People. Laboratory of Microbial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Therapy ( 病原微生物与抗感染治疗课题组 ) Bacterial infection and antibiotics.
|
|
- Pamela Douglas
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bacterial infection and antibiotics Laboratory of Microbial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Therapy ( 病原微生物与抗感染治疗课题组 ) Established in December 2012 Xilin Zhao, Ph.D., Professor Dai Wang, Ph.D., Associate Professor School of Public Health, Xiamen University Bacterial infection Antimicrobial resistance New antimicrobial enhancers Bacterial stress response Pathogenesis New antimicrobials Bacterial apoptosis Virulence factors People Group leader Prof. Xilin Zhao,Ph.D Group member Dr. Dai Wang, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yiqun Liao, Assist. Prof. Ms. Yunxin Xue, Assist. Eng. Postgraduate Student Ms. Jinzhi Feng Ms. Lina Ma Contact us: Tel:+86(0) zhaox5@xmu.edu.cn; daiwang@xmu.edu.cn Xilin Zhao B.S./M.S. (Nankai Univ.) Ph.D. (Univ. East Anglia/ John Innes Centre, UK) Bacterial stress response and programmed cell death Mechanisms of antimicrobial killing Antimicrobial resistance Tuberculosis
2 Dai Wang B.S. (Shanghai Univ.) M.S./Ph.D. (Univ. Edinburgh, UK) Bacterial pathogenesis Type III secretion system Bacterial microrna Yiqun Liao B.S./M.S./Ph.D. (Xiamen Univ.) Molecular diagnosis HBV Drug resistance Bacterial infection is a leading cause of infectious diseases In the past 70 years, 335 human infectious diseases have been discovered, more than half are caused by bacterial infection. Tuberculosis: 10 million new cases per year, ~2 million death Bacterial pneumonia: 4.5 million cases a year, 60,000 death (US) Cholera: 5.5 million cases a year, 130,000 death. Black death (Plaque) caused by Yersinia pestis infection killed 75 to 200 million, about half of European population. Spontaneous generation v.s. Spontaneous generation was coherently synthesized by Aristotle different types of life might repeatedly emerge from specific sources other than seeds, eggs or parents. life routinely emerges from non-living matter on a time scale of anything from minutes to weeks (mice and other animals arise from the mud of the Nile; aquatic forms being produced directly from lifeless matter) The germ theory of disease refers to the discovery in the late 19th century that some infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, small organisms too small to see without magnification, that invade the host.
3 Significant contributors of Bacteria were first discovered by Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek in the 1670s Significant contributors of Discovered germ theory of fermentation Invented pasteurization for sterilization He is considered as the Father of Microbiology since he used handcrafted microscopes to first observed many different single celled organisms. Created the first vaccine Louis Pasteur Significant contributors of Founder of modern bacteriology Identified the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax Koch's Four Postulates 1. The organism must always be present, in every case of the disease. 2. The organism must be isolated from a host containing the disease and grown in pure culture. Created the Koch s postulates for linking specific microorganisms to particular diseases Invented multiple methods for culturing pure bacteria (Potato slice, gelatin, agar) Robert Koch 3. Samples of the organism taken from pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible animal in the laboratory. 4. The organism must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be identified as the same original organism first isolated from the originally diseased host.
