Writing with purpose. Make IT real and simple. On the Medicine Wards for Medical Students, Interns, and Residents

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1 Writing with purpose Make IT real and simple On the Medicine Wards for Medical Students, Interns, and Residents Omar S. Darwish, MS, DO Health Science Assistant Professor Coordinator of the M&M Dept of Med Hospitalist University of California, Irvine

2 Objectives History and Physical Medicine Admission Note Progress Note Discharge Note 2 Department of Medicine

3 Objectives (I) For the H/P notes In the history section, focus your documentation on the elements of the complaint in addition to providing a comprehensive exam, also documenting pertinent positives and negatives in your exam providing a problem lists that reflects the active issues and the stability of the comorbidities and providing an active plan 3 Department of Medicine

4 Writing notes Tell us how you really feel Tiresome, Monotonous, Boring Time Consuming No one reads it anyway Gets in the way of patient care 4 Department of Medicine

5 Problem Failure to Communicate Active Plans of the Day Failure to Keep up with the Note Failure to Reflect The Amount of Work Done Barriers High Turnover High Census Academic commitments and too many necessary/unnecessary Interruptions 5 Department of Medicine

6 Change of attitude READ MY NOTES 6 Department of Medicine I WANT TO SHOW OFF MY KNOWLEDGE & ACTIVITY

7 History Section of the H/P and Progress Note H&P Document (Comprehensive History) Progress Note (Detailed History) Focus on the Elements of the Chief Complaint or the reason for admission. (Stop Writing the List of Past Medical Problems) PMH Connection Are there prior Hospitalization 10 System ROS: A few needs to be documented, but then the statement all other systems are negative needs to follow. PMH/Surgical History, Family History (CANNOT WRITE NONCONTRIBUTORY), Social History Daily assessment of how their chief complaint is doing. Great place to ask the patient if they are in pain (rate it, where is it, associated symptoms) and are pain meds helping ROS: At least 2 are needed Detailed Hx: 4 HPI elements or the status of 3 chronic medical problems + 2 ROS Comprehensive Hx: Same as above except + 10 ROS + Complete PFSH 7 Department of Medicine

8 EXAM Section of the H/P and Progress Note H&P Document (Comprehensive Exam) 1 bullet from each of the organ systems (8 pts) Example: Vitals: BP 120/80, HR 60, RR 23, T 98.6 General: NAD, alert and oriented x 3 Constitutional System 1 bullet for vital signs, 1 bullet for general appearance Progress Note (Detailed Exam) 5 bullets from any organ system Progress Note (Expanded Problem Focused Exam) 2-4 bullets from any organ system Vital signs: 120/80, P 67, RR 18, T 38 (constitutional +1) Gen: NAD (psycho +1) and A&O x 3 (neuro + 1) Heart: RRR no m (cardio + 1) Lungs: CTAB (pulm + 1) 8 Department of Medicine

9 Imaging and EKG Cutting and Pasting Imaging Findings & Impressions are Discouraged. Best thing to write is your interpretation, then if you are in agreement or question radiologist impression Why? Clutters the progress notes & for Discharge Summaries abnormalities listed maybe become a LIABILITY Example: CXR: my interpretation R large pleural effusion consistent with radiology impression 9 Department of Medicine

10 Assessment/Plans By far the most difficult section to write 10 Department of Medicine

11 Medical Decision Making (MDM) Overall MDM Problem Points Data Points Risks Straightforward 1 1 Minimal Low 2 2 Low Moderate 3 3 Moderate High 4 4 High For High MDM; Requires 2 out of the 3 of the following 1) Four Problem Points 2) Four Data Points 3) High Risk 11 Department of Medicine

12 Problem Points Problems Points Self-limited or minor 1 Established problem, stable or improving 1 Established problem, worsening 2 New problem, with no additional workup- planned 3 New problem, with additional workup planned 4 Example: 1. Atrial Fibrillation with RVR- etiology from HTN, hemodynamically stable, new diagnosis 2. Type 2 Diabetes with peripheral neuropathy stable, at hospitalized blood sugar goal on Lantus 30 U/day and Neurontin 300 bid. 3. Hypertension with cardiac disease- controlled on Norvasc 5 mg qday 4. Moderate Risk for DVT on Lovenox 40 SQ day. 6 pts Overall Plan/ For new Atrial Fibrillation, start Metoprolol 25 bid, check thyroid panel, obtain echocardiogram, start NOAC 12 Department of Medicine

