The Geography of Disease

Transcription

1 The Geography of Disease Bubonic Plague 1. Label your first map Bubonic Plague 2. Read the symptoms of Bubonic Plague and draw a picture of a person with the plague in the Symptoms box on your first map. The distinguishing symptom is the appearance of buboes, which are bulges from swollen lymph nodes that most commonly appear in the groin and arm pits, and sometimes the neck. Other symptoms include delirium, vomiting, severe headaches, bleeding in the lungs, severe pain in the gastrointestinal tract and lower limbs, inability to tolerate bright light, blackening of hands and feet, foul body odor and mental disorientation. 3. The Plague spread across Europe and Asia in the 1300s; in the Dates box write 1300s 4. The disease was spread by rats and fleas. The disease lived in rats and was spread from the rats to humans by fleas. In the vector box draw a rat and flea 5. Bubonic Plague originated in rodent populations in Northern China, Draw a rat and write start 6. During the 1300s the Mongol Empire stretched from Ukraine in the west to Iraq in the south, to China in the east, in the middle of Asia write Mongol Empire in large letters. 7. Trade between Europe, the Middle East, and China was very common during the Mongol Empire, merchants traveled regularly along the Silk Road, use the map below to draw the Silk Road in on your map. The Silk Road 8. Plague spread along the Silk Road with merchants. Rats hid in the saddle bags of merchants that traveled along the Silk Road, as the rats spread so did the disease. Draw one arrow from your rat in China along the Silk Road to Antioch and another from the rat to the Black Sea 9. From Antioch the Plague Spread to Yemen, draw an arrow from Antioch to Yemen through the Red Sea

2 10. From the Black Sea the Plague spread to Europe, Russia, and North Africa, draw one arrow from the Black Sea to the middle of Russia, draw another arrow from the Black Sea to Italy then from Italy to the center of Europe, from the center of Europe draw one to Britain, Norway and Iceland, draw a third arrow from the Black Sea to North Africa. 11. By the time the Disease ran its course, it killed ¼ of the population of Europe, in Europe draw a skeleton and write ¼ dead 12. Today the Plague can be found in rodent populations around the world, use the map to identity where in the world plague can still be found, on your map draw a rat in each area where plague is found 13. Today the Plague can be treated and offers only a limited threat to humans. Small Pox 1. Label your second map Small Pox 2. Read the symptoms of Small Pox and draw a picture of a person with small pox in the Symptoms box on your first map The initial symptoms of smallpox, 7 to 17 days after exposure, include the acute onset of fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting and severe muscle aches. This stage generally lasts for two to four days and can be accompanied by flushing of the skin. By the fourth day of illness, the fever drops and the characteristic smallpox rash appears. The rash starts out flat or slightly thickened spots (known as macules) and quickly progresses to raised spots (known as papules). These papules continue to enlarge and become filled with a clear fluid, then referred to as vesicles. The fluid in the vesicles gradually changes from clear to puslike, and the lesions are then referred to as pustules. During the pustule stage, a fever is common and the pustules start to form into scabs. Over time, the dried scab material falls off of the skin. This entire process takes three to four weeks, and the areas affected by the rash can be permanently scarred. 3. Small Pox spread across the world from 1350 BCE to 1977; in the Dates box write 1350 BCE to 1977