4 Significant contributors of Pioneered antiseptic surgery Bad air or bacterial transmission Filtration, exposure to heat, exposure to chemicals Transmittable infectious diseases used to be the leading cause of human death The 1918 Spanish Flu: Infected 500 million people and killed million Unlike most other influenza outbreaks that disproportionately kill juvenile, elderly, or already weakened patients; the 1918 pandemic killed predominantly previously healthy young adults. Carbolic acid (now known as phenol) Joseph Lister The majority of deaths were from bacterial pneumonia, but the virus also killed people directly, causing massive hemorrhages and edema in the lung. Ended the World War I due to lack of troops supply Tuberculosis Characteristics of M. tuberculosis Bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Damages lungs or other parts of the body Fatal if not treated properly Slow growing High bacterial burden Waxy cell wall Refractory to chemotherapy
5 The challenge for tuberculosis control cholera A third of human population are infected, ~10 million new cases (~2 million deaths) per year. Slow growing pathogen, high bacterial burden, dormancy. Long treatment time with multiple agents required. Increasing prevalence of MDR, XDR, and CDR cases. Caused by vibrio cholerae infection (O1, and O139) Transmits through contaminated food and water 3-5 million cases, 130,000 death in 2010 Used to be a much deadly disease, killing tens of millions in 19 th century 7 cholera pandemics have occurred in the past 200 years, with the seventh originating in Indonesia in Plague (Black death) Occurred during Caused by Yersinia pestis infection started in China or central Asia and travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Europe by 1346 Killed million or near half of European population THE 10 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL DEATHS, U.S Pnuemonia Diarrhea and Enteritis Stroke Injuries Senility Tuberculosis Heart disease Liver disease Cancer Diphtheria % of all deaths 2 other major outbreaks of had been occurred: The Plague of Justinian in the 6th and 7th centuries, wiped out half of European population China and India in the 1890s, also killed millions. Heart disease Stroke Injuries Diabetes Suicide Cancer Lung disease Pnuemonia & Influenza HIV Liver disease % of total
6 The Decline of Infectious Diseases 1. Increased hygiene and sanitation (chlorinated drinking water, sewage treatment etc.) 2. Antibiotics 3. Childhood vaccination programs DEFINITIONS Antibiotic: compound produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism. Antimicrobial: Antibiotics and synthetic compounds that kills or block the growth of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even protozoans. History of antibiotic discovery Year Origin Description 1640 England John Parkington recommended using mold for treatment in his book on pharmacology 1870 England Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson observed that culture fluid covered with mould did not produce bacteria 1871 England Joseph Lister experimented with the antibacterial action on human tissue on what he called Penicillium glaucium 1875 England John Tyndall explained antibacterial action of the Penicillium fungus to the Royal Society 1877 France Louis Pasteur postulated that bacteria could kill other bacteria (anthrax bacilli) 1897 France Ernest Duchesne healed infected guinea pigs from typhoid using mould (Penicillium glaucium) 1928 England Sir Alexander Fleming discovered enzyme lysozyme and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum 1932 Germany Gerhard Domagk discovered Sulfonamidochrysoidine (Prontosil ) 1943 USA Selman Waksman discovered streptomycin History of antimicrobial discovery Paul Ehrlich: father of chemotherapy, initiated the concept of chemotherapy (1904), discovered Salvarsan (1910) for the protozoal disease sleeping sickness. Prontosil (Gerhard Domagk, 1932, 1935) against streptococcal infections, later recognized as a prodrug for the first class of true antibacterial Sulfonamides Penicillin: first true antibiotic, discovered 1928 by Alexander Fleming but not widely used clinically until Streptomycin: Selman Waksman Additional reading materials:
7 The initiation of the concept of chemotherapy The father of chemotherapy Initiated the concept of chemotherapy (1904) Discovered Salvarsan (1910) for the protozoal disease sleeping sickness and syphilis. Won Nobel price for his work on acquired Immunity in 1908 Pioneered antiseral valency standards. Coined the concept of magic bullet. Paul Ehrlich The Discovery of Sulfonamides In 1932, Gerhard Domagk discovered that a red dye, called prontosil rubrum, protected mice and rabbits against lethal doses of staphylococci and haemolytic streptococci. Prontosil was a derivative of sulphanilamide (p-aminobenzenesulphonamide), which the Viennese chemist, Gelmo, had synthesized in In 1935, Prontosil was shown clinically effective against streptococcal infection, landing Domagk Nobel Price in Gerhard Domagk Discovered the existence of blood-brain barrier. Penicillin Discovery of penicillin Staphyloccus aureus Fungus: Penicillium notatum Ernest Duchesne The Discovery of streptomycin Father of antibiotic, a word he coiled. Discovered streptomycin, neomycin, and >15 other antibiotics Noble price in 1952 for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis Sir Alexander Fleming Ernst Chain Sir Howard Florey Andrew J. Moyer The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases". Controversy about proper credit for streptomycin discovery with his student, Albert Schatz. Selman Waksman
8 The mission of scientist A quiz Uncover the law and truth of mother nature Persist (truth often lies in the hands of minority) Challenge authority (Respect law of nature more than respect any person Comprehensive (no rush to conclusion, self-correct) Unlimited imagination 1. Which month has 28 days? 2. What can t you ever grab with your right hand? 3. How many eggs can you eat with an empty stomach? 4. Can you imagine something that might travel faster than light? Suggested reading: The structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn
Introduction to Microbiology The Microbial World and You (Chapter 1) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College
Introduction to Microbiology The Microbial World and You (Chapter 1) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Source for figures and content: Eastern Campus
More informationPART A. True/False. Indicate in the space whether each of the following statements are true or false.