13 Data Points 13 Department of Medicine Data Reviewed Points Review or order clinical lab tests 1 Review or order radiology test (except heart cath or echo) 1 Review or order medicine test (PFTs, EKG, cardiac echo or cath) 1 Discuss test with performing physician 1 Independent review of image, tracing or specimen 2 Decision to obtain old records 1 Review and summation of old records 2 Example: 1. Atrial Fibrillation with RVR- etiology from HTN, hemodynamically stable, new diagnosis 2. Type 2 Diabetes with peripheral neuropathy stable, at hospitalized blood sugar goal on Lantus 30 U/day and Neurontin 300 bid. 3. Hypertension with cardiac disease- controlled on Norvasc 5 mg qday. 2 pts 4. Moderate Risk for DVT on Lovenox 40 SQ day Overall Plan/ For new Atrial Fibrillation, start Metoprolol 25 bid, check thyroid panel, obtain echocardiogram, start NOAC

14 Risk: Requires ONE element in ANY of the following three categories 1. Type of Presenting Problem (MODERATE: e.g. mild COPD exacerbation; HIGH: acute hypoxic hypercapnic respiratory failure due to COPD) 2. Type of Diagnostic Procedure (MODERATE: EGD without risk factors; HIGH: EGD with risk factors) 3. Type of Management Options (MODERATE: Prescriptions; HIGH: Prescriptions requiring close monitoring 14 Department of Medicine

15 So How Should We Write the Note? An integrated problem lists with or without a line plan Adding a Discussion paragraph maybe needed to explain a complicated case Ending with an overall plan that shows current activity for that day 15 Department of Medicine

16 Example 1: of a Note on Day Department of Medicine

17 Example 1 of a Note Day Department of Medicine

18 Example 1: Apply the New Way of Writing 18 Department of Medicine

19 Example 2 19 Department of Medicine

20 Example 2 20 Department of Medicine

21 Example 3. How To Apply from Day to Day 21 Department of Medicine

22 Assessment of Common Medical Conditions (Degree, Complications). Be Specific (Location Matters) Do NOT Write Please Write (e.g.) DM2 or DM HTN Anemia Malnutrition Hypokalemia CHF Cellulitis Type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy Hypertension with heart disease and CKD stage III Microcytic Anemia with blood loss Severe Protein Calorie Malnutrition (MCC*) Severe Hyperkalemia due to urine loss Acute on Chronic Systolic Heart Failure (MCC*) R foot cellulitis *MCC: Major complication or comorbidity; others include Acute Renal Failure, Acute Respiratory Failure, Acute CHF, hyponatremia, functional quadriplegia Protein Calorie Malnutrition 22 Department of Medicine

23 Use Non-Definitive Words Apply words like Presumed, Probable, or Possible when treating conditions you are not sure about. Example: Presumed Gram negative and MRSA Pneumonia on Vancomycin and Zosyn. The following day you could say Pneumonia Ruled Out stop antibiotics 23 Department of Medicine

24 Choose the Diagnosis that Best Reflects Severity A. Cellulitis B. Sepsis C. Septic Shock Answer: Sepsis Sepsis due Cellulitis 24 Department of Medicine

25 Choose the Diagnosis that Best Reflects Severity A. Pneumonia B. Severe Sepsis C. Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure Answer: Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure due to Severe Sepsis from presumed Gram Neg. Pneumonia 25 Department of Medicine

26 Choose the Diagnosis that Best Reflects Severity A. Diabetes B. Type 2 Diabetes C. Type 2 Diabetes with peripheral neuropathy D. Type 2 Diabetes with CKD stage III and peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and history of R toe amputation Answer: D Make connections 26 Department of Medicine

27 Change of attitude READ MY NOTES 27 Department of Medicine I WANT TO SHOW OFF MY KNOWLEDGE & ACTIVITY

28 Assessment/Plans Reflect your knowledge Reflect your activity for that day Overall show that you are committed in providing the best care 28 Department of Medicine

2

2 1 2 3 4 5 Elements: Location, Timing, Associated Sign and Symptom, Duration Type of History HPI Problem Focused (99201, 99213) Brief (1-3) Expanded Focused (99202, 99213 Brief (1-3) Detailed (99203, 99214)

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