Voeding: de juiste prijs. Prof.dr. Johan Albrecht Universiteit Gent Faculteit Economie & Bedrijfskunde

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Gregory Benson
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1 Voeding: de juiste prijs Prof.dr. Johan Albrecht Universiteit Gent Faculteit Economie & Bedrijfskunde

7 Goedkoop voedsel dankzij Vrijhandel & concurrentie op globale markten -> efficiëntie Technologische innovatie -> efficiëntie Probleem: concentratie van macht dwz Lobbyen voor subsidies Controle op informatiestromen (gezond/ongezond) Hoge mark-up mogelijk (verwerkte producten) Barrières voor nieuwkomers

9 Globale CO 2 -uitstoot: Voeding & dranken: 25% Vlees: 18%

11 Cattle ranching; 70 to 80% of Amazonian deforestation

12 sq miles dead zone

13 Source: Tilman & Clark (2014) Nature, Vol.515

14 Meat; inefficient protein delivery

15 Sabaté & Soret (2014); Shifting diets from animalbased to plant-based is of paramount importance in achieving food security and sustainability goals Food security and food sustainability are on a collision course. Source of problem (partial); limited societal awareness, no price on CO 2, fossil subsidies, agricultural subsidies, no LCA perspective on food production, food/nutrition excluded from climate debate

16 What s at stake?

17 WHO Factsheet Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 mill people each year. Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.5 million people annually, followed by cancers (8.2 million), respiratory diseases (4 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). These 4 groups of diseases account for 82% of all NCD deaths Tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets all increase the risk of dying from an NCD. Globalization of unhealthy lifestyles like unhealthy diets may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids, and obesity. These are called 'intermediate risk factors' which can lead to cardiovascular disease 80% of premature heart disease, stroke and diabetes can be prevented. Source ; 17

EPIC Study Healthy dietary principles (high intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain bread and low meat consumption) lead to 78% lower overall risk of developing a chronic disease.

18 EPIC Study Healthy dietary principles (high intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain bread and low meat consumption) lead to 78% lower overall risk of developing a chronic disease. This included a 93% reduced risk of diabetes, an 81% lower risk of stroke, and a 36% overall reduction in risk of cancer Most chronic diseases are preventable and can be reversed. The Lancet, Vol.12, september/october

A recent review published in the Journal of Internal Medicine examined the correlation between disease risk and meat consumption in six cohort studies to provide a comprehensive summary of the

19 A recent review published in the Journal of Internal Medicine examined the correlation between disease risk and meat consumption in six cohort studies to provide a comprehensive summary of the potential negative health effects of consuming red meat. They concluded that red meat, and especially processed meat, was associated with significantly increased risks for diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. A meta-analysis examining the dose response relationship between meat intake and mortality risk demonstrated that each serving per day of unprocessed red meat consumption was significantly and positively associated with cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13, 1.26; P = 0 001).

20 There is an inverse relationship between consumption of fruits and vegetables and mortality from CVD, including stroke. A meta-analysis of 16 prospective cohort studies totaling over 800K participants with follow-up periods ranging from 4.6 to 26 years demonstrated that risk of cardiovascular mortality was decreased by 4% for each serving a day of fruits and vegetables combined. Another meta-analysis of over 250K individuals followed for an average of 13 years demonstrated that stroke risk was lowered by 26% in those who consumed five versus three servings a day of fruits and vegetables.

21 Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study, The Lancet, Volume 364, No. 9438, p , 11 September 2004 Abnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and alcohol, and regular physical activity account for most of the risk of myocardial infarction worldwide in both sexes and at all ages in all regions. These associations were noted in men and women, old and young, and in all regions of the world. Collectively, these nine risk factors accounted for 90% of the PAR (population attributable risks) in men and 94% in women This finding suggests that approaches to prevention can be based on similar principles worldwide and have the potential to prevent most premature cases of myocardial infarction. 21

23 Lancet Jul 21;336(8708): Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Ornish D 1, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Armstrong WT, Ports TA, McLanahan SM, Kirkeeide RL, Brand RJ, Gould KL. Abstract In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipid-lowering drugs.

25 Genees CVD, verminder aderverkalking (bij 70% patiënten); eet low-fat vegetarian / plantaardig (groenten, granen, fruit, peulvruchten, noten en zaden inclusief volkoren graanproducten)

28 Genees Diabetes Type 2 bij 60 tot 70% van patiënten; eet low-fat vegetarian / plantaardig (groenten, granen, fruit, peulvruchten, noten en zaden inclusief volkoren graanproducten) ps; kost Diabetes Type 2 in BE +/- 4 mrd/jaar

29 29

31 Low-fat vegetarian voor NCD-patiënt; OK Maar wie eet zo vrijwillig?

35 2015, st: 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, times 2nd, 1 time 5th (1996, 8u28)

36 Enkele conclusies Voeding is (zeer) goedkoop, inclusief voeding met hoge externe kosten (milieu & gezondheid) Rood vlees; hoogste externe kost Externe kost; grote informatieproblemen Correctie prijs als deel van oplossing CO 2 -heffing op voeding kan debat over externe kosten stroomlijnen

The Battle against Non-communicable Diseases can be won IA.. Lidia Belkis Archbold Health Ministries - IAD

The Battle against Non-communicable Diseases can be won IA.. Lidia Belkis Archbold Health Ministries - IAD Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases are not transmitted from person