Immunity & Vaccination John Helps BVetMed CertSAM MRCVS Senior Technical Manager- CABU

Transcription

1 Immunity & Vaccination John Helps BVetMed CertSAM MRCVS Senior Technical Manager- CABU

2 Overview Immune system Vaccines and vaccination Nobivac Vaccine range

3 The Immune System Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity Humoral Cell Mediated Passive Immunity

4 Innate Immunity Immediate and rapidly activated Non specific response WBCs and proteins, Inflammation Surfaces in direct contact with the environment Not stimulated by vaccines

5 Acquired or adaptive Immunity Specific response and has memory Cells present in spleen, LNs, body surfaces and bloodstream Involves active surveillance Subsequent exposure to same infective agent provides a fast and more powerful adaptive immune response Two key functional divisions: humoral and cell mediated

6 Humoral Immunity Th B-lymphocytes and plasma cells, (supported by T-helper cells) B Production of Antibodies: Block receptor binding Opsonise for phagocytosis Complement-mediated lysis Agglutination Neutralisation Pla

7 Cell Mediated Immunity Th-cells, NK cells, Cytotoxic Tc-cells cells Cytotoxic destruction of infected target cells Th Induction of apoptosis Cytokine mediated process NK Tc Regulatory T-cells

8 Measuring immune response Variable correlation of protection between circulating Ab and protection against infection: Good CDV CAV CPV FPV Weaker/Poor FCV FHV CPi Bb Leptospirosis What cut-off titre and what serological test? Gold standard measure is controlled challenge

9 Passive Immunity Derived from transfer of antibodies- humoral transfer only Maternally derived antibody Passive immunisation Antisera Antitoxins Rapid effect but no memory and rapidly wanes

10 Types: Natural Artificial Passive Immunity Maternally Derived Antibody Humoral Only Antisera Antitoxins Humoral Only Active Immunity Natural Exposure to Infection Humoral and Cell Mediated Response Vaccines Humoral +/- Cell Mediated Response

11 Aims of Vaccination To protect the individual from lethal or disease producing infections To protect populations Herd Immunity Economic Benefits To prevent human disease

12 Types of vaccine Live vaccines Virulent Attenuated (e.g. MLV) Apathogenic Heterologous Inactivated vaccines Inactivated/killed Others Sub-unit vaccines Gene deletion vaccines Vectored vaccines

13 Live Vaccines Live organism which can infect cells and replicate but not induce pathology or disease After injection travels to relevant sites in the body Virulent Orf Attenuated CPV, CAV, CDV FCV, FHV, FPV Heterologous

14 Inactivated & Recombinant Vaccines Antigenically intact but don t replicate/infect cells Inactivated Nobivac Lepto2/ L4 Nobivac Rabies Sub unit vaccines Nobivac FeLV Gene deletion vaccines Equilis StrepE Nobivac Myxo-RHD Recombinant Vectored vaccines Nobivac Myxo-RHD

15 Live vs inactivated vaccines? Live Broad immunity: Usually CMI + Humoral Rapid onset Single dose may be effective Longer DOI? No need for adjuvant Better in the face of MDA Reversion to virulence? Inactivated Good humoral response in many cases +/- CMI Slower onset Multiple doses for optimum effect Shorter DOI? Often adjuvanted May be more difficult to break through MDA No concern about residual virulence

16 Primary vaccination

17 Response to vaccination varies Factors that can mitigate against an optimum response: Genetic factors Parasitism Health and Nutrition Age Concurrent medication Stress Biological Variation MDA levels

18 Vaccination and MDA

19 Nobivac Vaccine Range

20 Nobivac offers the broadest range of small animal vaccines Allows practices flexibility to choose a fully supported modern tailored approach to vaccination Nobivac DHPPi Nobivac DHP Nobivac Lepto 2 Nobivac L4 Nobivac Pi Nobivac Parvo-C Nobivac KC Nobivac Tricat Trio Nobivac Ducat Nobivac FeLV Nobivac Bb for cats Nobivac Myxo-RHD Nobivac Rabies

21 Key Canine Infectious Diseases Distemper Infectious Canine Hepatitis Parvovirus Leptospirosis Infectious canine tracheobronchitis Rabies

