Research Article A Virtual Instrument System for Determining Sugar Degree of Honey

Transcription

1 Analytcal Methods n Chemstry Volume 215, Artcle ID , 6 pages Research Artcle A Vrtual Instrument System for Determnng Sugar Degree of Honey Qjun Wu 1,2 and Xun Gong 3 1 School of Chemcal Engneerng, Guzhou Insttute of Technology, Guyang 553, Chna 2 School of Chemcal Engneerng, Guzhou Unversty of Engneerng Scence, Bje 5517, Chna 3 School of Lght Industry, Guzhou Insttute of Technology, Guyang 553, Chna Correspondence should be addressed to Xun Gong; gongxunplmm@163.com Receved 11 March 215; Revsed 1 May 215; Accepted 11 May 215 Academc Edtor: Gudo Crspon Copyrght 215 Q. Wu and X. Gong. Ths s an open access artcle dstrbuted under the Creatve Commons Attrbuton Lcense, whch permts unrestrcted use, dstrbuton, and reproducton n any medum, provded the orgnal work s properly cted. Ths study establshed a LabVIEW-based vrtual nstrument system to measure optcal actvty through the communcaton of conventonal optcal nstrument wth computer va RS232 port. Ths system realzed the functons for automatc acquston, realtme dsplay, data processng, results playback, and so forth. Therefore, t mproved accuracy of the measurement results by avodng the artfcal operaton, cumbersome data processng, and the artfcal error n optcal actvty measurement. The system was appled to the analyss of the batch nspecton on the sugar degree of honey. The results obtaned were satsfyng. Moreover, t showed advantages such as frendly man-machne dalogue, smple operaton, and easly expanded functons. 1. Introducton LabVIEW s a G language-based vrtual nstrument (VI) software development tool compled by Natonal Instruments Corporaton. It s manly used for data collecton, analyss, measurement, nstrumentaton, process montorng, and so forth. LabVIEW ntegrates a large number of nterface templates for graphc generaton. Moreover, t owns abundant numercal analyss controls, advanced acquston controls, sgnal analyss controls, perfect smulaton debuggng tools, and a varety of hardware devce drvng functons, ncludng RS-232,GPIB,VXI,VISA,andDAQ.Itcanbeusedtorapdly develop the vrtual systems of data acquston and analyss control n short development cycle. LabVIEW has been wdely used n many felds worldwde ncludng avaton, aerospace, communcaton, automoble, semconductor, and bomedcne [1, 2]. Polarmeter s an optcal nstrument for measurng the optcalactvtyofmateral.itscommonlyusedtomeasure the optcal actvty of optcally actve substance. Through measurngtheoptcalactvtyofthesample,thasaccess to determne the concentraton and purty of a substance andanalyzetheconfguratonoforgancmatters.theoptcal rotaton of a honey depends on the concentratons of the varous sugars present n the honey, and ths can be used for dfferentaton between nectar honeys (laevorotatory; negatve values of optcal rotaton) and honeydew honeys (dextrorotatory; postve values of optcal rotaton). The rotaton propertes are very mportant for honey charactersaton, n order to dstngush and assess the declared botancal orgn of the honey [3, 4]. WZZ-2B automatc polarmeter s a test nstrument commonly used n Chna currently. The optcal actvty s measured based on the photoelectrc automatc balance prncple and dgtally dsplayed on a lght-emttng dode (LED). However, ths nstrument does not have the functons of data acquston and ntellgent data processng. In the actual applcaton, the user needs to further analyze and process the data measured to obtan the fnal results. Accordng to the characterstcs of automatc polarmeter, ths study developed a LabVIEW-based VI system for measurng the optcal actvty of materals by connectng the nstrument wth the

