Methods and technique of endoscopic research of ENTorgans. Clinical anatomy and. physiology of auditory analyzer. Study 1
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1 Methods and technique of endoscopic research of ENTorgans. Clinical anatomy and physiology of auditory analyzer Study 1
2 Auditory analyzer consists of: Auricle Middle ear Inner ear Peripheral Part Transmitting ways Central Part Central part
3
4 Auricle Collects sounds Helps to identify the direction of sound Increases the high frequency sound sensibility
5 External auditory passage (canal) 3 cm long S - Form 1/3 cartilaginous (membranous) Cerumen (Earwax) glands Increases sounds 2і3osseous
6 Middle ear Tympanic cavity Mastoid cells Auditory tube
7 Middle ear anatomy
8 Tympanic cavity Divided into 3 parts (floors) There are 6 walls There are 3 bones and 2 muscles
9 External auditory passage (canal)
10 Tympanic membrane lateral wall
11 Age anatomy of tympanic membrane In adults In children
12 Tympanic membrane Is a thin membrane and consists of 3 layers Separates external auditory canal from the tympanic cavity Is vibrating under influence of sound waves and transmitting oscillations to osteones. Is the main increaser of transformational mechanism of middle ear.
13
14 Mastoid process Cells of mastoid are the passive air reserve of middle ear
15 Osteones A: malleus B: incus C: stapes Are the smallest bones of human body Are functioning as a general lever mechanism Increase the sound pressure to the liquids of inner ear Defend the inner ear structures from the loudest sounds
16 Слухо тру Consists of membranous and osseous parts Does the barofunction Opens during swallowing and gaping
17 Auditory (Eustachian) tube
18
19 Inner ear
20 Cochlea Sound waves endo- and perilymph vibration chemical reaction electric impulse T Or
21 Spiral (Corti) organ The sound-perceptive part of auditory analyzer The transformation of mechanical vibration into the electric impulse
22 Hair cells Outer cells, inner cells Outers 4 times less numerous than inners Outer cells are more sensitive for sound vibrations (~40 db) Mechanic vibration leads to the affecting mediators, which correspond with reacting of nerve cells
23 Age anatomy of auditory tube Children s Adult s
24 Frontal rhinoscopy
25 Oropharyngoscopy
26 Laryngoscopy
27 Auricle examination
28 Otoscopy
29 Auditory tube examination Normal picture of auditory tube ostium
30 Auditory tube examination Adenoid vegetation in auditory tube ostium
31 Auditory tube examination Enlarged posterior end of nasal turbinate which coved the auditory tube ostium
32 Auditory tube examination Hypertrophy of auditory tube tonsill
33 Auditory tube examination Allergic aedema in mucose of auditory tube ostium
34 Auditory and vestibular analyzer research Study 2
35 Tuning fork examination
36 Tuning fork examination
37 Inner ear anatomy
38 Auditory analyzer research
39 З є, є2ї-2їїїї 1їїї-3їїї 8ї-90 є,
40
41 З 1. З 2. є є 3. є 4. Х 5. З 6. В Ти и х х я и и і і 6
42
43 Hear cells reaction + 0 mv -30mV + +
44 є н н н є є
45 Transmitting ways of auditory analiser First neuron bipolar cells of spiral ganglion second neuron ventral and dorsal nucleus of medulla Third neuron olive complex Forth neuron medial geniculate body
46 є л є є є л є тd
47 Anatomy and physiology of vestibular analyzer
48 З, є є є є. є є, є
49 є т є є
50 Vestibular apparatus
51 Vestibular apparatus
52 Hear cells steriocillies one kinocillium
53 Cupula Crista ampullaris consists from sensorial and supporting cells
54 Semicircular cells in rotation З є є є л є
55 Otolitics apparatus and gravitation
56 Vestibular connections
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