MCB 55 Plagues and Pandemics Midterm I Practice questions Read each question carefully. All the questions can be answered briefly, in the space allotted. PART A. True/False. Indicate in the space whether
More informationIf you can answer all these your knowledge of this topic is really good. Practice answering the questions and get someone to test you.
Medicine in Britain c.1250 - Present Day - Personal Learning Checklist If you can answer all these your knowledge of this topic is really good. Practice answering the questions and get someone to test
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 30. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 30 2 of 30 What causes disease? 3 of 30 Disease A disease is any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body. Disease-causing agents are called pathogens.
More informationThe Immune System and Pathology
The Immune System and Pathology The Immune System in Action When a mosquito bites When you breathe When you have allergies When you get a blood transfusion When you die...also called the Lymphatic System
More informationA History of Microbiology
A History of Microbiology Miasmatic Theory The Miasmatic Theory postulates that disease is caused by "bad air" or "mal aria", known as miasmatic odors. It was thought that these miasmatic odors arose from
More informationTopic 1 - Medieval England
Topic 1 - Medieval England 1. Explain why there was continuity in ideas about the cause of disease during the period c1250-c1500. 2. Explain why there was little change in the care provided by hospitals
More informationImmune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn
Immune System 37 section 1 Infectious Diseases Biology/Life Sciences 10.d Students know there are important differences between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication,
More informationMedicine in the 20 th Century
Medicine in the 20 th Century 1900 2000 The History of Medicine This icon indicates the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. 1 of 32 For more detailed instructions,
More informationInfection, Detection, Prevention...
Infection, Detection, Prevention... A disease is any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems. Non infectious diseases are typically caused by exposure to chemicals or are inherited.
More informationMicrobiology. Hamed Al Zoubi LECTURE : 1 19/9/ مركز الرائد للخدمات الطالبية 66/
Microbiology Dr: Hamed Al Zoubi LECTURE : 1 19/9/2017 20 مركز الرائد للخدمات الطالبية 66/8486535 2 nd year Medical Students - JU Dr. Hamed Al Zoubi Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. MBBS /
More informationBefore Statement After
CHAPTER 17 Immunity and Disease LESSON 1 Diseases What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with
More informationUnderstanding and Confronting Emerging Disease
Understanding and Confronting Emerging Disease Michael J. Buchmeier, PhD. Professor, Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Div. of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UCI Deputy
More informationUnderstanding and Confronting Emerging Disease
Understanding and Confronting Emerging Disease Michael J. Buchmeier, PhD. Professor, Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Div. of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UCI Deputy
More informationPart III: Basic Immunology
Part III: Basic Immunology Introduction: This is an introductory unit on immunology. Important topics addressed include bacterial pathogens, vaccines, antibiotics, and cells of the immune system. After
More informationLESSON 2.4 WORKBOOK. How can we prove infection causes disease?
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Correlation a connection between two factors. Causation when a change in one factor results in a change in another. Vector an organism that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host.
