Health Tech Symposium Fall, Dan Sommers P.E. EMT-P
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1 Health Tech Symposium Fall, 2009 Dan Sommers P.E. EMT-P
2 Human Physiological Signals Simple Explanations for Complicated Systems
3 Ref: Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4 th Edition
4 Simple Schematic RA LA RV LV
5 PCR
6 PCR: Vital Signs Respiration Pulse Blood Pressure Temperature Capnography O 2 Saturation
7 Life Threats A) Airway B) Breathing C) Circulation
8 Respiration: Breathing Method: Watch chest rise & fall for 30 seconds Concerns: Tissue perfusion O 2 /CO 2 exchange in the lungs Diaphragm Activity
9 Respiration: Tools Stethoscope: Conducts vibrations on the skin to clinician s ears (Auscultation) Detectable Conditions: Bronchial Spasm Pneumonia Pneumothorax
10 Pulse: Circulation Method: Palpate thump on artery for 30 seconds Concerns: Cardiac Disrhythmia Compartment Syndrome Shock
11 Pulse: Tools Electro Cardio Gram: Captures electrical signals on skin Detectable Conditions: Electrical Activity of Heart Cardiac Dysrhythmia Myocaridal Infarction
12 Blood Pressure: CO Method: Squeeze artery to occlusion, bleed pressure, detect restoration of flow Concerns: Dehydration Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis Advanced Stages of Shock
13 Blood Pressure: Tools Blood Pressure Cuff: Applies even pressure to entire appendage, provides calibrated bleed Auscultatory: Korotkoff Sounds Oscillometric: Pressure Differential Poor-Man s Measure of Cardiac Output
14 Oscillometric Method
15 Vital Signs Combined The Cushing reflex: Hypertension Bradycardia Rapid Respirations High Index of Suspicion for increasing inter-cranial pressure
16 Temperature Method: a) Detect and report molecular kinetic energy b) Look at the skin Concerns: Hyper/Hypo Thermia Infectious Disease / Immune Response
17 Temperature: Tools Thermometer: Absorbs heat, transduces to optical or electrical signal Predictive thermometry: doesn t wait until the temperature stabilizes Core vs. Peripheral: Heat Conservation
18 Capnography: EtCO 2 Method: Measure concentration of exhaled CO 2 Concerns: Proper Intubation Proper Ventilation Perfusion (Cellular Metabolism)
19 Capnography: Tools Nasal Cannula Intubation
20 Capnography: Waveform Normal Waveform Near Zero Baseline (A-B) Rapid Rise (B-C) Alveolar Plateau (C-D) End Tidal Value (D) Rapid Decrease to Baseline (D-E)
21 CO 2 Measurement IR Spectroscopy Asymmetric Stretch Symmetric Stretch Vertical Bend Horizontal Bend
22 CO 2 Measurement IR Absorption
23 CO 2 Measurement Intubation Cap Purple: Problem Tan: Think Yellow: Golden Carbon dioxide dissolves slightly in water to form a weak acid called carbonic acid, H2CO3
24 Pulse Oximetry: SpO 2 Method: Clip probe onto appendage, read saturation percentage or a full plethysmograph Concerns: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Emphysema Asthma
25 Pulse Oximetry: SpO 2 Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen DeOxy 150,500,000,000,000,000,000 hemoglobin molecules in 100 ml of whole blood Oxy
26 Pulse Oximetry: SpO 2 Red: 660nm InfraRed: 905nm
27 Conclusion The Human Body is Wondrously Complex Humans send out signals Smart humans can diagnose sick humans by detecting and analyzing said signals Questions?
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