Chapter X. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
|
|
- Mae Golden
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter X. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli X.1 Overview Campylobacter are microaerophilic gram-negative curved or spiral rods with a polar flagellum. Gastroenteritides are typically caused by C. jejuni and C. coli.(havelaar et al. 2009) It can cause acute self-limited diarrhea in healthy humans with an incubation period of 2-3d, and appears very common worldwide. It is mainly a zoonosis, being primarily associated with birds (especially poultry). They do not grow in water and (like Escherichia coli) are an indicator of post-treatment contamination in water distribution systems. According to feeding studies with chickens, strains of C. jejuni that have been passaged many times in the laboratory tend to have lower ID 50 s than strains that are isolated from infected hosts and then used to infect new hosts, with minimal passage (Chen et al. 2006). Minimally passaged strains also had more variation in ID 50 (Chen et al. 2006). Given safety concerns, strains used for human studies may be passaged and studied more, possibly underestimating infectiousness in actual human exposure scenarios (Chen et al. 2006). Campylobacter epidemiology varies greatly between the developed and underdeveloped world, probably due to development of immunity early in life. Illness is rare after about 5 years of age (or earlier) in developing countries, but occurs among adults in industrialized countries, probably because they avoided exposure (and therefore immunity) in childhood.(havelaar et al. 2009) However, immunity appears to protect against disease rather than infection, and asymptomatic shedding is common.(havelaar et al. 2009) In a comparison of Mexican children <4y and Swedish patients (ages not given), Swedish patients tended to carry only 1 Campylobacter serotype, while mixed serotypes were common among Mexican children (42%).(Sjögren et al. 1989) X.2 Summary of data Blaser et al. (1983) experimentally infected adult female HA-ICR mice intragastrically with 3 different serotypes of C. jejuni (strains T1, T2, and T3). Chen et al. (2006) describe dose response models fitted to data from feeding studies in chickens with 19 different strains (18 C. jejuni, 1 C. coli). They found that isolates that had been passaged multiple times in the laboratory were more infectious than isolates taken from infected animals and reused with minimal passaging. Also, one passaged strain (11168) was substantially less infectious than the other passaged strains, which all had very similar dose response curves. Black et al. (1988) fed human volunteers 2 different strains ( and A3249) of C. jejuni suspended in 150 ml nonfat milk. Neither strain showed an increasing trend of illness with dose. The A3249 strain showed an increasing trend of infection with dose; however, all volunteers became infected with the strain regardless of dose. The data describing infection with the A3249 strain were fit by Medema et al. (1996), Teunis et al. (1999), and later elaborated by Teunis et al. (2005) by including information from 2 outbreaks of C. jejuni in contaminated milk.
2 Additional feeding experiments regarding these strains may be in Black 1992 (requested by KSE on interlibrary loan). Tribble et al. (2009) experimentally infected humans with the CG8421 strain of C. jejuni. However, only 2 doses were used, and all but 1 volunteer became ill. Tribble et al. (2010) experimentally infected humans with strain of C. jejuni, one of the strains used by Black et al. (1988). Although Black et al. (1988) administered the dose in milk, Tribble et al. (2010) administered the dose in a solution containing 2g of bicarbonate. All volunteers were infected, but a dose response trend was seen in the development of disease. See also Stellbrink & Dahms 2004, in German, for other model fits. Table X.X: Summary of dose response models Experiment Reference Host Pathogen Route Dose Response Best fit Optimized ID 50 number type type units model parameters Animal hosts 184 Blaser et al., 1983 Mouse T1 strain intragastric CFU Exponential k = 9.01E E α = 3.19E-01 Blaser et Beta- Mouse T2 strain intragastric CFU N al., 1983 Poisson 50 = 6.68E E Human hosts Blaser et al., 1983 Black et al Tribble et al Mouse T3 strain intragastric CFU Human Human A3249 strain strain oral (in milk) oral (with NaHCO3) CFU CFU Disease Beta- Poisson Beta- Poisson Beta- Poisson α = 1.17E-01 N 50 = 3.14E+04 α = 1.44E-01 N 50 = 8.90E+02 α = 1.66E-01 N 50 = 1.23E E E E+05
3 MODEL 184. Campylobacter jejuni (T1 strain for serotype PEN 1) given to mouse hosts by the intragastric route; response is infection. Dose (CFU) Total 1.00E E E E E Blaser et al Model Value DF Χ 2 p Χ 2, 1 DF p exponential beta-poisson Conclusion: Exponential fits better than beta-poisson; cannot reject good fit for exponential. Table X.X: Parameters (k) and values (ID50) for the best fit model; percentiles from 10 5 bootstrap iterations or value estimate 0.50% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5% k 9.01E E E E E E E-06 ID E E E E E E E+07 Figure X.X. Histogram showing uncertainty of k parameter estimates (bootstrap realizations). Figure X.X. Exponential model plot, with