More informationChapter 6: Fighting Disease
Chapter 6: Fighting Disease Lesson 1: Infectious Disease How Do Pathogens Cause Disease? Ancient times, people had different ideas about what caused disease. - Evil spirits - Swamp air - Imbalance of four
More informationUNIT 6: PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 31: Immune System and Disease
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationChapter 17. Infectious Diseases
Chapter 17 Infectious Diseases Lesson 1 What is an infectious disease? Infectious disease Is any disease that is caused by an agent that can be passed from one living thing to another. Disease causing
More informationDownloaded from
Class IX: Biology Chapter: Why do we fall ill Chapter Notes Key learnings: 1) Our body s well-being is dependent on the proper functioning of its cells and tissues. 2) All our body parts and activities
More informationImmune System. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Immune System Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the bacteria is the cause of pneumonia? a. staphylococci c. Treponema
More informationWhy was there so much change in this period?
Why was there so much change in this period? Germ Theory: Summary? 1) 1861: Germ Theory Bacteria in the air turned things bad (working to find why beer was going sour). Pasteur wondered if this could make
More informationBacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology Immunology Pathology Epidemiology. Microbe alternate terms Germs, microorganisms, pathogens, agents, bugs
1 BIO 205 Microbiology for Health Professionals The study of microscopic agents as they relate to human health The causes of infectious disease. The control of infectious disease. Host defenses against
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 11. Epidemiology and Public Health Chapter 11 Outline Epidemiology Interactions Among Pathogens, Hosts and the Environment Chain of Infection Reservoirs
More informationScientist Reports. Your group has a set of these biographies. Read the biography, and, in your own words, write the biography.
Scientist Reports In your Timeline assignment, you learned about eight scientists who helped us learn more about microorganisms. Your assignment is to write a onepage biography of each scientist. Your
More informationPlague Time: The New Germ Theory Of Disease By Paul Ewald READ ONLINE
Plague Time: The New Germ Theory Of Disease By Paul Ewald READ ONLINE Implementing the New Germ Theory for the Public's Health: A Call to Action. Andrea. time the germ theory was established, sanitarians
More informationHPS211! Lecture 12! Germ Theory!
HPS211 Lecture 12 Germ Theory Agenda Prior theory: humors Germ theory Alternative theories: spontaneous generation miasma John Snow & epidermiology Louis Pasteur, bacteria, vaccine Robert Koch's work Theory
More informationAOHS Global Health. Unit 1, Lesson 3. Communicable Disease
AOHS Global Health Unit 1, Lesson 3 Communicable Disease Copyright 2012 2016 NAF. All rights reserved. A communicable disease is passed from one infected person to another The range of communicable diseases
More information4/28/2013. The Ever-Evolving Flu p The 1918 Flu p. 617
The Ever-Evolving Flu p. 615 1. Influenza (Fig 18.10) rapidly evolves each year, and processes such as reassortment give rise to new genotypes. 2. Flu virus evolves rapidly to evade our immune system (Fig
More informationMICROBIOLOGY - An Overview
MICROBIOLOGY - An Overview Hieucam Phan, MD Pediatrics St. Luke s Hospital San Francisco, CA Microbiology 6/01 1 Introduction Major Achievements of Medical Sciences in the 20th Century Microbiology DNA
More informationHSE Beating Mumps. MMR Vaccine
The Human Challenge Since the beginning of time the human race has been threatened by disease, but it is only in relatively recent history that scientists have been able to isolate the causes of many diseases
More informationMicro320: Infectious Disease & Defense. Microbio320 Website. Life Expectancy in the USA. Lecture #2: Introduction/ Overview.
Lecture #2: Introduction/ Overview Innate Immunity Micro320: Infectious Disease & Defense Instructor: Michele Klingbeil Microbio320 Website Life Expectancy in the USA http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/graphic/2008/06/12/gr2008061200179.html
More informationSection 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages )
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages 1031 1035) Key Concepts What causes disease? How are infectious diseases transmitted? Introduction (page 1031) 1. Any change,
More informationSection 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages )
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages 1031 1035) What causes disease? How are infectious diseases transmitted? Introduction (page 1031) 1 Any change, other than
More informationClass 9 th Why do we fall ill?