2 2 Analytcal Methods n Chemstry Test sample n thermostat system Polarmeter RS-232 VI program Computer Fgure 1: The structure dagram of the system. computer through the seral port. Ths system realzed the automatc acquston, processng, and result generaton and ntellgently completed the test task. 2. The Hardware Centrfugaton of the System The VI system s composed of computer, automatc polarmeter, CH115 super thermostat bath, and LabVIEW-based program. The polarmeter tube s reftted to provde constant temperature for the tested sample. A polarzed lght sgnal after the sample tube s detected by PhotoMultpler Tube (PMT) and converted nto electronc sgnals, whch could be transportedntocomputerthroughseralport(rs-232).the structuraldagramofthevisystemsshownasnfgure The Programmng of the VI System The VI program system s consttuted by some SubVIs ncludng data acquston and sugar content analyss, vewng recorded data and extng the program [5 7]. It manly used to complete the real-tme data dsplay, storage, data processng, and result playback tasks Programmng for Data Acquston. Fgure 2 shows the man operaton panel of the VI system. The rght-hand part of ths fgure s used to dsplay expermental data and choose the test tasks n real tme, whle the left-hand part s used to record the feld nformaton, such as expermental personnel, expermental samples, and reacton tme. By clckng the button of sugar content analyss, researchers enter nto the data processng SubVI to process the expermental data n realtme.byclckngthebuttonof resultplayback, thas access to playback the data results processed. By clckng the stop button, the operaton of the VI system s termnated. The SubVIs n the programmng call the Event Structure, whch can realze the nteractons between the operatons of users on front panel and program executon. Fgure 3 s a program chart of the data acquston of the system. The program of data acquston s realzed accordng to the data protocol sent by the seral port of the polarmeter [5, 7]. The ntalzaton, wrtng, readng, and closng of the seral port, and so forth, were realzed usng the VISA nodes n LabVIEW. Before the communcaton of seral port, t s needed to set port parameters for the nodes of VISA Confgure Seral Port.UsngtheStrng To Byte Array node, the data read by VISA Read node from the nstrument cache are converted nto nteger array. Usng nodes such as Array Subset and Index Array, the specfed optcal actvty of each frame n the nstrumentcanbereadout. The concurrent structure of Tmed Loop and Whle Loop s used to accurately dsplay the current measurement tme. Remander functonsemployedtoreporttheaccuratetme at full mnute and hghlght the current acquston tme. Tme-reportng and alarmng sounds are realzed through Beep.v. TheCaseStructureontherghtpartoftheWhle Loop n Fgure 3 s appled to optonal save measurng data. Fle storage path s realzed by fle path subprogram. To avod the fle name repetton, a Lst Folder node s called. In case of ndexng out the same fle name, the fle name s automatcally added wth a specfc character strng. Wrte To Spreadsheet Fle.v functon realzes the smultaneous savng of optcal actvty data and concentraton data collected. Users can clck the acquston button on the operaton panel of the VI to collect data. By clckng save data button, the data measured are saved. Data acquston of the program cannot be preceded wth other events smultaneously. Other events are only allowed to be proceedng when data acquston s ended. Ths functon s realzed by settng the attrbutes of the event buttons to avodtheconflctoftheeventscalled[7] Programmng for Sugar Content Analyss of Honey. After data acquston, users can enter nto the sugar content analyss operaton panel. The program for the sugar degree analyss of honey manly appled to measure the contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose to detect honey qualty. Such detecton functons to determne whether or not the honey s adulterated or whether or not the honey s pure. The