Prevalence of consanguineous marriage among parents of deaf and normal children in Ardabil, North Western Iran

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1 Audiol. 2012;21(2): Research Article Prevalence of consanguineous marriage among parents of deaf and normal children in Ardabil, North Western Iran Shahrooz Nemati, Gholam Ali Afrooz, Ali Asgari, Bagher Ghobari Bonab Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran Received: 11 August 2011, accepted: 18 December 2011 Abstract Background and Aim: Having healthy non-handicapped children plays a major role in mental health of the family and decreases family and society s costs. While consanguineous marriage could lead to expression of recessive genes and a variety of handicaps including deafness, the aim of present study was to scrutinize the prevalence of consanguineous marriage among parents of deaf and normal children as well as its relationship with deafness. Methods: In this study, 467 couples parenting normal children were selected by cluster sampling from elementary, guidance and high schools of Ardabil city and 423 couples parenting disabled children were selected non-randomly among which 130 had deaf children. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence of consanguineous marriage and chi-square test to compare prevalence of consanguineous marriage among parents of normal and deaf children. Results: Descriptive analyses showed that 80 out of 130 (61.54%) parents who had deaf children have had consanguineous marriage. Furthermore data analysis demonstrated that prevalence of consanguineous marriage was significantly higher among parents of deaf children (p<0.001). Conclusion: Consanguineous marriage plays a major role in expression of recessive genes and could lead to development of various handicaps including deafness. Increasing couples awareness about consequences of consanguineous marriage and conducting genetic counseling are indispensable. Keywords: Prevalence, consanguineous marriage, deafness Corresponding author: Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran, Jalale Ale-Ahmad Blvd, Tehran, , Iran. Tel: , E- mail: shahrooz.nemati@ut.ac.ir

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4 69!" #$ %& "I! Gunaid X# 47 40) ;1! (1996 "I! (1986 "I! Al Awadi X# 54/4) C1 (2004.C) c (2000 Patton! Rajab X# 35/9) (! 1Z ) IB\. / # w1+ ;1 ;1 #!1H IL!#. Ae C) a1 ;c "1 I $21 1 A1 }I A"*1 #! &)! #E) %/ (! w1+ D# A # #!!1H L!#. A AX # (A IBI!V0 2.## % L! fh $,*IZ CZ 50 bn1 A ## $1*+ $)*+nn) T*. # C) $"%M ( C'( A $N( $/ $1*+ BI X# In).(13)## # ( zu!1h L!#. A w'%\ 1! $N( $/ 1 $D% O. C) ;" $1*+ IL!#. AU)! A $1*+. X# 61/54.+. (A IA%Z1 S BI!V0 #!1H!1H IL!#. A $r* # $1*+ $)*+nn) $N)* %/! *$ 1u #$ WX # #1. A # %)! 1 #!1H L!#.. ' # c -.#.)$ FIZ C)c A<)u% L!#. P'U I0 i # ;!.! AE *$ % *+F $I `U).Z D % A!1H A'. ICD'E O.,0 # $ B $.* <1 $1*+ Wc%H A C) CD'E l1 $1*+ A"*1 A A IW! + G# # %<!. + # %H ( z G# $'_ CZ0 C1 #! $(% $rn!1h L!#. A ## BI!V0 ;1 a1%.#d$ *;:' ;" $"%M (! # % *+.B# ;1D! # N] $"%M i!.* <1 $1*+.! # $ B C).)$ ga!s L!#.. # A C) % A%+#!1H[ L!#. ;1D! A.(p<0/001)# #$*E 0/01. % `U) FG&! # (A/1h$'() #1!v0 O. S BI!V0 # < 467 yr ;1 #.CZ &K # %)+ # G# 423! A+H A WXA #( G# < 130 A %) $%/1! $1*2%) Y. $1*2%) $) #! + P\% $Z#[ WXA # *+ # $1*+ O+ A I#$ a1%.*%z ] A CN/ A%+#!1H L!#. ;1D! A $#.(p<0/001)c) % #( # ;1D!! $z IK*I #K1 # $\I ( A K. IL!#. bc%! ##!Z zu $/! $*I{! $N( "1# L!#. *$ 1 $'( ;*e.!!1h $ (ADH/0hADH%H# (/0h(%H# *) \I %/ A%+d I/ # A #+ $1I.! ( IL!#.. $1c X# S BI!V0 #.(2)# a1%.+ I *+.B# ;1D! #!1H + # (2002) "I! Egeli IA%Z1 BI!V0 ;1 L!#. *+ # ;1D! X# 50. B A A N%) BI!V0 # ;*ji.(14)## $\I A%+#!1H $%/ ( i#h 3212! (1995) "I! El-hazmi 44/1!1H L!#. X# 57/7 ;. A C) + - X# 14 #!! l1#!1h IL!#. # X# S BI!V0 a1%.(5)c) #!#!1H L!#. # %)+ #!1H IL!#. O+ A ## A!H TU* I A/1 # A C) X# 61/54 Abdel-! Mokhtar - Y) X# 68). *. AU* I T.! C) % (2001 ) # Fattah X# 58/1) # P* (X# 57/7) %/ ( A'! Bener X# 50/5) W (2003 Ohtsuka! Sueyoshi