Class 9 th Why do we fall ill? Health: health is a state of physical, mental and social well being. The health of all individuals is dependent on their physical environment, social environment, and their
More informationInfection : a disease or condition caused by a microorganism Microorganisms are the tiniest living organisms on earth that
Chapter 13: Infectious Diseases The Process of Infection Infection : a disease or condition caused by a microorganism Microorganisms are the tiniest living organisms on earth that eat, reproduce, and die
More informationInfection Control in the School Setting. It s In Your Hands
Infection Control in the School Setting It s In Your Hands What is an Infection? A condition resulting from the presence of, and invasion by, germs (microorganisms) For Infection to Occur an Organism Must:
More informationPreventing Infectious Diseases. Chapter 28 Lesson 3
Preventing Infectious Diseases Chapter 28 Lesson 3 Active Immunity One important feature in the body s s immune system is that it remembers the pathogen it meets. This gives the body long term protection-immunity
More informationImmune System and Disease. Chapter 31
Immune System and Disease Chapter 31 31.1 PATHOGENS AND HUMAN ILLNESS Key Concept Germs cause many diseases in humans Microogranisms (microscopic particles) cause certain diseases proposed by Louis Pasteur
More information2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace 1999 Holiday Lectures on Science Chapter List
2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace 1999 Holiday Lectures on Science Chapter List Lecture One Microbe Hunters: Tracking Infectious Agents Donald E. Ganem, M.D. 1. Start of Lecture One 2. Introduction
More informationDisease: any change, other than an injury, that disrupts homeostasis. Pathogen: disease-causing agent such as bacteria, virus, etc.
The Immune System Disease: any change, other than an injury, that disrupts homeostasis. Pathogen: disease-causing agent such as bacteria, virus, etc. Infectious disease- caused by pathogen Germ theory
More information03 Enzymes. #21 Enzymes and reactions
03 Enzymes #21 Enzymes and reactions Many chemical reactions can be speeded up by substances called catalysts. Within living organisms, these reactions (metabolic reactions) are controlled by catalysts
More informationBacterial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity. 2 nd Lecture
Bacterial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity 2 nd Lecture Preferred Portal of Entry Just because a pathogen enters your body it does not mean it s going to cause disease. pathogens - preferred portal of entry
More informationCHAPTER AT A GLANCE. Science Class (SA-II)- IX
13 CHAPTER AT A GLANCE Health is a general condition of a preson s mind and body. According to WHO (World Health Organisation) health is a state of physical, metal and social well-being of a person. To
More informationThe Immune System and Disease
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages 1029 1033) This section describes the causes of disease and explains how infectious diseases are transmitted Introduction
More informationWarm Up. What do you think the difference is between infectious and noninfectious disease?
Warm Up What do you think the difference is between infectious and noninfectious disease? Infectious Diseases Chapter 14 Lesson 1: Types of Infectious Disease Infectious Diseases An infectious disease
More informationNOTES OF CH 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL CLASS 9TH SCIENCE
NOTES OF CH 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL CLASS 9TH SCIENCE Topics in the Chapter Introduction Health Community Health Differences between Being Healthy and Disease-free Disease and its cases Types of diseases
More informationThe Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two facts about infection: 1.The various ways infection can be transmitted. 2. The ways the infection chain can be broken.