4 MODEL 185. Campylobacter jejuni (T2 strain for serotype PEN 2) given to mouse hosts by the intragastric route; response is infection. Dose (CFU) Total 1.00E E E E E Blaser et al Model Value DF Χ 2 p Χ 2, 1 DF p exponential beta-poisson Conclusion: Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-poisson. Table X.X: Parameters (α& N50) for the beta-poisson model, percentiles from 10 5 bootstrap iterations estimate 0.50% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5% α 3.19E E E E E E E+03 N E E E E E E E+05 Figure X.X. Scatterplot showing uncertainty of α & N 50 parameter estimates (bootstrap realizations). Figure X.X. Beta-Poisson model plot, with
5 MODEL 186. Campylobacter jejuni (T3 strain for serotype PEN 3) given to mouse hosts by the intragastric route; response is infection. Dose (CFU) Total 1.00E E E E E Blaser et al Model Value DF Χ 2 p Χ 2, 1 DF p exponential beta-poisson Conclusion: Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-poisson. Table X.X: Parameters (α& N50) for the beta-poisson model, percentiles from 10 5 bootstrap iterations estimate 0.50% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5% α 1.17E E E E E E E-01 N E E E E E E E+06 Figure X.X. Scatterplot showing uncertainty of α & N 50 parameter estimates (bootstrap realizations). Figure X.X. Beta-Poisson model plot, with
6 MODEL 106. Campylobacter jejuni (strain A3249) given to human hosts by the oral route (in milk); response is infection. Dose (CFU) Total 8.10E E E E E E Black et al Model Value DF Χ 2 p Χ 2, 1 DF p exponential beta-poisson Conclusion: Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-poisson. Table X.X: Parameters (α& N50) for the beta-poisson model, percentiles from 10 5 bootstrap iterations estimate 0.50% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5% α 1.44E E E E E E E-01 N E E E E E E E+04 Figure X.X. Scatterplot showing uncertainty of α & N 50 parameter estimates (bootstrap realizations). Figure X.X. Beta-Poisson model plot, with
7 MODEL 188. Campylobacter jejuni (strain ) given to human hosts by the oral route (w. 2g NaHCO3); response is campylobacteriosis. Dose (CFU) Total 1.00E Model 1.00E Value DF Χ 2 p Χ 2, 1 DF p 1.00E exponential Tribble et al beta-poisson Conclusion: Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-poisson. Table X.X: Parameters (α& N50) for the beta-poisson model, percentiles from 10 5 bootstrap iterations estimate 0.50% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5% α 1.66E E E E E E E+00 N E E E E E E E+07 Figure X.X. Scatterplot showing uncertainty of α & N 50 parameter estimates (bootstrap realizations). Figure X.X. Beta-Poisson model plot, with
8 References Black, R.E. et al., Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 157(3), pp Blaser, M.J. et al., Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection of adult mice. and Immunity, 39(2), pp Chen, L. et al., Dose response for infectivity of several strains of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis, 26(6), pp Havelaar, A.H. et al., Immunity to Campylobacter: its role in risk assessment and epidemiology. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(1), pp Medema, G.J. et al., Assessment of the dose-response relationship of Campylobacter jejuni. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 30(1-2), pp Sjögren, E., Ruiz-Palacios, G. & Kaijser, B., Campylobacter jejuni isolations from Mexican and Swedish patients, with repeated symptomatic and/or asymptomatic diarrhoea episodes. Epidemiology and, 102(1), pp Stellbrink, E. & Dahms, S., [Dose-response-models and their implications for quantitative risk assessment for Campylobacter infections]. Berliner Und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 117(5-6), pp Teunis, P. et al., A reconsideration of the Campylobacter dose-response relation. Epidemiology and, 133(4), pp Teunis, P.F., Nagelkerke, N.J. & Haas, C.N., Dose response models for infectious gastroenteritis. Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis, 19(6), pp Tribble, D.R. et al., Campylobacter jejuni strain CG8421: a refined model for the study of Campylobacteriosis and evaluation of Campylobacter vaccines in human subjects. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 49(10), pp Tribble, D.R. et al., Assessment of the duration of protection in Campylobacter jejuni experimental infection in humans. and Immunity, 78(4), pp
Chapter 3 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
3.1 Overview Chapter 3 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Campylobacter are microaerophilic gram-negative curved or spiral rods with a polar flagellum. Gastroenteritides are typically caused by
More informationChapter 4 Coxiella burnetii
Chapter 4 Coxiella burnetii 4. General overview of Coxiella burnetii and Q fever Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of Q fever. C.