3 4. The disease originated in cattle and spread to humans thousands of years ago. The disease is spread from person to person. In the vector box draw a cow and a person. 5. Small Pox originated in the Middle East when early humans lived in very close proximity to Cattle (cows often lived in the house with people), draw a cow in the Middle East and write start 6. The first major outbreak of Smallpox was in Egypt in around 1300 BCE, we know this because the mummy of Ramses V has scares from the bumps Smallpox causes. Draw an arrow from your cow to Egypt, draw a mummy in Egypt 7. By 1000 CE Smallpox spread all over Europe, Asia, and Africa and commonly killed children throughout these areas, When a disease becomes common and generally only affects children it is referred to as endemic, the reason endemic disease don t generally affect adults is because the adults were exposed as children and acquired immunity. From your cow in the Middle East, draw arrows to the center of each of the continents, at the end of the arrows write endemic 8. A major outbreak of small pox occurred in the 1500s when Spanish Explorers (Columbus) introduced the disease to North and South America. The Native Americans did not have any immunity to the disease and as a result they died in massive numbers. In 1518 ½ of the native population of the Island where Haiti is located died, find this island and write ½ dead 1518 on it. 9. By the end of the 1500s about one in three Native Americas were dead from small pox, in Mexico write 1/3 dead 1500s and in South America write 1/3 dead 1500s 10. In 1793 the British intentionally distributed Small Pox infected blankets to Native Americas during the French and Indian War, the British were fighting the Indians and hoped a Small Pox outbreak would weaken their army, it worked. In the United States draw a blanket and label it biological weapon In 1789 Small Pox was introduced to Australia for the first time, it killed ½ of to the native population, in Australia write ½ dead In 1796 a vaccine is invented for Small Pox in Britain, in Britain draw a syringe and label in the World Health Organization starts a campaign to vaccine the world, draw a syringe on each continent and label it Small Pox is declared eradicated (ended), in the Atlantic Ocean write Small Pox totally gone, 1979 Cholera 1. Label your third map Cholera 2. Read the symptoms of Cholera and draw a picture of a person with the plague in the Symptoms box on your first map Most people exposed to the cholera bacterium don't become ill and never know they've been infected. Yet because they shed cholera bacteria in their stool for seven to 14 days, they can still infect others. Most people who become sick with cholera experience only mild or moderate diarrhea that's often hard to distinguish from diarrhea caused by other problems. Only about one in 10 infected people develops the typical signs and symptoms of cholera, which include: Severe, watery diarrhea. The incubation time for cholera is brief usually one to five days after infection. Diarrhea comes on suddenly. Cholera diarrhea often is voluminous, flecked with mucus and dead cells, and has a pale, milky appearance that resembles water in which rice has been rinsed (rice-water stool). What makes cholera diarrhea so deadly is the loss of large amounts of fluids in a short time as much as a quart an hour. Nausea and vomiting. Occurring in both the early and later stages of cholera, vomiting may persist for hours at a time. Muscle cramps. These result from the rapid loss of salts such as sodium, chloride and potassium. Dehydration. This can develop within hours after the onset of cholera symptoms far more quickly than in other diarrheal diseases. Depending

4 on how much body fluids have been lost, dehydration can range from mild to severe. A loss of 10 percent or more of total body weight indicates severe dehydration. Signs and symptoms of cholera dehydration include irritability, lethargy, sunken eyes, a dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry, shriveled blue/gray skin that's slow to bounce back when pinched into a fold, little or no urine output, low blood pressure, and an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). Shock. Hypovolemic shock is one of the most serious complications of cholera dehydration. It occurs when low blood volume causes a drop in blood pressure and a corresponding reduction in the amount of oxygen reaching your tissues. If untreated, severe hypovolemic shock can cause death in a matter of minutes. 3. Cholera spread across the world from in the 1800s; in the Dates box write 1800s 4. The disease originated in dirty water and spread to humans. The disease is spread when infected people allow their fecal matter to contaminate drinking water. In the vector box draw a toilet floating in water. 5. Cholera originated in the India in the 1800s, draw a sick person standing in water in India and write start 6. Cholera spread rapidly all over India as people fled the outbreaks and infected drinking water all over India, draw arrows in all directions from your sick person 7. From India, the disease was spread by infected people traveling on steam ships, from India draw and arrow to Egypt and draw a boat next to it, write outbreak in Egypt; draw a second arrow to China and draw boat next to this one as well, write outbreak in China. 8. From Egypt Cholera spread to Europe, draw an arrow from Egypt to Europe, write outbreak in Europe 9. Cholera killed about 100,000 people in London, in Britain write 100,000 dead 10. The deaths in London were the results of a contaminated water supply; the water company in London was pumping water from the same river that the city used to dump sewage, in Britain draw a glass with brown water in it 11. From Europe Cholera spread to the US, draw an arrow from Europe to the US 12. Many countries today protect their people from Cholera by chlorinating their water supply, this kills the bacteria that causes it, in the US, Europe and North Asia draw a bottle of Clorox 13. In countries where clean water is unavailable Cholera remains a problem, write Cholera in center of Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia Influenza 1. Label your fourth map Influenza 2. Read the symptoms of Influenza and draw a picture of a person with the plague in the Symptoms box on your first map Normal flu symptoms of fever, nausea, aches and diarrhea. Many developed severe pneumonia attack. Dark spots would appear on the cheeks and patients would turn blue, suffocating from a lack of oxygen as lungs filled with a frothy, bloody substance. 3. Influenza spread across the world in1918; in the Dates box write The disease originated in birds and spread to humans. The disease was air born and spread from person to person. In the vector box draw a bird and a person. 5. Influenza originated in the US in the 1918, draw a bird in US and write start