More informationSOUTH EASTERN KENYA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2015/2016 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH
SOUTH EASTERN KENYA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2015/2016 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH HPH 102: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY DATE: 7/12/2015 TIME:10:30-12:30PM INSTRUCTIONS
More informationINFECTIOUS DISEASES. Chapter 13
INFECTIOUS DISEASES Chapter 13 No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1 The Process of Infection Infection: a disease or condition caused by a microorganism
More informationGOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
Assignments in Science Class IX (Term II) 13 Why Do We Fall Ill? IMPORTANT NOTES 1. A disease is the malfunctioning of body organs due to one reason or the other. 2. The term disease literally means without
More informationChapter 14. Bugs that Resist Drugs
Chapter 14 Bugs that Resist Drugs See website Learning Objectives Important Terminology Power point- posted after chapter is completed What happened to Carlos Don, Rebecca Lohsen, Ricky Lannetti? Carlos
More informationTetanus - Aids - Tuberculosis - Diphtheria - Rabies - Cancer - Poliomyelitis
Plagues Old and New N 1 During the course of history, populations all over the world have been struck down by contagious diseases. There was a time when town and countryside lived in fear of catching the
More informationMultiple Choice Questions
Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following is not a viral disease? (a) Dengue (b) AIDS (c) Typhoid (d) Influenza 2. Which one of the following is not a bacterial disease? (a) Cholera (b) Tuberculosis
More informationPandemic lesson plan ITEMS. Teachers lesson plan. Student assignments. About pandemics. Real life stories. Pandemics: Be prepared.
Pandemic lesson plan The pandemic lesson plan provides teachers and students with an opportunity to investigate pandemics through individual or classroom activities. ITEMS Teachers lesson plan Student
More informationbacteria review 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria?
Name: Date: 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria? 5. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? A. ribosome B. cytoplasm C. cell
More informationChapter 8 Review. 4. Scientists do not consider viruses as true living organisms because they
Chapter 8 Review Multiple Choice 1. A disruption of homeostasis can result in all of the following except A. illness C. disease B. death D. stability 2. Infectious diseases result from A. genetic defects
More informationChapter 17 Human Health and Environmental Risks. Monday, March 26, 18
Chapter 17 Human Health and Environmental Risks Human Health and Environmental Risks There are 3 major categories of risk for human health? 1. Physical (natural disasters, UV exposure) 2. *Biological (all
More informationHost Parasite Relationship. Prof. Hanan Habib Department of Pathology, College of Medicine,KSU
Host Parasite Relationship Prof. Hanan Habib Department of Pathology, College of Medicine,KSU OBJECTIVES Define core terms important in host-parasite relationship. Know host response to parasite invasion
More information2013 Disease Detectives
2013 Disease Detectives Since the catastrophic earthquake that hit Haiti in January of 2010, there have been an alarming number of cases of Cholera, spread by the Vibrio cholera bacterium, reported within
More informationThe Human Immune System. Video
The Human Immune System Video What is the immune system? The body s defense against disease causing organisms, malfunctioning cells, and foreign particles A collections of cells, tissues, and organs that
More informationImmunization (I) Dr. Aws Alshamsan Department of Pharmaceu5cs Office: AA87 Tel:
Immunization (I) Dr. Aws Alshamsan Department of Pharmaceu5cs Office: AA87 Tel: 4677363 aalshamsan@ksu.edu.sa Objectives of this lecture By the end of this lecture you will be able to: 1 Realize the significance
More informationGreat Ideas of Biology
Great Ideas of Biology Lecture 4 Alan Mortimer PhD Infectious Disease Infectious Disease Where do they come from How do they move from person to person What can we do about it - History of Infectious Disease
More informationIS THE UK WELL PREPARED FOR A REPEAT OF THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC?
Cambridge Judge Business School Centre for Risk Studies IS THE UK WELL PREPARED FOR A REPEAT OF THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC? Dr Andrew Coburn Chief Scientist Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies 5 December
More informationQuiz Student:
Quiz 5 080911 Student: 1. The enveloped viruses typically obtain their envelope A. from the host plasma membrane. B. as they exit the host. C. from a newly constructed viral-derived membrane. D. from the
More informationHistory of major advances in medicine, social medicine and hygiene. Ivana Kolčić, MD, PhD
History of major advances in medicine, social medicine and hygiene Ivana Kolčić, MD, PhD Medicine epidemics well known through all of the human history Until 16th century every disease in epidemic proportion
More informationClassification of Diseases
Classification of Diseases Disease Any condition that causes the systems of a plant or animal to not function properly. How diseases occur Sporadic: isolated incident in a single animal Enzootic: disease
More informationName Date Class. The Immune System. In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best answers each question.