prncple s ndcated as follows [8, 9]: the total gross (A) of the reducng sugars (glucose and fructose) n the honey s frstly measured usng potassum ferrcyande method. The contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose are set as x, y,and z, respectvely. Subsequently, accordng to the lnear relaton of optcal actvty and concentraton, the optcal actvtes of the honey solutons dluted by dstlled water and hydrolyzed by sulfurc acd were measured. Honey after acd hydrolyss of sucrosecanonlycompletehydrolyssntothesameamountof glucose and fructose. In data processng, the measured data s multpled by the dluton rato to obtan the optcal actvty of orgnal honey. The rotaton [α] 2 D for glucose, fructose, and sucrose are 52.5, 91.9, and Therefore, there are A=x+y, a 1 = 52.5x 91.9y+66.6z,anda 2 = 52.5(x+z) 91.9(y+z). By combnng these equatons, t has access to the sugar degrees of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, respectvely. Fgure 4 shows the operaton panel of the sugar degree analyss of honey. By clckng the button of parameters for reducng sugar, the SubVI panel for settng the parameters of reducng sugar s popped. After nputtng the parameter of the reducng sugar and clckng the returnng button, the reducng sugar of operaton panel as n Fgure 4 s returned. By nputtng the optcal actvty of the honey solutons dluted by dstlled water and that of the soluton hydrolyzed by sulfurc acd and clckng calculaton, the three sugar degrees and total sugar contents of the all honey samples were lsted n the table, as shown by the lower part of Fgure 4. The Formula Node nsde a For Loop n the programmng s used to realze the calculaton on the sugar degree of the honey. Array Sze s used to ndex the sample number that connects to the count port of the For Loop; thats,thesugar

3 Analytcal Methods n Chemstry 3 VI System for Measurng Optcal Actvty Test records Name Xun Gong Samples Results Dsplay Value 1 Value 2 Value Average acaca Concn. (g/ml) Acq./Stop Clear Save Data Reacton tme (mn) 15 Sugar Content Analyss Result Playback Run Tme 215/2/24 2:4 STOP School of Chemcal Engneerng, Guzhou Insttute of Technology All rghts reserved Fgure 2: The man operaton panel of the VI. Type Tme [] Acq./Stop : Value Change VISA C error out CtlRef OldVal NewVal I/O 96 8 VISA VISA VISA SERIAL CLR W VISA R [U8] BUILD VALUE BUILD VALUE BUILD VALUE Value 1 Value 2 Value 3 Clear + 3 False Samples Average DBL FILE PATH Save Data Concn. (g/ml) DBL T A 1 x B C 7 # 1/89 1:21 Run Tme Name Result Playback 2 Stop Sugar Content Analyss Acq./Stop dt 32 1 ms 1 khz Numerc I32 R 6 IQ Error = I32 T 5 5 F Blnkng! 2 2 Error Stop Sugar Content Analyss F Fgure 3: Program for the data acquston.

4 4 Analytcal Methods n Chemstry Sugar Content STOP optcal actvtes of honey n water dluton Sugar Content Param. for Reducng Sugar Calculaton optcal actvtes of honey n acdc hydrolyss reducng sugar (g/ g) Table 1. All Sugar Degrees of Honey Samples (%) Glucose Fructose Sucrose Total Sugar Dangshen Honey (lght brown) Ctrus Honey (lght brown) Chnese Data Honey (dull brown, crystal) Lnden Honey (lght amber, crystal) Acaca Honey (water whte) Fgure 4: Panel for the sugar degree analyss. degree of multple dfferent honey samples can be calculated separately. By callng Express Table, buldngtheproperty Node of Express Table,andselectngattrbutesforRow Header Strngs and Column Header Strngs,tsaccessbletowrtethe columnandrowheadngforthelstboxandrecordthehoney sample and correspondng sugar degree n detal. Fgure 5 shows the program chart Programmng for Datalog Playback. LabVIEW can record the current data of all the controls n the front panel of theprogram.eachtmeofdatarecordgvesrsetoarecord n the forms of the combnatons of arbtrary types of data n the datalog fle. Before the datalog on the front panel, t s requred to select the