More informationChapter 23 Lassa virus. Lassa virus is a RNA virus belonging to the family of Arenaviridae. As the causative agent of
Chapter 23 Lassa virus 23.1 General overview of Lassa virus and hemorrhagic fever Lassa virus is a RNA virus belonging to the family of Arenaviridae. As the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever, Lassa
More informationBacillus anthracis. Summary Data
Bacillus anthracis Overview: Bacillus anthracis and Anthrax Bacillus anthracis is a rod shaped gram negative bacterium which is the causative of a multi-symptom disease anthrax. There are three main types
More informationDose response relationships for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods
Dose response relationships for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods Roland Lindqvist 5th ASEPT International Conference of risk analysis and Listeria monocytogenes March 17-18, 2004 LAVAL - France
More informationCampylobacter jejuni
U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Campylobacter jejuni 1. Name of the Organism: Campylobacter jejuni
More informationLimitations of Risk Assessment Based on Non Fit-For Purpose/Invalidated Laboratory Methods
Limitations of Risk Assessment Based on Non Fit-For Purpose/Invalidated Laboratory Methods Robert L. Buchanan Center for Food Safety and Security Systems College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University
More informationRisk analysis of foodborne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Suphachai Nuanualsuwan DVM, MPVM, PhD1
Risk analysis of foodborne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Suphachai Nuanualsuwan 1 Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is major global public health concern & food safety issue Risk Analysis :-
More informationTop 8 Pathogens. Print this document and study these pathogens. You will be better prepared to challenge the ADVANCED.fst exam.
Top 8 Pathogens The top 8 pathogens outlined in this document often cause foodborne illness in Canada. Take particular note of the bolded/underlined sections, as they are especially important. Print this
More informationA quantitative microbial risk assessment of helminth ova in reusing sludge for agricultural production in developing countries
Risk Analysis VI 65 A quantitative microbial risk assessment of helminth ova in reusing sludge for agricultural production in developing countries I. Navarro 1, B. Jiménez 1, E. Cifuentes 2 & S. Lucario
More informationCampylobacter: the actual status and control options
Campylobacter: the actual status and control options Prof. Jaap A. Wagenaar, DVM, PhD Dept. Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
More informationEffect of Host Species on the Dose Response of Inhaled Bacillus anthracis Spores
Effect of Host Species on the Dose Response of Inhaled Bacillus anthracis Spores Mark H. Weir E.I.T. Dr. Charles N. Haas Drexel University Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering
More informationChapter 1 The Public Health Role of Clinical Laboratories
Chapter 1 The Public Health Role of Clinical Laboratories A. Epidemic Diarrhea The two most common types of epidemic diarrhea in developing countries are watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup
More informationEnhancing animal health security and food safety in organic livestock production
Enhancing animal health security and food safety in organic livestock production Proceedings of the 3 rd SAFO Workshop 16-18 September 2004, Falenty, Poland Edited by M. Hovi, J. Zastawny and S. Padel
More informationWYANDOT COUNTY 2016 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT
WYANDOT COUNTY 216 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT February 217 Wyandot County saw a.87% increase in communicable disease cases from 21 to 216 (11 cases and 116 cases respectively). Numerous infectious diseases
More informationCampylobacter Antigen ELISA Kit
Campylobacter Antigen ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA3204 96 assays Version: 01 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle
More informationCampylobacter ENTERITIS SURVEILLANCE PROTOCOL
Campylobacter ENTERITIS SURVEILLANCE PROTOCOL Public Health Action 1. Educate providers and laboratories to report stool cultures positive for Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli from patients within
More informationEpidemiology of Diarrheal Diseases. Robert Black, MD, MPH Johns Hopkins University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationWYANDOT COUNTY 2018 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT. The communicable disease summary of reportable infectious diseases for January 2018 December 2018.