Chapter Test A CHAPTER 37 The Immune System Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best answers each question 1 Which is an infectious disease? A
More informationChapter 10. Objectives. Describe the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases. Describe how the human body fights diseases.
Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Objectives Describe the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases. Describe how the human body fights diseases. Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Disease What
More informationAngel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015
Grade 08 Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 Biology Duration: 2 Hours Part 1 Choose the correct answer and underline it. 1) An infection disease is caused by. a)
More informationDisease Prevention and Public Health. SPC2P Biology
Disease Prevention and Public Health SPC2P Biology What is disease and should we be concerned about its prevention? A Brief History The black death (bubonic plague) killed between 30% and 60% of the entire
More informationInfection Control and Asepsis. Copyright 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Infection Control and Asepsis 1 Introduction to Infection Control Nosocomial infections are acquired by patients in some kind of health care facility Center for Disease Control (CDC), the Joint Commission,
More informationPrinciples of Disease and Epidemiology Chapter 14. Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Chapter 14 Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003 Introduction Pathology, Infection and Disease Terms: Pathogen: disease causing organism Pathology: scientific
More informationChapter 13. Preventing Infectious Diseases. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Preventing Infectious Diseases Preventing Infectious Diseases Contents Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases? Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES Ø Describe the process or chain of infection. Ø Discuss the body s defenses for fighting infection and disease
Infectious Diseases LEARNING OBJECTIVES Ø Describe the process or chain of infection Ø Discuss the body s defenses for fighting infection and disease Ø Discuss the spread of infectious disease Ø Explain
More informationPart I. Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents.
Viruses Part I Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents. History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something
More informationDescriptive Epidemiology Project: Tuberculosis in the. United States. MPH 510: Applied Epidemiology. Summer A 2014
Descriptive Epidemiology Project: Tuberculosis in the United States MPH 510: Applied Epidemiology Summer A 2014 June 1, 2014 1 The white plague affected thousands upon thousands of people in the 18 th
More informationPathogens and disease
Pathogens and disease Task 1: Have a go at completing the exam questions for 35 minutes. Task 2: Review the mark scheme and touch up on the areas we need to work on. Pathogens and disease Pathogens: Microorganisms
More informationThe History of Health Care
The History of Health Care Ancient Times Prevention of injury from predators Illness/disease caused by supernatural spirits Ancient Times Herbs and plants were used as medicine examples: Digitalis from
More informationBoston MRC Introduction to Biological Hazards Response
Boston MRC Introduction to Biological Hazards Response Julien Farland MS, RBP Director of Biological Safety Boston Public Health Commission March 25, 2015 Objectives Describe the types and classes of biological
More information1966 CDC assessment of US Health
Infectious Disease Epidemiology BMTRY 713 (A. Selassie, DrPH) Lecture 14 Emerging and New IDs Learning Objectives 1. Describe the threat of emerging and new infectious agents 2. Identify the contributing
More informationGrade 2: Historical Lesson Lesson 8: Louis Pasteur, Andrew Taylor Still, and the Digestive System
Grade 2: Historical Lesson Lesson 8: Louis Pasteur, Andrew Taylor Still, and the Digestive System Objectives: Students will obtain information about the discoveries and contribution made by Louis Pasteur
More informationAntibacterials and Antivirals
Structure of a Bacterium: Antibacterials and Antivirals Capsule: protective layer made up of proteins, sugars and lipids Cell wall: provides the bacteria with its shape and structure Cell membrane: permeable
More informationThe Immune System & Non- Infectious Disease. Ch. 18: Sections 1, 2, & 4
The Immune System & Non- Infectious Disease Ch. 18: Sections 1, 2, & 4 What is the Immune System? The purpose of the immune system is to: keep infectious microorganisms, such as certain bacteria, viruses,
More informationWhy do we Fall ill IX Science C.B.S.E. Practice Paper Page 81
13. Why do we Fall ill Q 1 Write the name of the organism that causes kala-azar. Q 2 What is a disease? Q 3 Write one example of both infectious and non-infectious disease? Q 4 Which type of disease is
More informationPublic Health, History and Achievements. Dr Faris Al Lami MBChB PhD FFPH
Public Health, History and Achievements Dr Faris Al Lami MBChB PhD FFPH Objectives Define public health. Describe conditions that existed before the advent of modern public health. Describe important achievements
More informationBellwork: How has humanity s understanding of how disease s spread changed over the course of history
Bellwork: How has humanity s understanding of how disease s spread changed over the course of history Chapter 35 - immune system and disease Section 35.1 - Infectious disease What causes an infectious
More informationIntroduction. Crowded environments where the air is re-circulated can often be heavily infected with unseen germs and viruses.