22 Industry leading options on protocols Choice of DHPPi or DHP for the core components from as early as 6 weeks Choice of L4 and Lepto2 for leptospirosis use from as early as 6 weeks Bivalent intranasal Nobivc KC for optimum control of Bb and Pi from 3 weeks of age Standalone Parvo-C vaccine- option from 4 weeks of age where increased risk of parvovirus is anticipated in puppies Efficacy in the face of expected levels of MDA which allows a minimum finish of 10 weeks All canine vaccines licensed for use during pregnancy

23 Core Components DHP Live attenuated vaccine components 3 Year DOI OOI 1 week Use from 6 weeks 10 week minimum finish C154 strain gives a prevention of shedding claim for our parvovirus vaccines for the full 3 year duration of immunity Parvo cross protection vs CPV 2a, 2b, 2c

24 Nobivac Lepto 2 and L4 Inactivated non-adjuvanted Annual revaccination recommended Reduction of infection and urinary excretion Serogroup Coverage (representative serovar) Canicola Lepto 2 L4 Icterohaemorrhagiae Australis Grippotyphosa

25 Nobivac L4 European leptospirosis vaccine 4 key serogroups dominate reports from clinical case submissions: Australis (esp. Bratislava) Icterohaemorrhagiae (incl. Copenhageni) Canicola Grippotyphosa

26 VLA seropositive results from clinical case submissions (4 years to 2011) copenhageni 3.8% 7.6% 11.7% 15.1% 39.8% canicola bratislava 22.0% icterohaemorrhagiae australis others

27 Nobivac Lepto Vaccine Quality/testing Low BSA formulation ( Vaccipure technology) Helps minimise risk of hypersensitivity reactions Nobivac L4 was the first vaccine to benefit from in-vitro batch quality testing Antigenic mass ELISA developed by MSD as part of its commitment to 3Rs Avoids the need for laboratory animals in batch quality testing

28 Nobivac KC Live attenuated Bb and CPiV Use from 3 weeks OOI Bb 72 hours and CPiV 3 weeks DOI 12 months

29 Nobivac Pi Live attenuated vaccine, non-core antigen Use from 8 weeks with a minimum finish of 10 weeks Single dose sufficient primary course from 12 weeks SPC OOI 4 weeks Annual booster option where Nobivac KC not used

30 Nobivac Rabies Inactivated vaccine Use from 3 months (from 4 weeks) Dogs, cats also data on ferrets DOI 3 years, (ferrets 18 months) Compatibility data allows concurrent use in dogs/cats Purchase of Nobivac vaccines linked to Afya Project vaccine provision

31 Licensed combination/concurrent use DHP, Parvo-C Lepto 2, L4, Rabies, KC DHPPi, Pi Lepto 2, L4 and Rabies KC DHP, Lepto 2 and L4 Rabies DHPPi, DHP and Lepto 2

32

33

34

35 Feline Infectious Diseases Feline herpesvirus Feline calicivirus Feline panleucopaenia Feline leukaemia Bordetella bronchiseptica (Chlamydophila felis)

36 Nobivac Cat Vaccines Nobivac Tricat Trio Nobivac Ducat Nobivac FeLV Nobivac Bb Nobivac Rabies

37 Industry leading choice and flexibility Modified live vaccines efficacious in face of expected levels of MDA Early use of Nobivac Ducat from 6 weeks where early risk of FURTD is anticipated Use of Nobivac Bb from 4 weeks of age Extended DOI for FPL for 3 years

38 Nobivac Tricat Trio Live attenuated FCV, FHV & FPV Use from 8-9 weeks Minimum 12 week finish OOI* DOI FCV & FHV 4 weeks, FPV 3 weeks FCV & FHV 1 year, FPV 3 years Feline panleucopaenia (FPL) MW-1 strain offers a full three years duration of immunity

39 Nobivac FeLV Recombinant vaccine From 8 weeks of age OOI 2 weeks DOI 1 year Unique epitope purity (p45 antigen) Offers active immunisation vs persistent viraemia and associated clinical signs

40 Extended 3 year DOI Cat Vaccination Protocol (for Feline Panleucopaenia)

41 Nobivac Myxo-RHD Unique live bivalent myxoma vectored RHD vaccine available since 2013 Non-adjuvanted 1ml subcutaneous vaccination Single dose primary course Minimum age 5 weeks 12 months DOI for both components

42 Vaccine Guidelines

43 Vaccination in practice SPCs/ Datasheets Vaccine protocols and guidelines Safety- increasing focus Disease risks Surveillance Communication Risk/benefit analysis Renewed focus on wellbeing and preventative health

44 Any Questions?? TPS team call or fax