WYANDOT COUNTY 2018 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT The communicable disease summary of reportable infectious diseases for January 2018 December 2018. TABLE OF CONTENTS Annual Communicable Diseases... 3 Communicable
More informationBacterial Enteric Pathogens: Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, and others
GUIDE TO INFECTION CONTROL IN THE HOSPITAL CHAPTER 48 Bacterial Enteric Pathogens: Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, and others Authors Olivier Vandenberg, MD, PhD Michèle
More informationSalmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter
1 Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Salmonella and enteritis Salmonellae are often pathogenic for humans or animals when acquired by the oral route. They are transmitted from
More informationTrue Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella
Lec. 6 Oral Microbiology Dr. Chatin True Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella General Characteristics of Salmonella جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان Coliform bacilli
More informationThose Pathogens, What You Should Know
Those Pathogens, What You Should Know Ted F. Beals, MS, MD Short 1 We are at war over our Food Most of us here are convinced that what we eat, and why we choose is our responsibility, not the responsibility
More informationWYANDOT COUNTY 2016 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT
WYANDOT COUNTY 216 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT February 217 Wyandot County saw a.87% increase in communicable disease cases from 21 to 216 (11 cases and 116 cases respectively). Numerous infectious diseases
More informationOverview of 2015 Zoonoses Data
1 Overview of 2015 Zoonoses Data Introduction Zoonoses are diseases and infections naturally transmissible between animals and humans. Transmission may occur via direct contact with an animal or indirect
More informationImproper Storage. Haley Johnson Skylar Lowden Danielle Brown Luke Hall Jarrett Wyman Block 2
Improper Storage Haley Johnson Skylar Lowden Danielle Brown Luke Hall Jarrett Wyman Block 2 First In,First Out The first in first out rule means that you should use food in the order that it is delivered.
More informationUNION COUNTY 2017 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT
UNION COUNTY 7 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT The communicable disease summary of reportable infectious disease for January 7 December 7. TABLE OF CONTENTS Annual Communicable Diseases... 3 Communicable
More informationInvestigations of Foodborne Diseases by Food Inspection Services in The Netherlands, 1991 to 1994
442 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 60, No.4, 1997, Pages 442-446 Copyright, International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians Review Investigations of Foodborne Diseases by Food Inspection
More informationShigella spp. ! Gram negative, rod-shape! Non-motile! Non spore forming bacteria
Shigellosis ! Gram negative, rod-shape! Non-motile! Non spore forming bacteria Shigella spp.! Facultative anaerobic bacteria!rarely occurs in animals! Principle disease of humans excepts other primates
More informationFoodborne Disease in the Region of Peel
Foodborne Disease in the Region of Peel HIGHLIGHTS The incidence of selected foodborne diseases was generally higher in Peel than in Ontario between 1993 and 22. A higher incidence was observed in Peel
More informationWhat is Campylobacter?
The Society of Hygiene and Technology What is Campylobacter? Campylobacter species cause more reported cases of food-borne diarrhoea in the UK and Europe than any other bacteria, including Salmonella.
