Volume 162. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. w. Rosenthal, Berlin. Editor-in-Chief K. Starke, Freiburg i. Br.

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1 Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Volume 162 Editor-in-Chief K. Starke, Freiburg i. Br. Editorial Board G.V.R. Born, London M. Eichelbaum, Stuttgart D. Ganten, Berlin F. Hofmann, Miinchen B. Kobilka, Stanford, CA w. Rosenthal, Berlin G. Rubanyi, Richmond, CA

2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

3 Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides Contributors M. Alfalah, A. Beck-Sickinger, S. Bedoui, A. Brennauer, A. Buschauer, e. Carvajal, H.M. Cox, W.R. Crowley, O. Della-Zuana, S. Dove, Y. Dumont, J.-1. Fauchere, M. Feletou, J.P. Galizzi, M. Heilig, H. Herzog, S. von Horsten, T. Hoffmann, N.P. Hyland, S.P. Kalra, P.S. Kalra, T. Karl, A. Kask, M. Lonchampt, N.R. Levens, M.e. Michel, K. Morl, R. Pabst, J.P. Redrobe, R. Quirion, K. Tatemoto, T.E. Thiele, CiD. Wrann Editor Martin C. Michel, Springer

4 Professor Martin C. Michel Academisch Medisch Centrum Afd. Farmacologie & Farmacotherapie Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands With 81 Figures and 23 Tables ISSN ISBN Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Neuropeptide Yand related peptides / contributors M. Alfalah... [et al.) ; editor Martin C. Michel. p. cm. - (Handbook of experimental pharmacology ; v. 162) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Neuropeptide Y -Physiological effect. 2. Neuropeptide Y -Derivatives-Physiological effect. 1. Alfalah, M. (Marwan) II. Michel, Martin C., III. Series. QP905.H3 voi. 162 [QP552.N38) 615'.5. s-dc22 [573.8'48) '.5 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current vers ion, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for Prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springeronline.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consuiting the relevant literature. Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Typesetting: Stiirtz AG, Wiirzburg Printed on acid-free paper 27/3150 hs O

5 Preface A little more than 20 years have now passed since the original discovery of neuropeptide Y (NPY) by Tatemoto and colleagues. Meanwhile a Medline search for the keyword 'NPY' yields more than 7,000 hits, with a steady per year in the last decade C1I 400 CII > CII Q. III CII Q. C1I Q year Fig. 1 Number of papers retrieved byyear of publication from Medline under the keyword 'NPV' Papers devoted exclusively to the closely related peptide YYand pancreatic polypeptide are not even included in this statistic. Thus, it is not surprising that the field of NPY research has made remarkable progress and is coming of age. Phylogenetic research has shown that NPY is an evolutionary very old and highly conserved peptide. Members of the NPY family of peptides act on specific G-protein coupled receptors, of which five subtypes have been cloned in a variety of species and whose signal transduction is being unraveled. Cloning of the genes for NPYand its receptors has enabled the generation of transgenic and knockout animals. Using such tools we now understand major aspects of the physiological role of NPY not only in the brain but also, for example, in the peripheral tissues of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and immune system. While NPY largely exerts these effects as a neurotransmitter, the related peptide YYand pancreatic polypeptide predominantly act as hormones. Numerous peptide analogs and non-

6 VI Preface peptide ligands acting on NPY receptors, often in a subtype-selective manner, have been described. They set the stage for the final act, the definition of the role of NPY in human health and disease and ultimately the manipulation of this system in treating patients. The present volume addresses all of the above topics by established leaders in their respective areas. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all contributors for the time and effort they have spent in preparing their chapters and also Mrs. Susanne Dathe of Springer-Verlag who expertly supported the project. On behalf of all contributors I hope that experienced NPY aficionados will find new and useful additional information in this volume and that newcomers to the field will discover how much exciting research this still has to offer. August 2003 Martin C. Michel, Amsterdam

7 List of Contributors (Their addresses can be found at the beginningof their respective chapters.) Alfalah, M. 23 Beck-Sick inger, A. G. 479 Bedoui, S. 23, 409 Brennauer, A. 505 Buschauer, A. 505 Carvajal, e. 101 Cox, H. M. 45, 389 Crowley, W. R. 185 Della-Zuana, O. 283 Dove, S. 505 Dumont, Y. 101 Fauchere, J.-L. 283 Peletou, M. 283 Fredriksson, R. 75 Galizzi, J.-P. 283 Heilig, M. 251 Herzog, H. 447 Horsten, S. von 23, 409 Hoffmann, T. 23 Holliday, N. D. 45 Hyland, N. P. 389 Kalra, S. P. 221 Kalra, P. S. 221 Karl, T. 23 Kask, A. 101 Larhammar, D. 75 Larson, E.T. 75 Levens, N. R. 283 Lonchampt, M. 283 Michel, M.e. 45,361 Morl, K. 479 Morris, M.J. 327 Pabst, R. 23, 409 Quirion, R. 101 Redrobe, J.P. 101 Salaneck, E. 75 Tatemoto, K. 1 Thiele, T. E. 251 Westfall, T. e. 137 Wrann, e. D. 23

8 List of Contents Neuropeptide Y: History and Overview. K. Tatemoto PP, PYYand NPY: Synthesis, Storage, Release and Degradation S. von Htirsten, T. Hoffmann, M. Alfalah, C. D. Wrann, T. Karl, R. Pabst, S. Bedoui NPY Receptor Subtypes and Their Signal Transduction N.D. Holliday, M. C. Michel, H.M. Cox Phylogeny of NPY-Family Peptides and Their Receptors D. Larhammar, R. Fredriksson, E. T. Larson, E. Salaneck Neuropeptide Yand Its Receptor Subtypes in the Central Nervous System: Emphasis on Their Role in Animal Models of Psychiatric Disorders ]. P. Redrobe, C. Carvajal, A. Kask, Y. Dumont, R. Quirion Prejunctional Effects of Neuropeptide Yand Its Role as a Cotransmitter T. C. Westfall Neuroendocrine Actions Of Neuropeptide Y WR. Crowley NPY: A Novel OnlOff Switch for Control of Appetite and Reproduction S. P. Kalra, P. S. Kalra Behavioral Effects of Neuropeptide Y T. E. Thiele, M. Heilig

9 X Listof Contents NPY Effects on Food Intake and Metabolism N.R. Levens, M. Feletou, I.-P. Galizzi, I.-I. Fauchere, O. Della-Zuana, M. Lonchampt Neuropeptide Yand Cardiovascular Function M,J. Morr is Neuropeptide Yand the Kidney M.e. Michel NPY-Like Peptides, Y Receptors and Gastro intest inal Function N. P. Hyland, H.M. Cox NPYand Immune Funct ions: Implications for Health and Disease S. Bedoui, R. Pabst, S. von Horsten Transgenic and Knockout Models in NPY Research H. Herzog Structure-Activity Relationship of Peptide-Derived Ligands at NPY Receptors K. Morl, A. G. Beck-Sickinger Structure-Activity Relationships of Nonpeptide Neuropeptide Y Receptor Antagonists A. Brennauer, S. Dove, A. Buschauer Subject Index