International Training Veterinary Matters. Runa Hanaghan BVSc MRCVS Deputy Veterinary Director

Transcription

1 International Training Veterinary Matters Runa Hanaghan BVSc MRCVS Deputy Veterinary Director

2 INTRODUCTION Biosecurity Population management Duty of Care Quality of life Stress management

3 Biosecurity

4 BIOSECURITY Purpose: Minimise risk of infection Minimise effects of an infection Factors Affecting Spread: Incubation Excretion of infection Carriers

5 TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION Direct Indirect Zoonosis

6 Direct Transmission

7 Indirect Transmission Floors/walls Bowls/blankets Air People

8 What is a zoonosis? Zoonosis

9 How can we deal with the threat of disease?

10 Cleaning

11 CLEANING Remove all faeces Clean thoroughly Pressure hose Disinfect Leave minutes Dry

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13 AIR MANAGEMENT

14 AIR MANAGEMENT

15 AIR MANAGEMENT

16 PEOPLE Personal hygiene Hand washing Personal gels clothing

17 How to Wash Your Hands

18 Immunity FIGHTS INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS Attacks body s own cells i.e. Autoimmune disease Rejects and destroys abnormal cells e.g. cancer cells The Immune System Defends the body against Foreign (non self) antigens Reactions to allergens e.g Pollens, foods, drugs etc Rejects foreign cells e.g. Organ transplants

19 Types of Immunity Immunity Inherited Acquired Naturally Acquired Artificially

20 Naturally Acquired Immunity Active following infection (antibodies & CMI) Passive MDA via dam s milk (90%) via placental transfer

21 Artificially Acquired Immunity Active vaccine or toxoid Passive injection of antibodies (antiserum)

22 Factors Affecting Immunity Feeding Pregnancy Stress Drugs

23 INFECTION & IMMUNITY Immunity Infection

24 Rising Infection and Immunity Symptoms Immunity Infection Infection Excretion starts

25 Infection and Immunity Infection Symptoms Immunity Low infection levels Excretion starts Time

26 High and Low Levels of Infection Infection Symptoms High infection levels Immunity Low infection levels Excretion starts Time

27 MDA MATERNALLY DERIVED ANTIBODY Vaccination Low infection level Weeks

28 MDA MATERNALLY DERIVED ANTIBODY Infection Vaccination High infection levels Weeks

29 Live Vaccines Better stimulation of immune system V. rapid response More persistent level of immunity

30 Killed Vaccines Generally require two injections for primary course Require more frequent boosters NB - both must pass the same safety tests

31 Vaccination Antibody titre Live Killed Age (weeks)

32 Other Disease Risks

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34 Other Disease Risks Picture courtesy of Sue Shaw

35 Other Disease Risks

36 Other Disease Risks

37 Other Disease Risks

38 MANAGEMENT Quarantine Isolation Progression Sectioning

39 Any Questions?

40 WHY MANAGE STRAYS? Welfare Zoonoses: Rabies Toxocara/Echinococcus Enteric organisms Insect borne organisms Ringworm Public nuisance

41 MEASURING NUMBERS Mobility Lack of individual identification Catch/mark/release Calculation Alternatives

42 FACTORS AFFECTING NUMBERS Food Water Nesting spaces Birth rates Disease Mortality rates

43 METHODS OF CONTROL Killing Sanctuary Trap/neuter/release

44 NEUTERING Benefit to individual: Reproductive system disease Neoplasia Behaviour Population control Cost

45 POPULATION DYNAMICS Start 0% 70% 80% 90% pups/10yr 6 pups/10yr 6 pups/5yr 3 pups/5yr

46 MALE OR FEMALE? Males only First year - Result: Second year- Result: 10 male, 10 female, 20 dogs 60 pups produced Population 80 dogs Neuter 9 adult males 1 entire male, 9 neutered males, 10 females, 60 pups 60 more pups produced Population 140 dogs 1 very tired but happy male

47 MALE OR FEMALE? Females only First year - Result: Second year- Result: 10 male, 10 female, 20 dogs 60 pups produced Population 80 dogs Neuter 9 adult females 10 males, 9 neutered females, 1 entire female, 6 pups 6 pups produced Population 86 dogs

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50 Any Questions?

51 DUTY OF CARE An animal s needs: for a suitable environment for a suitable diet to be able to exhibit normal behaviour patterns to be housed with, or apart from, other animals to be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease

52 The Five Freedoms Freedom from hunger and thirst Freedom from discomfort Freedom from pain, injury and disease Freedom to express normal behaviour Freedom from fear and distress

53 QUALITY OF LIFE Animal s feelings Relationship to welfare Affected by: Housing Exercise Companionship Feeding Measurement

54 CASE STUDIES SANCTUARY

55 CASE STUDIES SANCTUARY

56 CASE STUDIES SANCTUARY

57 CASE STUDIES SANCTUARY

58 CASE STUDIES SANCTUARY

59 Questions so far?

60 STRESS MANAGEMENT Mental stimulation Social interaction humans Toys Drugs Nutraceuticals

61 SUMMARY Biosecurity down to you Population management down to your relationships Duty of care your management Quality of life needs more work