commune, Bati District, Takeo Province in wild species; and in Doun Moul (Chok Rasmey) and Prek Samrong Villages, Rohath Toek Commune, Mongkol Borei District, Banteay Meanchey Province in backyard poultry (ducks and chickens). Poultry die offs were also reported in Chork Reaksmey Village, Rohath Teuk Comune, Mongkul Borei District, Banteay Meanchey Province; and Taing Thleung Village, Mepring Commune, Cheung Prey District, Kampong Cham Province through WHO in relation to the 17th and 18th human case of Influenza A (H5N1) infection in July and August respectively. Indonesia The Participatory Disease Surveillance and Response (PDSR) programme through 33 Local Disease Control Centres covers 71,815 villages in 86 percent of Indonesia s 448 districts and municipalities in 29 of its 33 provinces. During 2011, PDSR conducted surveillance in 1,769 villages (2.5 percent). The overall HPAI incidence was 1.0 infected village per villages under surveillance. The highest HPAI incidence occurred in in Banten Province (7.1 per 1000), followed by Sulawesi Selatan (6.0 per 1000) and Bengkulu (4.6 per 1000). No village visits were undertaken in Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Utara and Nusa Tenggara Timur Provinces during this period. Viet Nam In July, H5N1 HPAI outbreaks reported in in Nghe An, Phu Tho and Quang Tri Provinces: in Nghe An five localities affected namely Quan Hanh Town and Nghi Loc District (Nghi Dien, Nghi Hoa, Nghi Thuan and Nghi Phuong Communes); as of 30 August, a total of 1,494 poultry affected (32 chickens and 1,462 ducks) of which 2,526 (32 chickens and 2,494 ducks) have died; in Phu Tho, four communes in Ha Hoa District were affected, a total of 1,454 out of 2,237 poultry (45dayold Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 5

6 ducks and layer chickens) became sick or have died; in Quang Tri, 2,250 birds (40dayold ducks) out of 5,000 in Hai Thien, Hai Lang District; and poultry in Gio Linh Town were affected. During August, H5N1 HPAI outbreaks reported in Quang Ngai, Quang Tri and Thai Binh Provinces: In Quang Ngai, 2,800 poultry (400 chickens and 2,400 ducks) in Tinh Phong Commune, Son Tinh District were affected of which 690 (170 chickens and 520 ducks) have died. In Quang Tri, outbreaks occurred in Hai Ba Hai Tan and Hai Lang Districts, 5,202 (5,003 ducks and 199 chickens) out of 5550 (5,300 ducks and 250 chickens) affected. In Thai Binh, outbreak reported in Dong Hoang Commune, Dong Hung District, 50 out of 208 poultry have died. Evolution of virus clades in Viet Nam Red: clade 2.3.4; Yellow: clade ; Green: clade 1 In Viet Nam, during a major change in circulating virus clades took place in the northern part of the country as compared to The previously dominant clade (red in the map) has been entirely replaced by clade (yellow in the map). In southern Viet Nam clade 1 (green in the map) remains the predominant clade Source: (Department of Animal Health (DAH)/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, FAOViet Nam) Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 6

7 SUMMARY OF CONFIRMED HPAI OUTBREAKS (As of 31 August 2011) Sources: OIE, European Commission (EC), FAO and national governments WHO for human cases/deaths. Note: H5N1 unless otherwise indicated. Highlighted countries indicate those in which there has been only one officially confirmed H5N1 outbreak or occurrence. Dates of the last outbreak within this year are in bold. AFRICA First outbreak Latest outbreak Animals affected to date Human cases / deaths to date Benin 7 November December 2007 Domestic poultry Burkina Faso May 2006 Domestic poultry wild birds Cameroon 21 February Domestic poultry wild birds Côte d'ivoire January 2007 Domestic poultry wild birds Djibouti 6 April April 2006 Domestic poultry 1 / 0 Egypt 17 February August 2011 Domestic poultry wild birds 151 / 52 donkeys Ghana 14 April Domestic poultry Niger 6 February Domestic poultry Nigeria 16 January July 2008 Domestic poultry wild birds 1 / 1 South Africa 1 February July 2011 (H5N2, Ostrich PCR H5 positive) Sudan August 2006 Domestic poultry Togo September 2008 Domestic poultry ASIA First outbreak Latest outbreak Animals affected to date Human cases / deaths to date Afghanistan October 2007 Domestic poultry wild birds Bangladesh 5 February August 2011 Domestic poultry 3 / 0 Bhutan 18 February Domestic poultry Cambodia 12 January July 2011 Domestic poultry wild birds 18 / 16 China 20 January May 2010 Domestic poultry wild birds wild birds 40 / 26 China (Hong Kong SAR) 19 January Domestic poultry Wild birds India 27 January Domestic poultry Indonesia 2 February Domestic poultry pigs (with 178/ 146 no clinical signs) Japan 28 December Domestic poultry wild birds raccoons (no clinical signs) Kazakhstan 22 July Domestic poultry wild birds Korea, Rep. of 10 December May 2011 Domestic poultry wild birds Lao PDR 15 January April 2010 Domestic poultry 2 / 2 Malaysia 7 August Domestic poultry wild birds Mongolia 10 August April 2011 Wild birds Myanmar Domestic poultry 1 / 0 Nepal 8 January October 2010 Domestic poultry Pakistan 23 February Domestic poultry wild birds 3 / 1 Thailand 23 January November 2008 Domestic poultry wild birds 25 / 17 tiger Viet Nam 9 January August 2011 Domestic poultry 119/ 59 NEAR EAST First outbreak Latest outbreak Animals affected to date Human cases / deaths to date Iran 2 February December 2007 Domestic poultry wild birds Iraq 18 January February 2006 Domestic poultry wild birds 3 / 2 Israel April 2011 Domestic poultry (Jordan Valley) Emu (zoo) Jordan Domestic poultry Kuwait 23 February April 2007 Domestic poultry wild birds zoo birds Saudi Arabia January 2008 Domestic poultry West Bank & Gaza Strip February 2011 Domestic poultry Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 7

8 EUROPE First outbreak Latest outbreak Animals affected to date Human cases / deaths to date Albania 16 February Domestic poultry Austria 10 February Wild birds cats Azerbaijan 2 February Wild birds domestic poultry 8 / 5 dogs BosniaHerzegovina 16 February February 2006 Wild birds Bulgaria 31 January Wild birds Croatia 21 October Wild birds Czech Republic July 2007 Wild birds domestic poultry Denmark May 2006 Wild birds domestic poultry France 17 February August 2007 Wild birds domestic poultry Georgia 23 February February 2006 Wild birds Germany 8 February January 2009 Wild birds domestic poultry mallard, wild cats stone marten Greece 30 January Wild birds Hungary 4 February January 2007 Wild birds domestic poultry Italy 1 February February 2006 Wild birds Poland December 2007 Wild birds domestic poultry Romania 7 October Wild birds domestic poultry cat Russian Federation 15 July Domestic poultry wild birds wild birds Serbia 28 February Wild birds domestic poultry Slovakia 17 February February 2006 Wild birds Slovenia 9 February Wild birds Spain 7 July October 2009 (H7) Poultry Sweden 28 February April 2006 Wild birds domestic poultry game birds mink Switzerland 26 February February 2008 Wild birds Turkey 1 October Domestic poultry wild birds 12 / 4 Ukraine 2 December February 2008 Wild birds domestic poultry zoo birds United Kingdom May 2008 (H7N7) Wild birds domestic poultry The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. FAO 2011 Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) 8