Psychological Disorders 16.4 Schizophrenia Period: Skelton Notes. A. Sufferers of schizophrenia often have difficulty using to communicate.

Transcription

1 Psychological Disorders Name: 16.4 Schizophrenia Period: Skelton Notes I. Introduction A. Sufferers of schizophrenia often have difficulty using to communicate. B. This confused language may result because schizophrenia affects the, which is used to form. C. Psychologists are making progress in furthering our understanding of schizophrenia the most and psychological problem we encounter. II. What is Schizophrenia? A. is a problem of, but it also involves,, and functions. B. Schizophrenia affects 1 in people worldwide (British Columbia Schizophrenia Society, 1997), but the odds increase to 1 in if schizophrenia is already in the family. C. Schizophrenia involves confused and disordered and. D. With schizophrenia, a person s thought processes are somewhat disturbed, and the person has lost contact with to a considerable extent. E. Schizophrenia is not a single ; it has no single or. F. Schizophrenia is a collection of that indicates an individual has serious difficulty trying to meet the demands of. G. Many people with schizophrenia experience and. A person with schizophrenia may show a number of other symptoms as well including:, or a marked decline in thought processes., or emotions that are inappropriate for the circumstances. a severe in normal, which may occur as slowed movement, non- movement, or as highly agitated behavior. a marked decline in previous levels of.

2 III. Types of Schizophrenia? A. Psychologists classify schizophrenia into several subtypes including: 1. The type, involves hallucinations and delusions, including grandeur. 2. People with the type may remain motionless for long periods. 3. Symptoms of the type include incoherent language, inappropriate emotions, giggling for no apparent reason, generally disorganized motor behavior, and hallucinations and delusions. 4. The diagnostic label type is applied to anyone whose symptoms are completely gone or still exist but are not severe enough to have earned a diagnosis of schizophrenia in the first place. 5. The type encompasses the basic symptoms of schizophrenia. IV. Treatment of Schizophrenia? A. Schizophrenia is a very complex condition, and treatment is and usually requires. B. Long- term institutionalization sometimes leads to a patient who is one who is unlikely to function normally in society. C. Although from schizophrenia is possible, no real cure for schizophrenia exists. V. Causes of Schizophrenia? A. There are many on the cause of schizophrenia, and just as certainly, there is. B. In all likelihood, the ultimate cause is an interaction of,, and factors. C. The suggests that too much of the chemical dopamine is to blame. However, it is difficult to tell if chemical differences are the cause or result of the condition. D. The - suggests that a person may inherit a tendency toward schizophrenia. However, for schizophrenia to develop a person must be exposed to an with certain stressors (a bad family life for example).

3 VI. Major Depressive Disorder A. We all experience swings and even occasional is a common experience. However, some people get the sense that their depression will go on and that there is nothing they can do to change it. B. People with, also known as, spend at least two weeks feeling depressed, sad, anxious, tired, upset, and less able to function. Symptoms like these are normal with the loss of a loved one, but if symptoms occur at other times they may suggest the presence of a major depressive disorder. C. To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder an individual must exhibit problems with at least four of the following: VII. Bi- Polar Disorder A. Another type of mood disorder is (formally called manic- depressive disorder), in which individuals are excessively and inappropriately or. These reactions may take the form of high elation ( phase), hopeless depression ( phase), or an alternation between the two. B. In the manic phase, a person experiences, extreme,, and racing. C. In the depressive phase, the individual is overcome by feelings of,,, and. D. Some people experience episodes of a manic- type or depressive- type reaction, separated by long intervals of relatively behavior.

4 E. Others exhibit almost no behavior, cycling instead from periods of manic- type reactions to equally intense depressive- type reactions. F. Some theorists have speculated that the manic periods serve as an attempt to ward off the underlying of the depressive periods. G. Others believe that can be traced to the same disorder responsible for depression. VIII. Seasonal Affect Disorder (SAD) A. There are people who develop a deep in the midst of. B. These people are victims of, or SAD. C. People suffering from SAD tend to and excessively during their depressed periods. D. Researchers have proposed that the hormone may play a role. E. The less available (in winter), the more melatonin is secreted by the brain s gland. F. Research supports the idea that daily exposure to light, especially with a tint, is effective in treating the depressive symptoms of seasonal affective disorder [SAD]. IX. Impacts of Mood Disorders A. Psychological factors underlying mood disorders include certain traits, amount of support, and the ability to deal with situations. B. Researchers are currently searching for possible that cause mood disorders. (Biological causes) C. Researchers are also looking at factors and faulty structure and function as possible causes. (Genetic and Biological Causes together)

5 X. Suicide and Depression A. Statistics show that every year more than Americans end their lives about 1 every minutes. B. More than men attempt suicide, but more than women succeed. C. Suicide is most common among the but also ranks as the second most common cause of death among students. D. Not all people who commit suicide are, and not all depressed people attempt suicide. E. People may take their lives for any number of.