More informationTraining in Infectious Diseases Modeling. A reflection on vaccination as a disease control measure
Training in Infectious Diseases Modeling A reflection on vaccination as a disease control measure -Example of Rotavirus disease- Participant s Guide Adapted by Nathalie Elomeiri; Camelia Savulescu; Fernando
More informationFrom Experimental Infections in Animals to Quantifying Subtypes in Foods: Data Collection for L. monocytogenes Dose-Response
From Experimental Infections in Animals to Quantifying Subtypes in Foods: Data Collection for L. monocytogenes Dose-Response Yuhuan Chen, Ph.D. FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Overview
More informationAlberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011
August 2011 Campylobacteriosis Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) August 2011 August 2011 October 2005 Case
More informationin control group 7, , , ,
Q1 Rotavirus is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis among young children. Each year, rotavirus causes >500,000 deaths worldwide among infants and very young children, with 90% of these deaths occurring
More informationOverview. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control Actions to take
Newcastle Disease Exotic Newcastle Disease, Pseudo-Fowl Pest, Pseudovogel-Pest, Atypical Geflugelpest, Pseudo-Poultry Plague, Avian Pest, Avian Distemper, Ranikhet Disease, Tetelo Disease, Korean Fowl
More informationGastroenteritis Outbreaks Including Norovirus. Module 7
Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Including Norovirus Module 7 Learner Outcomes By the end of this module you will be able to: Outline the case definition for a gastroenteritis outbreak. Explain the difference
More informationVibrios, short curved rods
Vibrios, short curved rods We are accustomed to characterizing bacteria as cocci (spheres), bacilli (rod-shaped), or spirillum (corkscrew shaped). However, we have noted spirochetes as curved with special
More informationE. coli O157:H7 shedding in beef cattle. Jane Heller, Geraldine Lammers and Craig McConnel
E. coli O157:H7 shedding in beef cattle Jane Heller, Geraldine Lammers and Craig McConnel Overview Background on E.coli O157:H7 Supershedding of E.coli O157:H7 Overview of collaborative study - MLA Future
More informationFood Safety. Professor Christine Dodd Division of Food Sciences
Food Safety Professor Christine Dodd Division of Food Sciences Chemical Prions Allergens Food Safety Bacterial Disease Mycotoxins Natural Toxicants Are you a statistic? Show symptoms of diarrhoea &/vomiting
More informationOverview of 2014 Zoonoses Data
1 Overview of 2014 Zoonoses Data Introduction Zoonoses are diseases and infections naturally transmissible between animals and humans. Transmission may occur via direct contact with an animal or indirect
More informationQuantitative risk assessment of food borne pathogens a modeling approach
4 Quantitative risk assessment of food borne pathogens a modeling approach E.G. Evers, M.J. Nauta, A.H. Havelaar and A.M. Henken Introduction There is always a certain probability that the consumption
More informationAntibacterial activity and mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles on C. jejuni
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles on C. jejuni Yiping He Yanping Xie Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, USDA-ARS ZnO It is stable under high temperatures
More informationRe: Campylobacter Infection (Campylobacteriosis) Reporting and Case Investigation
Public Health and Primary Health Care Communicable Disease Control 4th Floor, 300 Carlton St, Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9 T 204 788-6737 F 204 948-2040 www.manitoba.ca November, 2015 Re: Campylobacter Infection
More informationCholera Clinical Guidelines. OAHPP Rounds January 11, 2011 Vanessa G. Allen MD FRCPC Medical Microbiologist
Cholera Clinical Guidelines OAHPP Rounds January 11, 2011 Vanessa G. Allen MD FRCPC Medical Microbiologist Overview Cholera clinical guidelines Development and review process Content Reference for diagnosis,
More informationIPCVA, Buenos Aires - 7 December Infections with Shiga toxin producing E.coli (STEC): emerging issues and reflections on the global food trade
IPCVA, Buenos Aires - 7 December 2012 Infections with Shiga toxin producing E.coli (STEC): emerging issues and reflections on the global food trade Alfredo Caprioli EU Reference Laboratory for Escherichia
More informationPREMIUM QUALITY FEED-ENHANCER SPECIES GENEX POULTRY POULTRY. Cleaner feed, improved productivity
PREMIUM QUALITY FEED-ENHANCER GENEX SPECIES POULTRY POULTRY Cleaner feed, improved productivity Background With the advent of greener, more environmentally friendly farming practices there has been a distinct
More informationFood Microbiology. The good, the bad and the ugly 10/13/13. Good-bacteria are important in food production. Bad-some bacteria cause food poisoning
Food Microbiology The good, the bad and the ugly Good-bacteria are important in food production Bad-some bacteria cause food poisoning Ugly-some bacteria cause food spoilage Some factors that influence
More informationSwine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in China
Community for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases CEZD EMERGING DISEASE RISK PROFILE This document is a product of the Community for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases. It is a preliminary assessment, and may be
More informationReport Zoonosi. Unità campionata. Peso
: Anno: Brucella animal * * * * * Wildlife-antelope- Cantabrian chamois 5 Wildlife-deer-red- Wildlife-deer-roe- Wildlife-wild boars Totali per area 'animal' (VALLE D AOSTA) 9 Totali per zoonosi Brucella
More informationUse of Microbial Risk Assessment in Decision-Making
Use of Microbial Risk Assessment in Decision-Making Slide show on: /firstmicrobial.htm Note the 2 l s! David Vose Consultancy 24400 Les Lèches Dordogne France David Vose's secretary Email David Vose Introduction
More informationLECTURE topics: 1. Immunology. 2. Emerging Pathogens
LECTURE 23 2 topics: 1. Immunology 2. Emerging Pathogens Benefits of the Normal Flora: 1. Protect us from colonization by other bacteria and fungi (competitive exclusion). 2. Many synthesize vitamins,
More information6/19/2014. Typhoid fever disease burden estimates. Methods: Revisiting the global burden of typhoid fever. Methodology- Ivanoff et al.