menu command Operate Log at Completon on the front panel of the data recorded. The readng of datalog fle s realzed by callng the data recorded VI,whchstreatedastheSubVIhere.Byrght-clckngon the SubVI cons of ths block dagram, a menu s popped. By selectng the Enable Database Access on the menu, t has access to the state of vewng the datalog. The data that needed to be read can be played back usng the Unbundle By Name node. Fgure 6 shows the playback panel for data processng results. By selectng the number of the record that should be vewed, the datalog under ths record number s dsplayed n real tme. In case that there s no data under ths record number, the Boolean LED s the hghlght. By clckng return, the users can return to the man operaton panel. 4. Results and Dscusson Ownng to the hgh nutrtonal and medcnal value, honey has been wdely appled to Chnese patent drugs and foods. Honey shows a complex composton, wth more than 2 knds of detectable ngredents. The man ngredents nclude fructose, glucose, and sucrose, accountng for about 7% of the honey n content. In addton, the three substances are optcally actve. Except for them, there are few other optcally actve substances n honey. Chnese honey standard stpulates that the reducng sugar content and sucrose content should take a proporton of above 65% and below 5%, respectvely. For the exported honey, t s even requred that the fructose should account for above 5% of the reducng sugar. The reason of these stpulatons les n that, on one hand, whether or not the honey s mxed wth sucrose or starch substances s detectable. On the other hand, t can determne whether or not the honey contans the honey yelded by the bees fed by sucrose. Therefore, the natural characterstcs and ngredents of pure honey can be reflected by measurng varous sugars n the honey.

5 Analytcal Methods n Chemstry 5 Sugar Content Tab Control Set Param. SET PARAM. [DBL] reducng sugar [DBL] optcal actvtes of honey n water dluton [DBL] optcal actvtes of honey n acdc hydrolyss 4 N A x z = (a1 a2)/16; y = (52.5 A z a1)/144.4; y a1 x=a y; G=x+y+z; z a2 G Calculaton T [dbl]x A B C D Buld Table Sgnals Table error out Table [] Row Header Strngs[] [] Column Header Strngs[] [] Table!! RowHdrs[] ColHdrs[] Fgure 5: Program for the sugar degree analyss. The Playback for Data Processng Results Results Dsplay optcal actvtes of honey n water dluton optcal actvtes of honey n acdc hydrolyss Reference Value Dangshen Honey (lght brown) Ctrus Honey (lght brown) Chnese Data Honey (dull brown, crystal) Lnden Honey (lght amber, crystal) Acaca Honey (water whte) Results of Sugar Content Analyss Table 1. All Sugar Degrees of Honey Samples (%) Glucose Fructose Sucrose Total Sugar reducng sugar (g/ g) record 1 Invald record Return Fgure 6: The playback panel for data results. The analyss on the sugar degree of honey s preceded as follows. Frstly, the total contents (A) of the reducng sugar n all honey samples were measured usng potassum ferrcyande method. Then, 25. g (n accurate weght) of ctrus honey, lnden honey, Chnese date honey, Dangshen Honey, and acaca honey (orgn: Schuan) was put nto ml volumetrc flasks, respectvely, and dluted usng dstlled water to constant volume. The honey solutons obtaned were then dscolored usng actvated carbon for 3 hours. After beng fltered, we take two shares of 1 ml sample soluton from each dscolored soluton and put these sample solutons n dfferent ml volumetrc flasks. One of the soluton samples was dluted wth 1mL 3mol/L H 2 SO 4, addng dstlled water to the constant scale, and another was drectly added nto dstlled water to the scale and placed overnght. In the followng day, we measured the optcal actvtes of the solutons dluted by acd and water at a constant temperature of 2 C. Afterwards, we nput the reducng sugar parameter measuredatthebegnnngandtheoptcalactvtesofthe honey solutons dluted and clcked Yeldng the Results. The sugar degree data processng results of each honey sample were obtaned, as shown n Fgures 5 and 6. A reference value usng Chna s standard sugar degree determnaton usng the HPLC method s shown n Fgure 6, glucosedsplays