5 6. World War I was being fought in Europe in 1918 and large numbers of troops from all over the world were being sent to fight in Europe, including Americas. American troops from Kansas spread the disease from the US to Europe, draw an arrow from your bird to Europe 7. The War was drawing to a close as the Americas, French, Italians, and British defeated the Germans, Austro- Hungarians, and Ottomans in As the war drew to a close the soldiers began to return to their homes. Write World War I/Influenza Outbreak in Europe 8. In the early part of the 1900s the French, British, Germans, and Italians had large empires in Africa and Asia as a result large numbers of men from Asia and Africa came to Europe to help win the war. When the war ended these men returned home and brought Influenza with them, draw arrows from Europe to Africa, India, Australia and China and write outbreak on every continent. 9. The epidemic killed between 20 and 40 million people in a single year, the largest number of people ever killed in a single epidemic, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean write 20 to 40 million dead world wide HIV 1. Label your fifth map HIV 2. Read the symptoms of HIV and draw a picture of a person with the plague in the Symptoms box on your first map 1. Rapid weight loss 2. Dry cough 3. Recurring fever or profuse night sweats 4. Profound and unexplained fatigue 5. Wollen lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck 6. Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week 7. White spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat 8. Pneumonia 9. Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids 10. Memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders % with HIV develop AIDS in ten years % with HIV develop AIDS in fourteen years 13. Of those with AIDS, 94% are dead in five years The next HIV AIDS symptoms stage begins when the immune system starts to break down. This is often preceded by subtle mutations in the virus, during which it becomes more aggressive in damaging white cells. Several glands in the neck and armpits may swell and remain swollen for more than three months without any explanation. This is known as persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (PGL). 3. HIV spread across the world from 1980 to day; in the Dates box write 1980 to day 4. The disease may have originated in monkeys and spread to humans but this is uncertain. The disease is spread from person to person by the exchange of bodily fluids which most commonly occurs as a result of unprotected sex or intravenous drug use. In your vector box draw a person with a needle 5. HIV s origins are unclear, some scientists argue that it originated in Africa and then spread to the US. In Africa write start? 6. Others believe that the disease has existed for years all over the world and became a really problem in San Francisco in the late 1970s. In San Francisco write start?

6 7. When HIV hit San Francisco s homosexual male community it spread quickly, in % of the community s population was HIV positive, by % of the community s population was HIV positive. Near San Francisco draw an 8. Around the same time HIV began to spread on the island of Haiti, draw a in Haiti 9. After the initial outbreak in the US, HIV continued to spread among homosexual males, intravenous drug users, and recipients of blood transfusions. Draw 3 arrows to the northeast, east, and southeast from San Francisco 10. Air travel allowed the virus to spread around the world relatively quickly, draw an airplane on each continent and write arrival of HIV 11. Although infection rates are declining in the US as a result of better education, the disease continues to spread, look at the graph below, in which groups has the number of infections steadily increased from 1981 to 2000?, in the US write your answer with a, in which groups has there been a rapid decline in the number of infections? write this answer in the US with a Homosexual Men Drug Users

7 12. While the new infection rate in the US has declined, HIV continues to be a huge problem in other parts of the world, use the map below to determine where HIV infections are most common, color the three areas where HIV is most common red. 13. Write a short (2 paragraph) thesis driven essay that answers: Analysis the changes and continuities in the causes and consequences of epidemic disease around the world from 1200 to present.

8 Symptoms: Vector: Dates

9 Symptoms: Vector: Dates

10 Symptoms: Vector: Dates

11 Symptoms: Vector: Dates

12 Symptoms: Vector: Dates

13 Symptoms: Vector: Dates Analysis the changes and continuities in the causes and consequences of epidemic disease around the world from 1200 to present.

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