Typhoid fever disease burden estimates Methods: Revisiting the global burden of typhoid fever Dr. Vittal Mogasale, MBBS, MPH, PhD International Vaccine Institute Ivanoff et al. (1994): 16.6 million cases
More informationAvian Influenza (Bird Flu) Fact Sheet
What is an avian influenza A (H5N1) virus? Influenza A (H5N1) virus also called H5N1 virus is an influenza A virus subtype that occurs mainly in birds. It was first isolated from birds (terns) in South
More informationThe Global Burden of Foodborne Disease: Overview and Implications. Arie Havelaar on behalf of FERG
The Global Burden of Foodborne Disease: Overview and Implications Arie Havelaar on behalf of FERG Summary FERG: why, what, how? Global overview of burden of foodborne disease Regional differences Policy
More informationFOOD SAFETY. USDA Should Take Further Action to Reduce Pathogens in Meat and Poultry Products
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Requesters March 2018 FOOD SAFETY USDA Should Take Further Action to Reduce Pathogens in Meat and Poultry Products GAO-18-272 March
More informationGastroenteritis Viruses Prof. Mary K. Estes
Gastroenteritis Viruses Mary K. Estes, Ph.D. Professor of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine-GI, BCM Director, Texas Medical Center DDC 1 Outline Gastrointestinal viruses Rotaviruses Noroviruses
More informationCoccidiosis in Game Birds: Part III
Coccidiosis in Game Birds: Part III Penelope S. Gibbs 1, grant author and help with trials, Penelope.gibbs@ndsu.edu Lawrence McDougald 2, Study Director, lrmcd@uga.edu 1 North Dakota State University 2
More informationSimplified Modeling Framework for Microbial Food-Safety Risk Assessments
Food Safety and Inspection Service Simplified Modeling Framework for Microbial Food-Safety Risk Assessments Michael Williams Risk Assessment and Analytics Staff Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA
More informationCholera. By Cate Turner. Name Common Name: Cholera Etiologic agent: V ibrio cholerae (1)
Cholera By Cate Turner Name Common Name: Cholera Etiologic agent: V ibrio cholerae (1) Transmission Vibrio cholerae i s transmitted by the fecal-oral route by infection of epithelial cells in the small
More informationVIRAL GASTRO-ENTERITIS
VIRAL GASTRO-ENTERITIS Dr Esam Ibraheem Azhar (BSc, MSc, Ph.D Molecular Medical Virology) Asst. Prof. Medical Laboratory Technology Department ١ Gastroenteritis Introduction (1) Paediatric diarrhoea remains
More information33. I will recommend this primer to my colleagues. A. Strongly Agree D. Disagree B. Agree E. Strongly Disagree C. Neither agree nor disagree
27. The primer increased my ability to recognize foodborne illnesses and increased the likelihood that I will consider such illnesses in my patients. 28. The primer increased my knowledge and skills in
More informationWaterborne Pathogens from Non-Human Sources and their Public Health Implications
Waterborne Pathogens from Non-Human Sources and their Public Health Implications Valerie J. Harwood, Ph.D. Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida SCCWRP Microbial Source Tracking
More informationGERMANY Population 1999: Population 2000: Area: km 2
WHO Surveillance Programme for Control of Foodborne Infections and Intoxications in Europe Country Reports: Germany BfR GERMANY Population 1999: 82 163 5 Population 2: 82 259 5 Area: 357 21 km 2 1. General
More informationSuggestions to prevent / control Respiratory Disease Complex in poultry
Suggestions to prevent / control Respiratory Disease Complex in poultry Dr. J. L. Vegad Adviser Phoenix Group 201/15, Gorakhpur, Jabalpur - 482001 Introduction Today, respiratory disease complex has emerged
More informationHost-Pathogen Interactions in Campylobacter Infections: the Host Perspective
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, July 2008, p. 505 518 Vol. 21, No. 3 0893-8512/08/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/cmr.00055-07 Copyright 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Host-Pathogen
More informationA Study to detect the seasonal effect of chickenpox in Bangladesh
STATISTICA ÎN ALTE ŢĂRI: A Study to detect the seasonal effect of chickenpox in M. O. Ullah, M.Sc. in Biostatistics, Assistant professor M. J. Uddin, M.Sc. in Statistics, Assistant professor Dr. M. Rahman,
More informationPersonal Injury TYPES OF HOLIDAY ILLNESSES.
