Biology. Magic Doctor. Magic Doctor. Topic Two: Immunity. 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what?

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1 Biology Topic Two: Immunity Magic Doctor 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what? Skin, nose, eye lashes, eyelids. 2) White blood cells and red blood cells are produced in bone marrow. Magic Doctor 3) Fill in the following chart. Name each type of white blood cell and describe where they go to after they are produced. Type of White Blood Cells Macrophages Location Distributed to all tissues B cells Travel to lymph nodes T cells Thymus gland go to school to learn 1

2 4. Describe the functions of each type of white blood cells. Type of White Blood Cells Functions macrophages Helper T cells Engulf and eats the invaders, phagocytosis Garbage man- clean up afterward Identify the enemies, each invader is identified by antigens B Cells in lymph nodes Killer T cell Suppressor T cell Memory T cell Produce antibodies that match the antigens Kill the whole cells, including viruses Work with antibodies to kill cells Bring an end to the fight Remember the invaders Magic Doctor 5) What is an allergy? Immune system makes a mistake and attack friendly things, e.g. flowers 6) What is autoimmune system? Immune system attack own body cell. 7) How is cancer cell developed? Own cells mutate, or caused by poison 8) What does antibiotics do? Help kill off bacterial invaders in our body 9) What is immunization? Fool immune system that body is sick, memory T cells will remember to the disease again, already have antibodies Magic Doctor 10) List a few examples of inventions that are created by scientists to improve our immune system. Attach to invaders, taking poisons to where it should be. Make decoys virus attack the wrong wbc 11) Name a few things that we can do to improve our immune system? Eat good food, exercise, relax (stress), rest, clean, No smoking/drugs/alcohol, unsafe sex and sharing needles 2

3 1. Pathogens Define Pathogen: an agent, especially a virus or a bacterium that causes disease The Human Body has many ways of defending itself against pathogens: Like in the video the Magic Doctor we can compare your body s immune system to a castle or fortress Part Role Part of Castle Fist Line of Defense Skin Protective Barrier Thick stone walls of a fortress Nasal Passages (filters) Mucous secretions (trap) prevent pathogen entry Castle Door trap pathogen Tears Stomach Acid prevent entry by destruction Archer Second Line of Defense Platelets Clot and repair damage Stonemason to skin to keep out invaders White Blood Cells Army of blood cell soldiers that attack invaders Knights Immune System 3

4 2. Spreading Disease (page 57) Droplet infection: inhaling infected droplets expelled from a sick person s lungs 2.2 Food Poisoning (page 58) Using page 58 fill in the symptoms for the three bacterium transmitted by food Bacterium Habitat Common Food Sources Salmonella Animal / human intestine Botulism Meat, fish and eggs Soil, Improperly plants, fish canned foods Symptoms Diarrhea, vomiting, chills and fever within 24 hrs. Death E. coli Feces of infected humans Meat and cheese Diarrhea and cramps Could be sever E.coli Brooks Alberta 2002: Daycare Centre A 3-year-old boy became ill with bloody diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. His symptoms progressed and he required hospitalization and renal dialysis. Three weeks later eight of the children attending the daycare centre had laboratory-confirmed E. coli O157:H7 disease. The continuous presence at the daycare centre of children who were shedding E. coli O157:H7 or who were symptomatic provided the opportunity for transmission to other children through direct contact or contaminated surfaces. What was the primary reason why this disease spread in the daycare? Unobserved toilet visits with poor hand-washing may have contributed to the spread. 4

5 2.3 Pathogens in the Bloodstream: Need to get past the first line of defense into bloodstream through a cut before platelets can seal it up Prevent transmission of pathogens into the blood stream by Washing cuts and covering with sterile bandages Needles (piercing and tattoos) Avoid tainted blood products 2.4 Vectors: Organisms that carry pathogens from one organism to another Example: Malarial parasite carried by a mosquito (vector) Mosquito saliva transmits malarial parasite when it bites Malaria is the leading worldwide cause of death and sickness 3. Science, Technology and Society 3.1 Antiseptics (page 59-60) A solution that prevents or stops microorganism growth eg. Mouthwash First antiseptic carbolic acid in late 1800s to stop post operative infections 5

6 3.2 Antibiotic (page 61) Drugs used to kill bacteria Eg. Penicillin kills bacteria by interfering with the ability to synthesize cell walls. Improper use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance 6

7 3.3 Antiviral Drug (page 62) Drug that attempts to stop spread of viruses to other cells A Virus is: a non-cellular particle consisting of a protein coat surrounding genetic material multiplies only within the cells of a living organism KILLER T- cell 7

8 Immunity Summary Assignment Vaccination Artificially developed immunity Injection of weak or dead form of pathogen initiates an immune response without patient actually getting sick Value of vaccination If invading organism reappears antibodies will be produced quickly to immobilize pathogen before a full blown infection occurs Vaccinations 8

9 Autoimmune Diseases Immune system produces antibodies against the body s own cells 9