Preventing Sexual Transmitted Diseases
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1 Preventing Sexual Transmitted Diseases Chapter 12 Card game Lie
2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexuality is an intrinsic part of human nature and affects many things People are not always honest about their past sexual relationships Abstinence, voluntarily refraining from all sexual acts, will ensure NOT contracting a sexually transmitted disease
3 Safer Sex Sexual contact in a mutually monogamous relationship with two uninfected partners is as effective as abstinence Serial monogamy is monogamy with a single partner for as long as the relationship lasts Since serial relationships are of varying duration, risk for an STD can be very high
4 Safer Sex There is no such thing as safe sex with multiple partners With precautions, people having sex with multiple partners can reduce their risk of contracting an STD Anyone who is sexually active with multiple partners should be checked for STDs every 3 to 6 months
5 STD Epidemiology More than 19 million people contract an STD every year 25% of all new cases occur among teenagers 50% of STD cases occur in people between age 15 and 25 Women under age 24 become infected with STDs more readily than older women
6 Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) leads to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) HIV can be transmitted by people with the virus who have no observable symptoms May have no symptoms for 10 years or more. Extreme fatigue. Rapid weight loss. Frequent lowgrade fevers and night sweats. Frequent yeast infections (in the mouth). Red, brown, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids. Women can have vaginal yeast infections and other STDs, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and menstrual cycle changes. There is no cure.
7 HIV and AIDS HIV is extremely fragile and does not survive in air The CDC reported 41,287 cases of AIDS in the U.S. among people age By 2002, an estimated 501,669 people with AIDS in the U.S. had died
8 HIV and AIDS There is no documented case of HIV being spread through casual contact The cost to treat one AIDS patient is about $119,000 Home tests are available for HIV; positive home tests should be followed up by the ELISA or Western blot technique Watch this video.
9 HIV and AIDS There is no cure for HIV and AIDS Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, including treatment with protease inhibitors, have dramatically improved survival rates Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by painful blisters on and around the genital area
10 Other Viral Diseases Herpes The herpes virus remains dormant in the body, and breakouts can recur at any time Herpes can be transmitted to newborns during the birth process Hepatitis Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver Of the five distinct types of hepatitis, hepatitis B is considered the most serious and is sexually transmitted Mild fever. Headache and muscle aches, joint pain. Tiredness. Loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting. Dark-colored urine and pale bowel movements. Stomach pain. Skin and whites of eyes turning yellow (jaundice). About 30% of people have no symptoms. Treatment inlcudes taking a medicine to help the liver fight damage from the virus. There are medications available to treat long-lasting (chronic) HBV-infection. These work for some people, but there is no cure for hepatitis B when you first get it.
11 Cont Genital Warts Caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1 in 10 Americans may be carried the virus Genital warts that usually first appear as small, hard painless bumps on the penis, in the vaginal area, or around the anus. They sometimes can be hard to see, but if left untreated can turn into a fleshy, cauliflowerlike appearance. Some people have no apparent symptoms. HPV is linked with a higher risk of cervical cancer in women.
12 Other Viral Diseases Of the 56 different varieties of HPV, some are closely linked to cervical cancer and cancers of the rectum, vulva, skin, and penis
13 Bacterial Diseases Females frequently do not experience symptoms of bacterial STDs and often go undiagnosed Chlamydia An estimated 2.8 million new cases of Chlamydia occur each year Untreated, chlamydia can be passed to babies during birth, cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or arthritis, and damage the heart muscle and valves Abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina, pain in the testicles, and burning with urinating.
14 Gonorrhea Bacterial STD Pain or burning when urinating. Yellowish and sometimes bloody discharge from the penis or vagina. But, many men have no symptoms. Can be completely cured, but can be caught again, especially if both sex partners aren't treated. Untreated, gonorrhea can cause the same problems as chlamydia, as well as liver, brain, and spinal cord problems
15 Annual STD Incidence New Cases
16 Bacterial Diseases Syphilis Has the ability to mimic other diseases and is referred to as the great imitator Primary syphilis is characterized by a chancre at the site of entry of the bacteria into the body
17 Syphilis Secondary syphilis may cause flu-like symptoms, headaches, swollen glands, low-grade fever, skin rash, white patches in the mouth and throat, hair loss, arthritis, and large sores around the mouth and genitals Latent syphilis has few or no symptoms Tertiary syphilis (15 to 20 years later) usually leads to death
18 Preventing Sexual Transmitted Diseases Chapter 12
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