TYPES OF HOLIDAY ILLNESSES Whilst on holiday many different contractable illnesses exist, the list below contains the most common. This list is by no means exhaustive and if you have suffered from an illness
More information(Data from the Travel Health Surveillance Section of the Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre)
Travellers Diarrhoea Introduction Travellers diarrhoea (TD) is a syndrome that commonly affects travellers caused by one of several different organisms, the most common being enterotoxigenic Escherichia
More informationList of Figures. 3.1 Endsley s Model of Situational Awareness Endsley s Model Applied to Biosurveillance... 64
List of Figures 1.1 Select Worldwide Disease Occurrences in Recent Decades... 5 1.2 Biosurveillance Taxonomy... 6 1.3 Public Health Surveillance Taxonomy... 7 1.4 Improving the Probability of Detection
More informationSection 1 - Short answer questions on knowledge of epidemiology terms and concepts. (Each question is worth 2 points)
Team Name/Number: Names of Team Members: Section 1 - Short answer questions on knowledge of epidemiology terms and concepts. (Each question is worth 2 points) 1. Name the three components of the epidemiological
More informationMaricopa County Department of Public Health Outbreak Summary Report
Maricopa County Department of Public Health 29 Outbreak Summary Report Office of Epidemiology April 2 Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide a general overview of the disease outbreak investigations
More informationAdvisory on Gastroenteritis
10 December 2018 Advisory on Gastroenteritis Background Singapore has seen a spate of four food poisoning outbreaks since November 2018, affecting more than 400 people. The most serious involved a fatality,
More informationPCR Campylobacter jejuni C. coli
Jpn. J. Food Microbiol., 28(3), 186 192, 2011 PCR Campylobacter jejuni C. coli 22 12 16 23 6 30 Evaluation of Selective Enrichment Media for Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli by Real-Time PCR
More informationThe 12 Most Unwanted Bacteria
The 12 Most Unwanted Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni Most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the U.S. especially in young children. Raw milk, untreated water, raw and undercooked meat, poultry or shellfish.
More informationEpidemiology of Food Poisoning. Dr Varun malhotra Dept of Community Medicine
Epidemiology of Food Poisoning Dr Varun malhotra Dept of Community Medicine Definition Public Health Importance Epidemiology of Food poisoning Investigation of an Outbreak Prevention & Control Measures
More informationEpidemiology, diagnosis and control of Toxoplasma gondii in animals and food stuff
Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of Toxoplasma gondii in animals and food stuff Aize Kijlstra Rome 2009 Toxoplasmosis is a neglected disease entity Disease burden is similar to salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis
More informationAnimal Industry Report
Animal Industry Report AS 659 ASL R2759 2013 Controlling Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobactor jejuni, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Meat Products by Irradiation Combined
More informationDiarrhea. Donald P. Kotler, MD
Diarrhea Donald P. Kotler, MD 1 1 2 2 3 3 Intestinal mucosa Large surface area Stable ionic microenvironment Epithelial cell turnover Epithelial cell maturation Structural and functional adaptations Epithelial
More informationDiarrhea. Donald P. Kotler, MD
Diarrhea Donald P. Kotler, MD 1 1 Intestinal mucosa Large surface area Stable ionic microenvironment Epithelial cell turnover Epithelial cell maturation Structural and functional adaptations Epithelial
More informationFood Microbiology 101
Food Microbiology 101 Nina G. Parkinson NGP Consulting November 6, 2018 Food Safety and Sanitation Conference Summary Microbiological contamination of food Routes of contamination by pathogens Overview
More informationGuidance for obtaining faecal specimens from patients with diarrhoea (Background information)
Guidance for obtaining faecal specimens from patients with diarrhoea (Background information) Version 1.0 Date of Issue: January 2009 Review Date: January 2010 Page 1 of 11 Contents 1. Introduction...
