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5 References 1. Rashno MM, Fallahi S, Kheirandish F, Bagheri S, Kayedi MH, Birjandi M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with Alzheimer s disease. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 11(3): Bitaraf HR, Arab-Mazar Z, Ghanimatdan M, Mohammadi M, Mohseni M, Parsipour S, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in military personnel and their families referred to the military hospital in Tehran, Iran. Novelty Biomed. 2017; 5(4): Montoya JG. Toxoplasma gondii. CONNS CURRENT THERAPY. 2003: Montoya JG, Rosso F. Diagnosis and management of toxoplasmosis. Clin Perinatol. 2005; 32(3): Zadeh AE, Bamedi T, Etemadi S, Shahrakipour M, Saryazdipour K. Toxoplasmosis as a complication of transfusion in hemodialysis patients. Iranian J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014; 4(1): Fouladvand MA, Barazesh A, Naiemi B, Vahdat K, Tahmasebi R. Seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in girl students from Persian gulf university and Bushehr university of medical sciences. ISMJ. 2010; 13(2): Gharavi M, Rahnama N, Jahani M. Seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma infections of mentally retarded children. Iranian J Public Health. 2005; 34(1): Arab-Mazar Z, Kheirandish F, Rajaeian S. Anti-toxoplasmosis activity of herbal medicines: Narrative review. Herbal Med J. 2017; 1(2): Chomel BB. Control and prevention of emerging parasitic zoonoses. Int J Parasitol. 2008; 38(11): Velimirovic B. Toxoplasmosis in immunosuppression and AIDS. Infection. 1984; 12(5): Arab-Mazar Z, Fallahi S, Koochaki A, Haghighi A, Tabaei SJS. Immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of Toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular (GRA) 7 protein for the detection of toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer. Microbiological Res. 2016; 183: Arab-Mazar Z, Zamanian MH, Yadegarynia D. Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in an HIV- Negative Patient: A Case Report. Arch Clin Inf Dis. 2016; 11(1): Botero JH, Castaño A, Montoya MN, Ocampo NE, Hurtado MI, Lopera MM. A preliminary study of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients with and without gastrointestinal manifestations. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2003; 45(4): Hayashi M, Inamori M, Goto K, Akiyama T, Fujita K, Ikeda I, et al. Blastocystis hominis infection in patient with regular dialysis. J Gastroenterol. 2006; 41(6): Manesh RM, Safa AH, Sharafi SM, Jafari R, Bahadoran M, Yousefi M, et al. Parasites and chronic renal failure. J Renal Inj Prev. 2014; 3(4): Mahmodi S, Zehni K. The comparison of depression prevalence between shift work 82

6 nurses in education hospitals of kurdistan medical sciences university. Iranian J Nursing Res. 2013; 8(28): Sajjadi A, Farmahini Farahani B, Esmailpoor Zanjani S, Dormanesh B, Zare MO. Effective factors on fatigue in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. J Crit Care Nurs. 2010; 3(1): Arab-Mazar Z, Fallahi S, Koochaki A, Mirahmadi H, Tabaei SJS. Cloning, expression and immunoreactivity of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii GRA5 protein. Iranian J Microbiol. 2016; 8(5): Macpherson CN. Human behaviour and the epidemiology of parasitic zoonoses. Int J Parasitol. 2005; 35(11): Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2000; 30(12): Nissapatorn V, Leong TH, Lee R, Ibrahim J, Yen TS. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in renal patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011; 42(2): Al-Dulaimi S, Al-Ubadi A, Al-Ubadi A, Al- Bayatti E, Al-Saday S. Toxoplasma gondii, HCV, and HBV seroprevalence in Haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure in Al-Kindy Hospital Baghdad, Iraqi. Al-Mustansiriyah J Sci. 2012; 23(5): Ghorbani M, Edrissian GH, Afshar A. Serological survey of human toxoplasmosis in mountainous regions of the north-west and south-west parts of Iran ( ). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1981; 75(1): Ali Z, Hossein MM, Khadijeh D. Toxoplasma chorioretinitis in primary school children in Tehran, Iran, Med Sci Monitor. 2007; 13(4): CR201- CR Iqbal J, Nampoory M, Johnv K, Khalid N, Al-Mousawi M. Determination of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and CMV in renal transplant recipients. Transplan Proceed. 2003: Elsevier. 26. Assmar M, Amirkhani A, Piazak N, Hovanesian A, Kooloobandi A, Etessami R. Toxoplasmose en Iran. Résultats d une étude séroépidémiologique. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1997; 90: / 83

7 Prevalence of the Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in hemodialysis patients in selected hemodialysis centers of Tehran city in 2016 Seyyed Tabaei SJ 1,2, Yadegarynia D 1, Arab-Mazar Z 1, Rajaeian S 1,Fallahi Sh 3* 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Associate Professor, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, Falahi.sh@lums.ac.ir. Received: 7 Jan 2018 Accepted: 7 Feb 2018 Abstract Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common disease among humans and animals, that is caused by the infection of the intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Infection by this parasite is generally without any clinical symptoms, but it can have severe effects in people with immune deficiency, such as those experiencing chemotherapy, transplantation, cancer and AIDS, as well as dialysis patients. Considering the high prevalence of parasites in different parts of Iran, we decided to study the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients, in selected centers of Tehran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 260 hemodialysis patients attending 5 dialysis centers in Tehran in 2016 were studied. The serum samples were analyzed for anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgG antibodies by the ELISA method. Results: In this study, 175 (67.3%) of the hemodialysis patients tested positive for anti- Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 18 (7%) tested positive for anti-toxoplasma IgM antibodies. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients in Tehran compared to other control people in this region, and considering the fact that this infection is one of the most important risk factors in hemodialysis patients, regular screening and detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii is necessary in these patients. Keywords: IgM and IgG, Toxoplasma gondii, Hemodialysis patients, Selected Hemodialysis centers of Tehran. *Citation: Seyyed Tabaei SJ, Yadegarynia D, Arab-Mazar Z, Rajaeian S, Fallahi Sh. Prevalence of the Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in hemodialysis patients in selected hemodialysis centers of Tehran city in Yafte. 2018; 20(1):