6 6 Analytcal Methods n Chemstry thehghestcontentabovereferencevalue(lke39.292%and %), and t s easly crystallzed; the contents of glucose and fructose are all hgher than 65%, whle sucrose contents are all less than 5%. The results obtaned were consstent wth the results obtaned usng Chna s standard sugar degree determnaton method. Therefore, t s proved that ths VI system s applcable to the batch detecton of a varety of honey samples. 5. Conclusons The applcaton results suggested that the LabVIEW-based optcal actvty measurement VI system convenently solved the hardware problems of conventonal chemcal optcal nstrument such as the nterface wth computer and realzed the automatc data acquston and data storage functons. Moreover, usng the rch functon lbrary of LabVIEW, users can comple dfferent LabVIEW programs for ths system to profoundly analyze and process the optcal actvty data measured and obtan correspondng measurement results n real tme. It was applcable to the batch detecton n the sugar degree analyss of honey. In addton, ths system showed frendly man-machne nterface and convenent operaton. express, MATCH: Communcatons n Mathematcal and n Computer Chemstry,vol.6,no.2,pp ,28. [7]H.Meng,J.L,andY.Tang, Thedesgnandapplcatonof vrtual on meter based on LABVIEW 8., Revew of Scentfc Instruments,vol.8,no.8,ArtcleID8411,4pages,29. [8] D. Gu, Z. Bao, and L. Feng, The study of determnng the content of compostons of n honey wth optcal rotaton, JournalofHarbnUnverstyofC.E.&Archtecture(Chna),vol. 33,no.4,pp ,2. [9] X. Tang, H. Zhang, and G. Q, Rapd determnaton of sacchardes content n honey sold n the market, Jangsu Agrcultural Scences,vol.41,no.1,pp ,213. Conflct of Interests The authors declare that there s no conflct of nterests regardng the publcaton of ths paper. Acknowledgments The authors are pleased to acknowledge the fnancal support of ths startup project for hgh-level talents of Guzhou Insttute of Technology (Grant no. XJGC21511). They also acknowledge the fnancal support of ths research by the Natural Scence Research Project of Guzhou Provncal Educaton Offce (Grant nos. [213]18 and [213]181) and the support from Guzhou Provnce Scence and Technology Fund (Grant nos. [213]26 and [213]27). References [1] C. Wagner, S. Armenta, and B. Lendl, Developng automated analytcal methods for scentfc envronments usng LabVIEW, Talanta,vol.8,no.3,pp ,21. [2] Q. Wu, L. Wang, and L. Zu, A labview-based vrtual nstrument system for laser-nduced fluorescence spectroscopy, Journal of Automated Methods and Management n Chemstry, vol. 211, Artcle ID , 7 pages, 211. [3] F. Pasn, S. Gardn, G. L. Marcazzan, and M. F. Cabon, Buckwheat honeys: screenng of composton and propertes, Food Chemstry, vol. 141, no. 3, pp , 213. [4] Q. Sh and J. Yun, Optcal rotaton study on sugars adulterated honey, Food Scence (Chna),vol.24,no.9,pp ,23. [5] H. Meng, J.-Y. L, and Y.-H. Tang, Desgn and applcaton of a vrtual on meter based on graphcal programmng software, Amercan Laboratory,vol.41,no.1,pp.24 29,29. [6] J. L, Y. L, and D. Guo, The desgn and applcaton of conductance rate vrtual nstrument based on LabVIEW 8.

7 Medcnal Chemstry Photoenergy Organc Chemstry Internatonal Analytcal Chemstry Advances n Physcal Chemstry Carbohydrate Chemstry Quantum Chemstry Submt your manuscrpts at The Scentfc World Journal Inorganc Chemstry Theoretcal Chemstry Spectroscopy Analytcal Methods n Chemstry Chromatography Research Internatonal Electrochemstry Catalysts Appled Chemstry Bonorganc Chemstry and Applcatons Chemstry Spectroscopy