More informationGI Bacterial Infections (part-1)
GI Bacterial Infections (part-1) Mohammed Abdulla Mehdi FIBMS (internal medicine), FIBMS (Gastroenterology & Hepatology) Acute diarrhea and vomiting Acute diarrhea, sometimes with vomiting, is the predominant
More informationEffect of efflux pump inhibitors on antimicrobial resistance and in vivo colonization of Campylobacter jejuni
Effect of efflux pump inhibitors on antimicrobial resistance and in vivo colonization of Campylobacter jejuni J. Lin & M. Ensminger Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
More informationINTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION a Society that includes Basic Science, the Failing Heart, and Advanced Lung Disease
International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Advisory Statement on the Implications of Pandemic Influenza for Thoracic Organ Transplantation This advisory statement has been produced by the
More informationYersiniosis rev Apr 2017
rev Apr 2017 BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent Yersinia species, a Gram negative bacilli. Y. enterocolitica is the species most commonly associated with human infection. Y. pseudotuberculosis infection
More informationEmerging food-borne zoonoses
Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2004, 23 (2), 513-533 Emerging food-borne zoonoses Introduction J. Schlundt (1), H. Toyofuku (2), J. Jansen (2) & S.A. Herbst (3) (1) Director, Food Safety Department,
More informationBiological Hazards Module 3
1 - Objectives - Describe salmonellosis and typhoid fever (salmonella) Recognize symptoms of exposure Describe treatments available Develop a response plan 2 - Salmonellosis Definition - Severe lower GI
More informationArchiving of food samples from restaurants and caterers
Archiving of food samples from restaurants and caterers Fumiko Kasuga National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan (National Institute of Infectious Diseases) An example of data collection for Hazard Characterization
More informationInfluenza. Gwen Clutario, Terry Chhour, Karen Lee
Influenza Gwen Clutario, Terry Chhour, Karen Lee Overview Commonly referred to as the flu Defined as a highly contagious viral infection where it starts at the upper respiratory tract and attacks the nose,
More informationPredictive Modeling for Risk Assessment of Microbial Hazards
A D V A N C E S I N P A T H O G E N R E D U C T I O N Predictive Modeling for Risk Assessment of Microbial Hazards THOMAS P. OSCAR * Risk assessment models of meat animal production and processing systems
More informationZoonosis = an infection or infestation which is shared in nature by man and lower vertebrate animals.
Zoonosis = an infection or infestation which is shared in nature by man and lower vertebrate animals. For the purposes of this presentation, "zoonotic disease" will be defined as a disease that is caused
More informationPoultry Disease Manual Characteristics And
Poultry Disease Manual Characteristics And Control Of Infections Written by: Dr. Jacquie Jacob, University of Kentucky Pullorum disease, also called Infection by Salmonella pullorum has also been reported
More informationAP STATISTICS 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP STATISTICS 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Intent of Question The primary goals of this question were to assess students ability to (1) apply terminology related to designing experiments; (2) construct
More informationHepatitis A Case Investigation and Outbreak Response. Terrie Whitfield LPN Public Health Representative
Hepatitis A Case Investigation and Outbreak Response Terrie Whitfield LPN Public Health Representative Training Objectives Provide an overview of HAV epidemiology Present reporting criteria and HAV case
More informationRISK ASSESSMENT OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN BROILER CHICKENS
M I C R O B I O L O G I C A L R I S K A S S E S S M E N T S E R I E S 11 RISK ASSESSMENT OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN BROILER CHICKENS INTERPRETATIVE SUMMARY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
More informationAVIAN ZOONOTIC MICROBIAL PATHOGENS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CAMPYLOBACTER, E. coli AND SALMONELLA IN FREE-RANGE CHICKEN
AVIAN ZOONOTIC MICROBIAL PATHOGENS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CAMPYLOBACTER, E. coli AND SALMONELLA IN FREE-RANGE CHICKEN BY JKN KURIA AVIAN ZOONOTIC DISEASES Avian zoonotic diseases can be divided into
More informationGastroenteritis and viral infections
Gastroenteritis and viral infections A Large number of viruses are found in the human gut; these include some that are associated with gastroenteritis Rotaviruses Adenoviruses 40/41 Caliciviruses Norwalk-like
More informationPublic Health Risks of Consuming Raw Milk Products - Surveillance and Prevention Efforts in the United States
Public Health Risks of Consuming Raw Milk Products - Surveillance and Prevention Efforts in the United States Casey Barton Behravesh, DVM, DrPH, DACVPM LCDR, US Public Health Service Enteric Diseases Epidemiology
More information