Introduction The continued increase in urbanisation,, population growth and global travel means germs and viruses can spread faster and further than ever before. Air, sea, rail and road travel have never
More informationYour Body's Defenses
Your Body's Defenses For follow up on these notes read: Holt: pages 710 720 MSLS: pages 410 420 Blue writing indicates a video is linked to the picture. Click the pictures! Links to Videos are listed on
More informationInfluenza RN.ORG, S.A., RN.ORG, LLC
Influenza WWW.RN.ORG Reviewed May, 2017, Expires May, 2019 Provider Information and Specifics available on our Website Unauthorized Distribution Prohibited 2017 RN.ORG, S.A., RN.ORG, LLC PURPOSE: This
More informationOrigins of Microbiology. A Rapid Overview
Origins of Microbiology A Rapid Overview 1 In order to have an appreciation of today's microbiological database, it is necessary to step back in time and see how Microbiology began. From earliest days
More informationA. No. There are no current reports of avian influenza (bird flu) in birds in the U.S.
Bird Flu FAQ 2 Frequently Asked Avian Influenza Questions Avian influenza in birds Q. What is avian influenza? A. Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza
More informationCourse Topics. Course Requirements. Exploring Environment and Health Connections
Exploring Environment and Health Connections Janice Camp Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health ENVH 111 September 29, 2011 http://courses.washington.edu/envh111/ Exploring
More informationChapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section Review Reviewing Key Concepts. Reviewing Key Skills
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section Review 40-1 Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following: 1. What is a disease? 2. What are three general causes of disease? 3. Name the four
More informationHumisol. This Medical discovery is largely unknown for very good reasons:
Humisol Called the missing link to optimum health and nutrition by leading scientists throughout the world, Humisol is a health miracle. Medical studies now show that it has the ability to significantly
More informationPublic Health Microbiology. CE421/521 Lecture Prof. Tim Ellis
Public Health Microbiology CE421/521 Lecture 10-03-06 Prof. Tim Ellis Pathogens and parasites Epidemiology Definitions epidemiology = study of spread of d in populations infectious disease = disease that
More informationBiology. Magic Doctor. Magic Doctor. Topic Two: Immunity. 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what?
Biology Topic Two: Immunity Magic Doctor 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what? Skin, nose, eye lashes, eyelids. 2) White blood cells and red blood cells are produced in
More informationDeveloping the next generation of infection and immunity leaders. The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
Developing the next generation of infection and immunity leaders The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Nobody can decide to discover something, but there are ways of making a discovery
More informationOPTIONAL BIOLOGY 1 STUDY PACKET IMMUNE SYSTEM SC.912.L AA
OPTIONAL BIOLOGY 1 STUDY PACKET IMMUNE SYSTEM SC.912.L.14.52 AA SC.912.L.14.52 AA Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines and
More informationDISEASE HOW ARE DISEASES SPREAD?
DISEASE HOW ARE DISEASES SPREAD? Starter: How is your body like a castle? Our skin is like the castle walls but microbes can enter through gaps in the defences AIM Can use simple physical models to show
More information