5 70 #(! *+ # ;1D!! # %) # IA1) $#]! " # 1 BI!V0 ;1 &K # A.F1# #H18I8 -!0! -. &%_ 'E! cp/ W..! $1 #.;1+ H-H X 1] $1*2%)! #( Pd p/ Y*+ $%E $'( Y*. ;*ji REFERENCES 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Economic costs associated with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss and vision impairment--united states, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53(3): Corry PC. Intellectual disability and cerebral palsy in a UK community. Community Genet. 2002;5(3): Zlotogora J, Hujerat Y, Barges S, shalev SA, chakravarti A. The fate of 12 recessive mutations in a single village. Ann Hum Genet. 2007;71(Pt 2): Mokhtar MM, Abdel-Fattah MM. Consanguinity and advanced maternal age as risk factors for reproductive losses in Alexandria, Egypt, Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(6): el-hazmi MA, al-swailem AR, Warsy AS, al- Swailem AM, Sulaimani R, al-meshari AA. Consanguinity among the Saudi Arabian population. J Med Genet. 1995;32(8): Sueyoshi S, Ohtsuka R. Effects of polygyny and consanguinity on high fertility in the rural Arab population in South Jordan. J Biosoc Sci. 2003;35(4): Bener A, Abdulrazzag YM, al-gazali LI, Micallef R, al-khayat AI, Gaber T. Consaguinity and associated sociodemographic factors in the United Arab Emirates. Hum Hered. 1996;46(5): Abdulrazzag YM, Bener A, al-ghazali LI, al- Khayat AI, Micallef R, Gaber T. A study of possible deleterious effects of consanguinity. Clin Genet. 1997;51(3): Gunaid AA, Hummad NA, Tamim KA. Consanguineous marriage in the capital city Sana'a, Yemen. J Biosoc Sci. 2004;36(1): Al-Awadi SA, Naguib KK, Moussa MA, Farag TI, Teebi AS, el-khalifa MY. The effect of consanguineous marriages on reproductive wastage. Clin Genet. 1986;29(5): Rajab A, Patton MA. A study of consanguinity in the Sultanate of Oman. Ann Hum Biol. 2000;27(3): Mehrabi Kushki A, Zeighami B. The effect of consanguineous marriages on congenital malformation. J Res Med Sci. 2005;10(5): Jamal TS, Daghistani KJ, Zakzouk SS. Impact of consanguinity on childhood hearing impairment in a Saudi population. J King Abdulaziz Univ Med Sci. 2002;10(1): Egeli E, Ciçekci G, Silan F, Oztürk O, HarputluoLlu U, Onur A, et al. Etiology of deafness at the Yeditepe school for the deaf in Istanbul. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(5), Hejazi M, Afrouz GhA, Sobhi A. Biological, psychological and social characteristics of parents with more than one exceptional child. Journal of Psychology and Education. 2009;39(2): Persian.

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