Pneumonia Virus of Mice

Transcription

1 Pneumonia Virus of Mice Host species mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, (rabbit) Organotropism respiratory tract Clinical disease asymptomatic in euthymic animals (Smith, et al., 1984) chronic pneumonia and death in athymic (nude) mice (Richter, et al., 1988) (W eir, et al., 1988) Pathology mild necrotizing rhinitis, necrotizing bronchiolitis and nonsuppurative interstitial pneumonia Morbidity and mortality morbidity: from 20% (in mice) to 50% (in rats and hamsters) mortality: none, except in immunodefecient mice Interference with research P h ys io lo gy increases the suseptibility to diabetes induction by streptozotocin in BALB/cByJ males mice (Leiter, et al., 1988) causes significant decreases in body weights of F344/NCr rats but not of B6C3F1 mice (Rao, et al., 1989a+b) P at h ol og y produces an interstitial pneumonia with virus demonstrated in the bronchial epithelium but also in the alveolar walls and alveolar macrophages in germ-free athymic and euthymic mice (Carthew and Sparrow, 1980a+b)

2 causes hydrocephalus after intracerebral inoculation of neonatal mice (Lagace-Simard, et al., 1980) O n co lo g y lowers the prevalence of leukemia in male F344/NCr rats (Rao, et al., 1989) References Carthew, P., and S. Sparrow. 1980a. A comparison in germ-free mice of the pathogenesis of Sendai virus and mouse pneumonia virus infections. J. Pathol. 130: Carthew, P., and S. Sparrow. 1980b. Persistence of pneumonia virus of mice and Sendai virus in germ-free (nu/nu) mice. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 61: Lagace-Simard, J., J. P. Descoteaux, and G. Lussier Experimental pneumovirus infections: 1. Hydrocephalus of mice due to infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). Am. J. Pathol. 101: Leiter, E. H., P. H. Le, M. Prochazka, S. M. W orthen, and K. Huppi Genetic and environmental control of diabetes induction by multi-dose streptozotocin in two BALB/c substrains. Diab. Res. 9:5-10. Rao, G. N., J. K. Haseman, and J. Edmondson. 1989a. Influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence in Fischer 344/NCr rats on two-year studies. Lab. Anim. Sci. 39: Rao, G. N., W. W. Piegorsch, D. D. Crawford, J. Edmondson, and J. K. Haseman. 1989b. Influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence of B6C3F1 (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN) mice in carcinogenicity studies. Fund. Appl. T oxicol. 13: Richter, C. B., J. E. Thigpen, C. S. Richter, and J. M. Mackenzie, Jr Fatal pneumonia with terminal emaciation in nude mice caused by pneumonia virus of mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 38: Smith, A. L., V. A. Carrano, and D. G. Brownstein Response of weanling random-bred mice to infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). Lab. Anim. Sci. 34: W eir, E. C., D. G. Brownstein, A. L. Smith, and E. A. Johnson Respiratory disease and wasting in athymic mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 38: Author: F. Homberger

3 Sialodacryoadenitis Virus, Rat Corona Virus Host species rat Organotropism salivary and lacrimal (incl. Harderian) glands, respiratory tract Clinical disease enzootic: asymptomatic or mild conjunctivitis in suckling rats epizootic: nasal and ocular discharge, porphyrin staining, corneal ulceration, swelling of the neck, exophthalmus SDA V may persisted for at least 6 months in athymic rats (Hajjar et al., 1991; W eir et al., 1990) Pathology acute: coagulation necrosis of the ductual structure of the salivary and lacrimal glands reparative phase: squamous metaplasia of ductual and acinar structures of the salivary and lacrimal glands Morbidity and mortality morbidity: high mortality: none Interference with research P h ys io lo gy interference with studies involving eyes, salivary and lacremal glands or respiratory system (Jacoby, 1986) reduced reproduction and growth rates (Utsumi et al., 1980)

4 impairing functions such as olfaction and chemoreception for up to two weeks postexposure (Bihun and Percy, 1995) Im m u n ol og y reduction of interleukin production in alveolar macrophages (Boschert et al., 1988) causes increase of localized graft-vs.-host disease in salivary and lacrimal glands after bone marrow transplant (Rossie et al., 1988) In fe ct io lo gy increased adherence of Mycoplasma pulmonis in tracheas of infected rats (Schoeb et al., 1993) enhances lower respiratory tract disease in rats following Mycoplasma pulmonis infection (Schunk et al., 1995) O n co lo g y reduction of epidermal growth factor in submaxillary salivary gland (Percy et al., 1988) causes higher prevalence of anterior pituitary tumors in male F344/NCr rats (Rao et al., 1989) References Bihun, C. G., and D. H. Percy Morphologic changes in the nasal cavity associated with sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in the W istar rat. V et. Pathol. 32:1-10. Boschert, K.R., T.R. Schoeb, D.B. Chandler, and D.L. Dillehay Inhibition of phagocytosis and interleukin-1 production in pulmonary macrophages from rats with sialodacryoadenitis virus infection. J. Leukocyte Biol. 44:87-92 Hajjar, A. M., R. F. DiGiacomo, J. K. Carpenter, S. A. Bingel, and T. C. Moazed Chronic sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA V) infection in athymic rats. Lab. Anim. Sci. 41: Jacoby, R.O Rat coronavirus. In V iral and mycoplasmal infections of laboratory rodents. p In P. N. Bhatt, R. O. Jacoby, A. C. Morse, III and A. E. New (eds.), V iral and mycoplasmal infection of laboratory rodents: Effects on biomedical research. Academic Press, Orlando. Percy, D. H., M. A. Hayes, T. E. Kocal, and Z. W. W ojcinski Depletion of salivary gland epidermal growth factor by sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in the W istar rat. V et. Pathol. 25: Rao, G. N., J. K. Haseman, and J. Edmondson Influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence in Fischer 344/NCr rats on two-year studies. Lab. Anim. Sci. 39: Rossie, K. M., J. F. Sheridan, S. W. Barthold, and P. J. T utschka Graft-versushost disease and sialodacryoadenitis viral infection in bone marrow transplanted rats. T ransplantation 45:

5 Schoeb, T. R., M. M. Juliana, P. W. Nichols, J. K. Davis, and J. R. Lindsey Effects of viral and mycoplasmal infections, ammonia exposure, vitamin A deficiency, host age, and organism strain on adherence of Mycoplasma pulmonis in cultured rat tracheas. Lab. Anim. Sci. 43: Schunk, M. K., D. H. Percy, and S. Rosendal Effect of time of exposure to rat coronavirus and Mycoplasma pulmonis on respiratory tract lesions in the W istar rat. Can. J. V et. Res. 59: Utsumi, K., T. Ishikawa, T. Maeda, S. Shimizu, H. T atsumi, and K. Fujiwara Infectious sialodacryoadenitis and rat breeding. Lab. Anim. 14: W eir, E. C., R. O. Jacoby, F. X. Paturzo, E. A. Johnson, and R. B. Ardito Persistence of sialodacryoadenitis virus in athymic rats. Lab. Anim. Sci. 40: Author: Felix R. Homberger